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THE BRICKBVILDER
AN ILLUSTRATED ARCHITECTURAL MONTHLY
DEVOTED rO THE ART, SCIENCE AND BUSINESS OF BUILDING
Index — Volume Twenty- two
JANUARY — DECEMBER
1913
ROGERS AND MANSON COMPANY, Publishers
NEW YORK ; ; ; ; BOSTON
Index to Plate Illustrations.
ACCORDING TO SUBJECTS.
Plates numbered 1-16 in the January issue ; February 17-32 ; March 33-48 ; April 49-64 ; May 65-80 ; June 81-96 ; July 97-112; August 113-128 ; September 129-144 ; October 145-160 ; November 161-176 ; December 177-192.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
Architect.
Plate No.
Title and Location. BANKS
Ipswich, Mass., Andrews, Jaques & Rantoul 181-183
West Hudson Trust Co., Harrison, N. J., Crow, Lewis &
Wickenhoefer 49-51
BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL
St. Joseph News Press, St. Joseph, Mo., Eckel & Aldrich.169, 170 FIRE HOUSE
Albany, N. Y., Marcus T. Reynolds 122, 123
GARAGE (Public)
Brooklyn, N. Y., William A. Boring 93
HOSPITALS AND ASYLUMS
Maryland School for the Blind, Baltimore, Md.,
Jos. Evans Sperry 184-186
Perkins Institute, Watertown, Mass., R. Clipston Sturgis. 97-105
Ruptured and Crippled, New York City, York & Sawyer. 21-23 MANUFACTORIES
Building, St. Louis, Mo., Mauran, Russell & Crowell 171
Architect.
Plate No.
Title and Location.
OFFICE
Dental Building, Bridgeport, Conn., Skinner & Walker--143, 144
Garden City, L. I., Ford, Butler & Oliver 149-151
Philadelphia, Pa., Mellor & Meigs 79
STORE
Piano Show Room, Boston, Mass., Richardson, Barott & Richardson 10, 11
THEATERS, RECREATION AND HALLS
Amusement Building, Providence, R. I., John Hutchins
Cady 62, 63
Liberty Theatre, Pittsburgh, Pa., Edward B. Lee 106-108
Theater and Office Building, Columbus, Ohio, Richards, McCarty & Bulford 47
TOWN HALLS
Braintree, Mass., Ingraham & Hopkins 147, 148
Nahant, Mass., Andrews, Jaques & Rantoul 15, 16
TRANSPORTATION
Railway Station, Rochester, N. Y., Claude Bragdon 177-180
RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS.
Title and Location.
CHURCHES-
Architect.
Plate No.
Plate No.
Church of the Ascension, New York City, Ludlow & Peabody 65-68
Euclid Avenue Temple, Cleveland, Ohio, Lehman & Schmitt 129-132
First of Christ, Scientist, Washington, D. C, Marsh & Peter 26, 27
,124 37-40
Title and Location. Architect.
CHURCHES — Co7itimied
St. Barbara's, Brooklyn, N. Y., Helmle & Huberty St. Patrick's, Philadelphia, Pa., LaFarge & Morris
Y. M. C. A. AND Y. W. C. A.
Cleveland, Ohio, Hubbell & Benes 116, 117
Lawrence, Mass., Brainerd & Leeds and O. A. Thayer- ,35, 36 St. Louis, Mo. (Y. W. C. A.), Mariner & LaBeaume 145, 146
EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS.
Architect.
Plate No.
Title and Location.
COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES
Auditorium, University of Illinois, Champaign, 111.,
C. H. Blackalj 133, 134
Auditorium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.,
Albert Kahn and Ernest Wilby 113-115
Auditorium, Vassar, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., McKim, Mead
& White 161-164
LIBRARIES
Day Missions, New Haven, Conn., Delano & Aldrich 167, 168
Plate No.
Title and Location. Architect.
LIBRARIES — Contimced
Easthampton, L. I., Aymar Embury, II .28, 29
Haddington Branch, Philadelphia, i'a., Albert Kelsey 165, 166
Plainfield, N. J., Wilder & White 85,86
SCHOOLS
Cleveland, The, Newark, N. J., E. F. Guilbert.--- -52-54
Oilman Country, Baltimore, Md., Parker, Thomas & Rice. 1-4
Ridge, The, Newark, N. J., E. F. Guilbert 135-137
Ridgefield, N. J., Wm. W. Rasmu.ssen & Ernest Sibley.. 89-90
RESIDENCE BUILDINGS.
Architect.
Plate Nn
Title and Location.
APARTMENTS
Canterbury Hall, Baltimore, Md., E. H. Glidden 188
Chandler, Chicago, 111., Schmidt, Garden & Martin 187
Latrobe, The, Baltimore, Md., E. H. Glidden &C. N. Friz-152, 153
Title and Location. A:
APARTMENTS — Continued
Chicago, 111., Schmidt, Garden & Martin Chicago, 111., Pond & Pond
Plate No. .44
.60
11
Index to Volume XXII., Jan.— Dec, 1913.
The Brickbuilder.
Title and Location. Architect. Plate No.
CITY HOUSES Atlanta, Ga., Edward Kmmett Dougherty.. -VI, V^
Buffalo, N. v., Charles A. Piatt .. 58,59
Cleveland, Ohio, Abram Garfield 61
Cleveland, Ohio, Frank B. Meade and James Hamilton ..80
Kansas City, Mo., Wilder &- Wight --96
New Haven, Conn., Murphy &• Uana ..109, 110
Xew York City, Donn Barber . ...14
New York Citv, John Russell Pope .81-84
Washington, L). C, Wood, Donn & Darning 32
CLUB HOUSE University, The, Washington, D. C, George Oakley Totten'. 77, 78
COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOUSES (American!
Baltimore, Md., Lawrence Hall Fowler __. 125-128
Bernardsville, X. J., Delano & Aldrieh 41-43
Chestnut Hill, Mass., Page & Frothingham 48
Chestnut Hill, Mass., F. Manton Wakefield 111
Cleveland, Ohio, Fountain & Moratz 138
Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., Grosvenor Alterbury . ..69-71
Columbus, Ohio, Richards, McCarty & Bulford.. -. 139
Evanston, 111., Sheplev, Rutan & Coolidge 1.59, 160
Great Neck, L. 1., Wm. Adams 191, 192
Hartford, Conn., LaFarge & Morris 140-142
Kenilworth, 111., Nimmons & Fellows 174, 175
Lake Forest, 111., Howard Shaw 154-156
Title and Location. Architect. Plate No.
COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOVSES — Continued
Lake Forest, 111., Howard Shaw 189, 190
Lincoln, Mass., Frank Chouteau Brown 76
Long Island, N. Y., LaFarge & Morris ._ 17-19
Matinecoek, L. I., Carrere & Ha.stings 5-9
Milton, Mass., James S. Lee ...24, 25
Milton, Mass., Bigelow & W'adsvvorth . - 55-57
New Haven, Conn., Murphy & Dana 30, 31
Orange, N. J., Mann & MacNeille 13
Orange, N. J., Mann & MacNeille -- 64
Roland Park, Md., Edward L. Palmer, Jr -.94, 95
Rowley, Mass., Frank Chouteau Brown ..45, 46
St. Louis, Mo., Howard Shaw 157
St. Martins, Pa., Duhring, Okie & Ziegler 12
St. Marlins, Pa., Edmund B. Gilchrist ..112
Sliaker Heights, Cleveland, Ohio, Walker & Weeks 158
Short Hills, N. J., Alfred Busselle 87, 88
Southampton, L. I., N. Y., Grosvenor Atterbury 172, 173
Wilmington, Del., Charles Barton Keen 176
FARM AND OUT-BUILDINGS Stable, Long Island, N. Y., LaFarge & Morris.. 20
HOTELS
Inn, Goshen, N. Y., Walker &• Gillette 118-121
Ritz-Carleton, Montreal, Can., Warren & Wetmore 33, 34
Ritz-Carleton, Philadelphia, Pa., Horace Trumbauer and Warren & Wetmore 72-75
Subject Index to Illustrations in Letter Press.
Pages numbered 1-26 in the January issue; February, 27-48; March, 49-72; April, 73-98; May, 99-122; June, 123-146: lulv, 147-168; Autfust, 169-190; September, 191-214; October, 215-238; November, 239-262;
December, 263-288.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
Architect.
I'aKe.
Title and Location.
ADMLN'ISTRATIVE GOVERNMENTAL
McKinley National Memorial, H. Van Buren Magonigle-101, 102 Municipal Building, New York City, McKim, Mead &
White -- .. 148,151
BAN'KS, SAVINGS FUND
Chittenden County Trust Building, Burlington, Vt.,
W. R. B. Willcox 287
Guaranty Trust Company Building, New York City,
York & Sawyer _. ...152, 153
Union Trust Building, The, Winnipeg, Manitoba,
John D. Atchison & Co... 258-260
BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL Commercial Building, Baltimore, Md.
J. Harry and F. J. Thuman 287
Commercial Building, Chicago, 111., Perkins,
Fellows & Hamilton 144
Wellner Building, Philadelphia, Pa., Henry L. Reinhold-287 C(JURT HOUSES
Baltimore Court House, Baltimore, Md., Wyatt & Nolting.6 Cook County Court House, Chicago, Ill.,Holahird<S:Roche-5 New York Court House, Accepted Design for the,
Guy Lowell.. . 97
Shelby County Court House, Memphis, Tenn., Herbert
D. Hale and James Gamble Rogers .3
Westche>;tcr County Court House, Lord & Hewlett 4
HOSPITALS AND ASYLUMS Boston City, Burnliam Memorial Ward, Maginnis& Walsh. 126 Free Hospital for Women, Brookline, Ma.ss., Nurses'
Dormitory, Coolidge & Carlson 161
Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, Nurses'
Home, Boston, Mass., Page & Frothingham 126
Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital, West Department,
Kendall, Taylor & Co 125
Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the
Blind, Watertown, Mass., R. Clipston Sturgis-_ 154-158
Architect.
Page.
Title and Location.
OFFICE Architects' Building, New York City, Ewing & Chappell
and LaFarge & Morris 179
Croisic Building, New York City, Browne & Almiroty 115-118
North American Building, Chicago, 111.,
Holabird & Roche__ 21-24
Ofiicc of Henry Bacon .251
Office of Donn Barber ...197-200
Office of Ewing & Chappell 181
Office of Ford, Butler & Oliver... 252
Office of LaFarge & Morris . . . ...180
Office of Ludlow & Peabody 252
Office of H. Van Buren Magonigle. 252,253
Office of McKim, Mead & White. ._ .267-270
Office of Kenneth Murchison 254
POST OFFICES United States Post Office, Johnstown, Pa.,
James Kno.x Taylor 174,
United States Post Office and Court House, Providence,
R. I., Clark &,Howe 4
United States Post Office, Shelby ville, Tenn.,
Oscar Wenderoth 176
STORES Chicago, 111., Chatten & Hammond. 142
Chicago, 111., Chatten &• Hammond. 142
New York City, Restaurant, Walter D. Blair 104
Philadelphia, Pa., Charles Barton Keene 104
Sjiring Lake, .\. J., Brazer &• Robb 142
Washington, D. C, Marsh & Peter 142
THEATER Moving Picture Theater, A, The Orpheus, Chicago, 111.,
Aroner & Somers .. . . 233-236
175
EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS.
Title and Location. Architect. Page.
BOARDING SCHOOLS Hoosac School, Hoosac N. Y., Cram, Goodhue &
Ferguson _ 40
Hotchkiss School 40
Morristown School. Morristown, N. J., Boring & Tilton_39 St. George's School, Newport, R. I. 40
COLLEGES, U.XIVERSITIES Andover Theological Seminary, Cambridge, Mass.,
Allen & Collens.. '.. 14
George Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn., Ludlow &
Peabody 12
Piedmont College, Demorest, Ga., Beverly S. King 11
Rollins College, Winter Park, Fla., Whitfield & King 11
University of Illinois, Auditorium, C. H. Blackall .139-141
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.,
Cass Gilbert . . .. 12
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., Cope &
Stewardson 14
Western University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
Palmer & Hornbostel 13
Architect.
Page.
14
Title and Location.
COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES- Coiiiitiucd Yale University, Sage Pierson Development,
Charles C. Haight
SCHOOLS
Bay Ridge High, Brooklyn, N. Y., C. B. J. Snyder 178
Normal, Newark, N. J., E. F. Guilbert 162-165
Public School No. 172, Brooklyn, N. Y., C. B. J. Snyder.177
State Normal, Troy, Ala., Charles W. Leavitt 41
TECHNICAL SCHOOLS Alabama Girls' Technical Institute, Montevallo, Ala.,
Charles W. Leavitt 40
Jewish Protectory and Aid Society, Hawthorne, N. Y.,
Harry Allen Jacobs and Ma.\ G. Heidelberg 41
Loomis Institute, Windsor, Conn.,
Competitive Plan, Chas. C. Haight & A. F. Githens...41
Successful Competitive Plan, Murphy & Dana 41
Wm. M. Rice Institute, Houston, Texas, Cram,
Goodhue & Ferguson 13
Tome Institute, Port Deposit, Md., Boring & Tilton and
Chas. W. Leavitt, Jr. - 39
The Brickbuilder.
Index to Volume XXII., Jan. — Dec, 1913.
Ill
RESIDENCE BUILDINGS.
Architect.
Page.
Title and Location. CITY HOUSE
S. R. Hitt, Washington, D. C, John Russell Pope 27-32
CLUB HOUSE
Masonic Temple, Camden, N. J., Heacock & Hokanson 205-207 COUNTRY HOUSE (American)
The Thaw, Sewickle}-, Pa., George S. Orth & Bros 7-10
Page.
Title and Locatiun. Architect.
COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOUSES (Foreign)
Chateau de la Moriniere, France 35-138
"The Vyne" ^..5-88
HOTEL Grill Room, McAlpin Hotel, New York City, F. M. Andrews & Co 63
Index to Plate and Page Illustrations.
ACCORDLXG TO AUTHOR.
Architect. Home Address.
Adams, William, New York City
Allen & CoUens, Boston, Mass.
Andrews, F. M. , & Co. , New York City Andrews, Jaques &Rantoul, Boston,
Mass.
Aroner & Somers, Chicago, 111.
Atterbury, Grosvenor, New York City
Barber, Donn, New York City
Bigelow & Wadsworth, Boston, Mass.
Blackall, C. H., Boston, Mass
Blair, Walter, New York City
Boring, Wm. A., New York City
Bragdon, Claude, Rochester, N. Y... Brainerd & Leeds, Boston, Mass. _._
Brazer & Robb, New York City
Brown, Frank Chouteau, Boston,
Mass.
Browne & Almiroty, New York City.
Brunner, Arnold W
Buchman & Fox
Busselle, Alfred, New York City
Cady, John H., Providence, R. I..__ Carrere & Hastings, New York City. Chatten & Hammond, Chicago, 111..
Clark & Howe, Providence, R. I.
Coolidge & Carlson, Boston, Mass... Cope & Stewardson, Philadelphia, Pa. Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson, Boston
and New York
Crow, Lewis & Wickenhoefer, New
York City
Delano & Aldrich, New York City.__ Dougherty, Edward Emmett, At- lanta, Ga.
Duhring, Okie & Ziegler, Philadel- phia, Pa
Eckel & Aldrich, St. Joseph, Mo. ___ Embury, II, Aymar, New York City Ewing &• Chappell, New York City_- Ford, Butler & Oliver, New York City Fountain & Moratz, Cleveland, Ohio Fowler, Laurence Hall, Baltimore,
Md
Garfield, Abram, Cleveland, Ohio___
Gilbert, Cass, New York City
Gilchrist, Edmund B., Philadelphia,
Pa
Glidden, E. H., & Friz, C. N., Balti- more, Md
Guilbert, E. F., Newark, N. J
Haight, Chas. C, New York City..- Heacock & Hokanson, Philadelphia,
Pa.
Heidelberg, Max G., New York City Helmle & Huberty, Brooklyn, N. Y".
Holabird & Roche, Chicago, 111
Hubbell & Banes, Cleveland, Ohio^. Ingraham & Hopkins, Boston, Mass. Jacobs, Harry Allen, New York City
Kahn, Albert, Detroit, Mich. ,
Keen, Charles Barton, Philadelphia,
Pa
Kelsey, Albert, Philadelphia, Pa.
Kendall, Taylor & Co., Boston, Mass. Kilham & Hopkins, Boston, Mass. _. LaFarge & Morris, New York City.- Lee, Edward B., Pittsburgh, Pa.. ..
Lee, James S., Boston, Ma.ss
Lehman & Schmitt, Cleveland, Ohio
|
Plate. |
Page. |
|
|
191, 192 |
14 63-66 |
|
|
15, 16, 181- |
-183 |
233-236 |
|
69-71, 172, |
173 |
|
|
14 |
197-200 |
|
|
55-57 |
202, 203 |
|
|
133-134 |
104 |
|
|
93 |
39 |
|
|
177-180 |
||
|
35, 36 |
142 |
|
|
45, 46, 176 |
115-118 284-286 284-286 |
|
|
87, 88 |
||
|
62, 63 |
||
|
5-9 |
203 |
49-51
41-43, 167, U
91, 92
12
169, 170
28, 29
149-151 138
125-128 61
112
152, 153, 188 52-54, 135-137
124
116, 117
147, 148
113-115
176 165, 166
17-20, 37-40, 140- 106-108 24, 25 129-132
142 4
161 14
13, 40
179, 181
12
162-165 14,41
205-208 41
5, 22-24
41
173
104
125 93-96 -142 180
-Vrchitect Home Address.
Leland, Joseph, Boston, Mass
Lord & Hewlett, New York City
Lowell, Guy, Boston, Mass
Ludlow & Peabody, New York City. Maginnis & Walsh, Boston, Mass. .. Magonigle, H.Van Buren, New York
City
Mann & MacNeille, New York City., Mariner & LaBeaume, St. Louis, Mo. Marsh & Peter, Washington, D. C... Mauran, Russell & Crowell, St. Louis,
Mo ..
McKim, Mead & White, New York
City
Meade & Hamilton, Cleveland, Ohio Mellor & Meigs, Philadelphia, Pa. ._
Murphy & Dana, New York City
Nimmons & Fellows, Chicago, 111. __
Norris, F. E., Boston, Mass
Orth, Geo. S. & Bros. , Pittsburgh, Pa. Page & Frothingham, Boston, Mass. Palmer, Edward L., Baltimore, Md._ Palmer & Hoi nbostel, New York City Parker, Thomas& Rice, Boston, Mass. Perkins, Fellows & Hamilton, Chi- cago, 111
Piatt, Charles A., New York City ...
Pond & Pond, Chicago, 111 _'
Pope, John Russell, New York City. Rasmussen, Wm. W., New York City Reinhold, Henry L., Philadelphia, Pa. Reynolds, Marcus T., Alliany, N. Y. Richards, McCarty & Bulford, Colum- bus, Ohio ...
Richardson, Barott & Richardson,
Boston, Mass
Rogers, James Gamble, New York
City
Schmidt, Garden & Martin, Chicago,
111.
Shaw, Howard, Chicago, 111.
Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, Chicago,
111
Skinner & Walker, Bridgeport, Conn.
Snyder, C. B. J., New York City
Sperry, Jos. Evans, Baltimore, Md. Sturgis, R. Clipston, Boston, Mass.. Taylor, James Knox, Washington,
D. C.
Thuman, J. Harry and F. J., Balti- more, Md
Totten; George Oaklev, Washington,
D. C. '.
Trumbauer, Horace, Philadelphia,
Pa.
Wakefield, F. Manton, Boston, Mass. Walker & Gillette, New York Citv -- Walker & Weeks, Cleveland, Ohio .. Warren & Wetmore, New York City Wenderoth, Oscar, Washington, D. C. Whitfield & King, New York City . . .
Wilbv, Ernest, Detroit. Mich.
Wilder & White, New York City
Wilder & Wight, Kansas Citv, Mo._ Willcox, W. R. B., Burlington, Vt... Wood, Donn & Deming, Washington,
D. C.
Wyatt & Nolting, Baltimore, Md
York & Sawyer, New York City.. ..
Plate.
65-68
13, 64 145, 146 26, 27
171
161-164
80
79
30, 31, 109, 110
174, 175
147, 148
48 94, 95
1-4
58, 59 60
81-84 89, 90
122, 123
47, 139
10, 11
44, 187
154-156, 157, 189,
159-160 143, 144
184-186 97-105
77, 78
72-75
111
118-121
158
33, 34, 72-75
113-115 85, 86 96
32 21-23
Page.
55-58
4
97
12
126
101, 102
142
148-151
7-10 126
13
144
27-32 287
190
177, 178 42, 154-158 174, 175 287
176
11
173
287
6
152, 153
Frontispieces — Full Page Illustrations.
BYZANTINE CHURCHES IN (GREECE.
Title. .Month.
Church of Panhagia Paregoritissa, Arta, Epirus, Greece.January
Church of Kato Panhagia, Arta, Epirus, Greece .February
Church of St. Theodore, Athens, Greece March
Church of Hagios Vasilios, Arta, Epirus, Greece ..April
Church of Porta Panhagia, Thessaly, Greece May
Church of the Holy Apostles, Athens, Greece June
Title. Month.
Church of St. Theodore, Mistra, Laconia, Greece -July
Church of Ilagia Theodora, Arta, Epirus, Greece August
Church of Panhagia Paregoritissa, Arta, Epirus, Greece. .September
Church at Merbaka, Argolis, Greece ._ October
Cliurch of the Kapnikarea, Athens, Greece November
Monastery of St. Luke of Stiris, Phocis, Greece December
172-339
Index to Volume XXII.. Ian.— Dec, 1913.
The Brickbuilder.
Index to Articles.
Pages numbered 1-26 in the January issue; February, 27-48; March, 49-72; April, 73-98; May, 99-122; June,
123-146; July, 147-168; August, 169-190; September, 191-214; October, 215-238;
November, 239-262 ; December, 263-288.
Pajte. 169 19
.D. Everett Waid.
LL.B.
Part II. Part III. Part IV. Part V. Part VI.
179 197
251 267 225
166 187 209 271
Acoustic Desijjn in the Hill Memorial Auditorium, University of Michigan, Illustrated ....Hugh Tallant J
Architect's Fee, An - --^- ^"P'-'"" bturgis
Form of Agreement between Architect and Owner. Architect'.s Office, The Business Side of an
Part I. Office of Messrs. LaFarge & Morris and Ewing & Chappell . _
Part II. Office of Mr. Donn Barber _ -;-■-,: yv:"^"J
Part III. Offices of Messrs. Henry Bacon ; Ford, Butler & Oliver ; Ludlow & Peabody ;
H. Van Buren Magonigle and Kenneth Murchison -- -
Part IV. Office of Messrs. McKim, Mead & White ,t "" V.,;'iV" V
Architectural Acoustics — - Hugh Tallant
The Effect of a Sneaker's Voice in Different Directions. Architectural Juri.sprudence - — - William L. Bowman, C.E
Part I. An Architect's Compensation and Liabilities .-. --.- -- • °°
An Architect's Compensation and Liabilities
The Architect's Extra Work
The Architect as Arbitrator _
The Architect in Municipal Work
The Architect in Court . . . - _
Bank, Union Trust Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, John D. Atchison &Co., Architects .Editorial. ..---. ^3»
Brick Manor Houses of France Sidney Fiske Kimball 135
Part II. The Chateau of La Moriniere.
Cottages, Competition for Two Semi-Detached --- Report of the Jury of Award 182
Court Hou.se Planning -- Judge Henry D. Harlan 1
Croisic Building, The, New York City, Browne & Almiroty, Architects — - Editorial . 115
Editorial Notes knd Comments...... 25, 47, 71, 97, 122. 143. 168, 190, 212, 261
English House, An Old, "The Vyne" - --. - R- Randal Phillips 85
Gidea Park, The Newest English Garden Suburb - R- Randal Philhps 229
Grill Room, A Terra Cotta, F. M. Andrews & Co., Architects
Group Plans, Recent American
Part IV. Colleges and Universities
Part V. Preparatory Schools and Institutions
Hospital Construction, A Comparison between German and American .... Hospital Planning and Equipment, Practical Details in .
Part I. (ieneral Considerations
Part II. General Considerations (continued)
House of Unusual Architectural Merit, A.
The Thaw House, George Orth & Bros., Architects ...
The Hiti Residence, Washington, D. C, John Russell Pope, Architect
Houses, Two Groups of, Boston, Mass., Kilham & Hopkins, Architects
Land.scape Design, Architectural
Lattice — Its Use as an Architectural Embellishment.-
Parti. General Discussion, Illustrated
Part II. Detached Arbor Structures, Illustrated
Lighting of Public and Semi-Public Buildings, The ..
Four Parts, Illustrated
Masonic Temple, The, Camden, N. J., Heacock & Hokanson, Architects -. Measured Drawings — Italian Series
Doors from Bologna. Selected Profiles
House in Via San Vitale and Palazzo Tacconi, Bologna, Italy .
Cornices — Verona, Brescia and Siena _
Brick Hou.se and Chapel of Plazzo Del Diavolo at Siena
.Editorial. Alfred Morton Githens
Dr. John N. E. Brown.. M. E. McCalmont, R.N.
Benno Janssen
Waddy B. Wood
.Editorial
Ellsworth Stoddard V^.
George S. Chappell
63
11
39 73
123 159
7 27 93 55
105 201
L. B. Marks.
191,219,245,275
Editorial 205
.Will S. Aid rich, Del.
15, 16
37, 38
67
91, 92
Apse — S. M. Delle Grazie and Campanile of San Gottardo, Milan _■ 113, 114
Montefiore Home, New York City, Arnold W. Brunner and Buchman & Fox, Architects... Editorial - 284
Mouldings, The Design and Purpose of Aymar Embury, II. 239
Nantucket Pilgrimage, A, Second Part Hubert G. Ripley 17
North American Building, Chicago, 111., Holabird & Roche, Architects Editorial 21
Perkins Institution and Mas.sachusetts School for the Blind, Boston, Mass., R. Clipston Sturgis,
Architect ._. _ , Editorial 154
Post, George B., Appreciation of .Montgomery Schuyler 289
Quantity Surveyor, The Leslie H. Allen 281
Quantity System, An Appeal to the Architect for the Adoption of Sullivan W. Jones 215
General Discussion . _ 255
Rochester Railway .Station, Roche.ster, N. Y., Claude Bragdon, Architect ' "'.."Editorial 263
School, The Nonnal, Newark, N. J., E. F. Guilbert, Architect Editorial 162
Sounding-Boards in an Auditorium, The Use of . F.R.Watson .. 139
St. Patrick's Church, Philadelphia, Pa ..... Alfred Hoyt Granger. ".^„ ...... 69
Theater, A Moving Picture, The Orpheus, Chicago, III., Aroner & Somers, Architects Editorial 233
Tile Floors . _ ..Addison Le Boutillier 43
Unit Power Plant for Isolated Buildings and Small Groups ..Charles L. Hubbard.
Parti. Preliminary Considerations with Tables 33
Part II. Types of Ajiparatus and Plant Design... " "' '_ 59
Part 111. Details of Design "." ' '"" " " gi
Part IV. W^ater Supply bv Mechanical Means "' " 109
Working Drawings, Some Suggestions as to the Making of.. l"lll[" H.' Van Buren Magonigle.
Three Parts, illustrated 99 147 174
Young Men's Christian Ai;.sociation Building, Plamimg o( a \"'.[l[^[l[[[lll'.~Vi^'.]^"'. Louis' Allen Abramson." '
Parti. The Theory of the Plan * 49
Part II. The Theory of the Plan (continued) .. _ .'".".'"." '"' 77
Part III. Physical Department _. " 127
THE
BRICKBVILDER
ARCHEECVRAL
MONTHIY
PVBLISHED BY
ROGERS AND MANSON COMPANY
BOSTON MASS.
TIFFANY
THE GUARANTEED
ENAMEL BRICK
1203 Chamber of Commerce Bldg. Chicago
AMERICAN
s
ROOFING TILE
VITRIFIED
Manufactured by
The Cincinnati Roofing Tile
and
Terra Cotta Company
Main Office and Factory WINTON PLACE (CINCINNATI), OHIO
Agencies in Principal Cities.
Write for Addresses
Established 1856
Henrv M<
lenry iviaurer
Manufacturers of
HOLLOW TILE
&s
on
Fireproofing Materials
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
Flat and Segment Arches Partitions, Furring, Etc.
Hollow Wall Blocks for Buildings
GENERAL OFFICE
420 East 23d Street - New York
Philadelphia Office, Penna Building Works Maurer, New Jersey
BRICK, TERRA COTTA AND TILE COMPANY
M. E. GREGORY, Proprietor
CORNING - - NEW YORK Manufacturers of
ARCHITECTURAL
TERRA COTTA
In all Standard Finishes
New York Office - - 1123 Broadway
E. H. Thomas Agencies in all the Principal Citiet
THE BRICKBUI L I) KR
The Real Standard in Enameled Brick
The supreme test of any line of enameled brick is its white brick.
Hy-namel White has not the sHahtest trace of cream color or the bluish cast of super-white. True white, it is
absolutely uniform and will always remain so under all conditions. The enamel retains its color because it is opaque and consequently will not show- any discoloration which may take place inside the brick.
Hy-namel
Brick will not craze, scale or discolor when exposed to ANY climatic conditions. We positively guarantee that it will not.
Submit our enamels to any test — freezing and thawing, repeated many times, or other extreme conditions they will never meet in actual ser\ ice. We are willing to stand on the result of such tests.
But better still, see Hy-namels in any of the many buildings in which they have been exposed to the elements for years. That's the true test — the test to which any enameled brick you use will be put.
Our enameled bricks have set a standard of durability unapproached by a?iy foreign or domestic manufacturer.
Made in eight colors: White, Green, Cream, Brown, Blue, Transparent No. 501 (a light speckled buff). Speckled "B" (a light speckled gray), and Transparent No. 509 (a rich, dark, speckled brown).
There's a Hy-tex Face Brick in Every Tint and Texture
Hydraulic-Press Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo.
Branch Offices:
Baltimore, Maryland, 1 1 East Ix-xinirton New ^Ork City, KrcdenburK& [.ounsbury, m 4th Ave.
Chicago, Illinois, Chamber of Commerce Huildme; Omaha, Nebraska, Woodmen of the World liuiidmu
Cleveland, Ohio, Schorteld Buildintr IHiiladelphia, Pennsylvania, Real Kstate Trust lUiiidint; Indianapolis, Indiana, Board oKI rade Buddin, ^^,^. ^ ,^^^_|^,._^^^
Kansas City, Missouri, Rialto Building ,., , • ,. ,. ,- i i i> i r
Minneapolis, Minnesota, Security Bank Building Washington, I). C, Colorado Bu.ldmg
THE B R I C K B U I L D E R
INTERIOR, CHAPKL AT WEST POINT MILITARY ACADEMY
Cram. Cloodhue & Ferguson, Architects
Showing use of Giiastavino Tile \'aulting in the ceilinjr
R. GUASTAVINO COMPANY
BOSTON NEW YORK
THE RRI C K lUM L 1) i: R
111
New York City's Terra Cotta Line
There is no clearer indication of the trend of modern construction than the fact that more than half of the buildinjr material visible in the illustration is Atlantic Terra Cotta.
The ^Voolworth Huildinjr, the highest in the world, is entirely of Atlantic Terra Cotta from third story to roof; almost as ^reat a i)roi)ortion of the Hudson Ter- minal liuildings is Atlantic 'rerra Cotta. and many smaller factors go to make up the total.
And the total does not include the Atlantic Faience in the concourse of the Hudson Terminal and in the United States Express Huilding, nor the beautifully modeled arch over Chambers Street in the new Muni- cipal Huilding.
lioohlct OH rc(/ii(:sf
Atlantic Terra Cotta Company
1170 Broadway, New ^^)l•k
IV
T H E H RICK B IH L D E R
Gold Medals Paris 1900
Gold Medal
St. Petersburg
1900
Highest Award Buffalo, 1901
Highest Award Turin, 1904
Grand Prize
St. Louis
1904
Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Providence, R. I. LK FARGK & MORRIS, Architects
The tile pavement, walls, arches and vaulted ceiling here shown, illustrate to some extent the Faience and tile work executed by us from the architects' designs. The designs and colors symbolize and recall the virtues of the House of God. We invite you to see this church and believe you will agree with us that it is reminiscent of the best of the old work. We will execute your designs, or our designers, who have been educated to produce the best results in clay, are yours for the asking.
GRUEBY FAIENCE & TILE CO.
K and FIRST STREETS BOSTON, MASS.
THE BRI C K HUI L 1) i: R .
Columns extending through five stories in main facade of new Filene Department Store Building, Boston
D. H. Burnham & Co.
Architects
Executed in Variegated
Green Matt Glaze Terra
Cotta
Note the perfect align- r5s ment of all the work, although made in com- paratively small pieces
EXAMPLE OF WORK EXECUTED BY
Conkling-Armstrong Terra Cotta Company
Manufacturers oi
Architectural Terra Cotta in all the Standard Colors and Finishes
New York Office 1133 Broadway
Main Office BUILDERS' EXCHANGE, PHILADELPHLX
Works: NICETOWN, PHILADELPHIA
Boston Office 45 Batterymarch Street
VI
THE BRICKIUTI LDER.
MONROK m ILDINC;, CHlCACit), ILL.
Holabird & Roche, Architects
Elevator, hall and entrance vestibules complete, tvalls, ceilings and floors in Rookwood
THE engraving shows one of many suecessful applieations of Rookwood in reeent important buildings. We are prepared to eo-operate \\ ith architects in the production of the best effects in design, color and texture. A cordial in\itation is extended to all to investigate our products and our facilities.
The Rookwood Pottery Company
CINCINNATI, OHIO
THE m^ I CK RT I L I) i: R
\n
J. STEWART BARNEY ^^^. ^^,, STOCKTON B. COLT )
THE EMMET BUILDING, 29th Street. Madison Avenue, New York City
CAULDWELL-WINGATE CO.
Builde
A NOTABLE EXAMPLE of the SUPERIOR GRADE o)
Arrl|ttprtural ®?rra (Eutta
Manufactured by
jfetieral Cerra Cotta Co.
1 1 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY
MONADNOCK BUILDING. CHICAGO
vni
THE 1? R I C K B IT I L D E R .
O. W. KETCHAM
TERRA COTTA WORKS
AN ISLE OF PRESSING DEPARTMENT
SECTION OF FITTING DEPARTMENT
Dl^> PARTING from the usual custom of showing details of executed work, we have thought it wise to present in this first issue of The Brickbuilder in its new form a series of illustrations which are, after all, but glimpses of our Terra Cotta plant at Crum Lynne. This factory is modern, up-to-date and in all respects equipped to turn out the \ ery best class of work. Being of fireproof construction throughout there is no likelihood of delay in the execution of work on account of fire. These are points well worth considering by the architect and contractor. We have furnished Architectural 1 erni Cot.. -ry many of the hest of modern buildings.
Main Office: MASTER BUILDERS' EXCHANGE, PHILADELPHIA
New York Office: 1170 BROADWAY
Baltimore Office : BALTIMORE AMERICAN BUILDING
Washington Office : HOME LIFE BUILDING
THE B R I C K R IT I T. D E R
IX
HE NEW JERSEY ERRA COTTA CO.
Manufacturers of
High grade Terra Gotta in Polychrome Glazes and all standard finishes
By recent additions and improve- ments to our factory at Perth Amboy, N. J., we have greatly increased our capacity and have now one of the most modern and completely equipped Terra Cotta plants in the East.
We make first class material and guarantee quick deliveries.
Estimates furnished o?i request
Works, Perth Amboy, N. J.
Agents
li. IS Wi-st tGtli StiTfl, New York
Kiitirc fiiMit niiitt kIji/c
liiu'^'ard, Krskinc \ Blanden, Artliitccls
'lliomas I. Sti-iiiCo., Builders
Fiske & Co., Inc., Boston, Mass. Allan Ross Raff, Cincinnati, Ohio
Detroit Brick Sales Co., Detroit, Mich. Charlotte Brick C"..., Charlotte, N.C.
Krskine W. I'isher, New Orleans, I -a.
OFFICES, SINGER BLDG., N. Y. C.
T HE B R I C K B r I L 1) E R
Nfw f nrk Arrl|ttwt«ral ©rrra-QIntta (Enntpang
401 VKRNON AVENUE Borough of Queens NEW YORK CITY
Personal Supervision
W'c lu-licNcd in per- sonal supervision of production, quality, ship- ments, and all details of business. Chanfjes in transportation facilities enabled us to unite at factory office every de- partment of our business, and so fjive such super- vision.
VVe believed, and shall always believe, in per- sonal supervision by the .Architect of Architec- tural Terra-Cotta in the making. His concep- tions are being modeled — his i il e a s must be moulded into the plastic material.
Our plant is the plant |)ar excellence for your convenience in this regaril.
rHK HOME OF NEW YORK ARC HIIKC TIR.^L TERRA-COriA
One factory one management for twenty-seven years
The only Terra-Cotta Works in New York City
and how to get there.
ClTy Plant opNY.^RCHlTtCTUftALTER(?ACoTTA^
The red car im 42d Street, pass- ing Orand Cen- tral Terminal, and marked ''Long Island City," stops at the Vernon Ave- nue Tower of the Queens Borough Bridge structure. Passenger eleva- tors are in opera- tion in this tower — across the street from our factory and office.
Address all communications
Nan f 0rk Arrljttatural ®^rra-Ql0tta (!l0mpang
401 Vernon Avenue
Borough of Queens
New York City
T II E P> RICK H r I L 1) K R
XI
?i!kf,^«feu,
"N
icHi^DESLJ
^■'Sfiili..il.i]
Terra Cotta Details of
Normal School, Newark, New Jersey
E K. GUILBF.RT. Archiirci H. C, SCHNEIDFR CONSTRUCTION CO.. Builder.
Particular attention is called to the high (trade o( Modeling and Mechanical Execution of this work
nifliBB
^hr g>intlb Amlunj iltxra (Cnlta (£n.
MANUFACTURERS OF
Fine Architectural Terra Cotta . 150 NASSAU ST.. NEW YORK
Tplrphonc Connection
Works: Soulh AmJioy. N J
XII
THE BRICK BUILDER
KANSAS CITY TERRA COTTA and FAIENCE COMPANY
MANUFACTURERS OF
Architectural Terra Cotta
in Mat Glaze, Polychrome and all colors
E. V. ESKE5EN . President M. S. NEAL . Vice-president KARL MATHIA5EN, Director P. C. OL5EN . . . Director
HARRY M. GERN5. Manager
Manchester Avenue and 1 9th Street
Kansas City, Mo.
Tliis liuildiiif;. for which the architectural terra cotta was furnished by
The Northwestern Terra Cotta Co., Chicago. 1 1
is illustrated in dutail on pages -21-24.
THE INDIANAPOLIS TERRA COTTA CO.
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
m>
MANUFACTURERS OF
ARCHITECTURAL TERRA COTTA
THE BRICKRUILDER
xni
The American Terra Cotta and Ceramic Company
Manufacturers of
ARCHITECTURAL TERRA COTTA
Polychrome and all Standard Finishes
Offices
People's Gas Building
Chicago
Factory
Terra ('oil a Illinois
Detail for St. James R. C. Church, St. Joseph, Mo.
Eckel & Al.lrich, Ariliileils
We show on this page three patterns of roofing tiles which commonly are
called stock shapes.
We invite special attention to the Spanish pattern as this tile is one that has grown very much in favor with architects, and has sup- planted to a large extent the interlocking Spanish. This Spanish, called Imperial Spanish or Royal, is intended to resemhle more nearly the Old Mission type than any other pattern of tile. The Interlocking Shingle tile is the successful result of years of endeavor
to manufacture a tile with interlock- ing features w hich will give the flat effect of tiie shingle tile without its inherent had features. This tile has a ' " reveal, and unlike the Hat shingle
CLOSED SHINGLE TILE
The interlockingso-called
Continental shape has
proved a very popular
tile for almost any design.
It has been used on every
class of building from
the factory to the court
house, and as a serviceable
holds its place unchallenged.
All these tiles are high grade shale, burned to \itri-
faction, and can be furnished in the glazes.
LUDOWICI - CELADON CO.
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
is mechanicallv true.
GERMAN. FRENCH. NIAGARA OR ORLEANS TILE
liif'/niKitinn
I'uniiihal lipfiii
application
XIV
'1' II E H R 1 C K B U I L D K R
[/^//^VVV/VV<<VV/<<W<^<<<j^^^^<j^<<'{<<->>>>>>>^^>W^V^^
i
A ■A A.
V
5 5
V
?
?
■ INDEX OF ■ ADVERTISING ANNOVNCEMENTS
Boilers
H. B. Smith Co xxviii
Brick, Enamel
Hydraulic-Press Brick i'n i
I'iffany Knanu-i Britk c*\: I'iU- Co. . 2d Cover
Brick, Face
liradford Pressed Brick Co xvii
Claycraft Brick Co xxii
Columbus Brick & 'I'erra Cotta Co. . xviii
Fiske & Company, Inc xv
Hockinsr X'alley IVoducts Co. . . . xvii
Hydraulic-Press Brick Co i
Iroiiclay Brick Co xviii
Jewettville Brick Co xvi
Kittaniiinsr Brick &: Fire Clay Co. . . xxi
Kreischer Brick Miff. Co ' xviii
Ohio Mining & Manufacturinij Co. . xvi
Pearl Clay Products Co xix
Sayre & Fisher Co x\ i
Western Brick Co xviii
Clay Products, Agencies
Carter, Black &; Ayers Pfotenhauer-Nesbit Co.
XXI
xxi
Elevators
Otis Flevator Co.
Faience, Architectural
(jruehy Faience & 'File Co. Rookwood Pottery Co.
Fireproofing
Henry Maurer & Son . National FireproofinK Co.
Paints
National Lead Co. .
2d Cover 4th Cover
Plumbing Fixtures
'iVenton Potteries Co xxv
Publishers, Architectural
Roirers and Manson Co ^d Cover
John Wiley & Sons <d Cover
Frank Lloyd Wright id Cover
Roofing Tile
Cincinnati Rooting 'I'ile Co. . . 2d Cover Fudou ici-Celadon Co xiii
Terra Cotta, Architectural
American Ferra Cotta & Ceramic Co. xiii
Atlantic Terra Cotta Co iii
Brick, Ferra Cotta & Tile Co. . . 2d Cover
Conkling-Armstronn Terra Cotta Co. \
Federal Terra Cotta Co vii
Indianapolis Terra Cotta Co. ... xii
Kansas City 'Ferra Cotta Co. ... xii
O. W. Ketcham 'Ferra Cotta Works . viii
New Jersey Terra Cotta Co. ... ix
New York Terra Cotta Co x
Northwestern Terra Cotta Co. ... xii
South Amhoy Ferra Cotta Co. ... xi
Tile, Domes, Ceilings, etc.
R. (iuasta\in() Co ii
Tin Plate
American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. N. & G. 'Favlor Co
XXVIII
xx\i
Varnish
Fdw. Smith & Co xxix
Vaulting, Tile
R. (luastavino Co ii
Waterproofing
Samuel Cabot, inc xxix
Hvdrex Felt & Fngineerin"; Co. . . xxix
A
5 Z
5
V
I
I
r^
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO»»))3»))»)»»>»))»»>3>>)>33)}>>>:
THE BRICKBUI L I) i: R.
\v
I 111. Pl.Kl.Ol.A — \i:\\ "i OKK Ol IK i;
On the top floor of the Arena Building, No. 40 West 32nd Street, New York City, is the new home of " Tapestry " Brick.
Here, in five large rooms (three with skylights), has been installed the most com- prehensive and artistic exhibition of brickwork in existence.
Each room is finished in brickwork of a different color, in order that each may tell its own story without the confusion of the ordinary multicolored " brick shop."
All standard and many special bonds and a great variety of mortar joints are here exemplified, while there is a wealth of decorative pattemwork, tiling for the ter- race and interior floor, and a whole room devoted to the use of brick and tile in fireplace construction.
One of the rooms contains the Pergola illustrated above.
Architects and their clients are cordially invited to visit this unique exhibition.
FISKE 6; COMPANY. Inc.
Sole Manufacturers of " Tapestry " BricK 25 Arch St. Boston Arena Bldg,, New YorK
XVI
THE B R I C K B U I L D E R
l!
i II II II |l i|tii 1 1 11
I II II III iNijJ
I II II II I ^rEl^^"
MiiiMi I
lUlilll
■^"^ Ttm jTn^ -
lull I! I I '111
liUlll I I
I n
Seneca Building. Buffalo. New York McKenzie. Voorhees & Gmelin. Architects 235.000 our Porcelain White Brick used
Our Porcelain White Brick also used in the following . buildings :
City Investing Building, Broadway. Cortland and Church Streets. 650.000. Francis H. Kimball. Architect. Continental Insurance Building. 80 Maiden Lane. 730.000. D. H. Burnham Company. Architects. Western Union Tele- graph Building. Broadway. Deyand Fulton Streets (now in course of erection). 700.000. Wm. Wells Bosworth. Architect. Adams Express Company Building. 57-59-61 Broadway (now in course of erection). 1,000.000. Francis H. Kimball, Architect. Rockfall Apartments, N. E. Cor. Broadway and I 1 Ith Street. 100.000. Geo. and Edw. Blum, Architects. German- American Insurance Building, Maiden L«ne and Liberty Street, 250,000. Hill «! Stout. Architects. Broadway and Astor Place. 100.000. Francis H. Kimball. Architect.
Sayre & Fisher Company
Manufacturers of
Fine Pressed Front Brick
OF VARIOUS SHADES
Plain and moulded, white, ochre, light and dark buff, red,
gray pompeiian (mottled), and old gold; also Pure White
Brick with Dull Porcelain Finish, and our New " Persian "
Face Brick
SUPERIOR ENAMEL BRICK. SEVERAL COLORS
Re-pressed and Harvard Red Brick Hard Building Brick
We manufacture •.hrough the famous " stiff mud process " which produces a brick unexcelled in density and hardness
Office, 261 Broadway, New York City, N. Y.
SCHOOLHOUSE, BUFFALO, N. Y. Howard L. Beck. Architect
JEWETTVILLE BRICK CO.
INCORPORATED
BUFFALO, N. Y.
Makers of
Impervious Red Front Bricks
IN BOTH SMOOTH AND ROUGH TEXTURE
Shawnee Face Brick
IMPERVIOUS
VARIOUS COLORS AND SHAPES
"Indian
Brand
General ( Xrices
96 Wall Street NEW YORK
\\ Ork.s and Sales Department
Shawnee, Ohio
Made onlv bv
The Ohio Mining & Manufacturing Co.
AGENCIES AT C E N T K A I, POINTS
THE B R I C K B U I L D E R .
xvn
Bradford Reds + The Brickbuilder = The Satisfied Architect
WITH this issue, "THE BRICKBUILDER" comes to you in a new form and its policy of limiting PUBLICITY to only such firms as it can honestly recommend must carry conviction with its advertising copy
WE cannot be " ALL THINGS to ALL MEN," but we can con- tinue to furnish our "BRADFORD REDS" and "BRADFORD RUFFS " and guarantee satisfaction when they are used. Write us
Bradford Pressed Brick Co., Bradford, Pa.
66
GREENDALE RUG
99
Distinctly DiiTerent Artistic Beautiful Indestructible
In varied shades of brown permeated with purple and other tints from the minerals in the tlay brought out in burning. All producing in a wall MOST BEAUTIFl^L RUG EFFECTS
HOCKING VALLEY PRODUCTS COMPANY
Best Equipped Plant in the World (;i:ni;rai. oriK-i's
At Greendalk, Ohio Harrison Hldg.. COLUMBrS, OHIO
XVllI
TUK BRICKBUILDER.
Astrakhan Brick
This superb rough texture brick is produced in Buff, Onyx, Gray, Granite, Red and Brown, and is easily the superior of all others in shape, size, color and quality.
Samples and full informa- tion can be secured from us direct or from our agents located in more than forty cities.
Send for List
COLUMBUS BRICK AND TERRA CQTTA CO.
COLUMBUS, OHIO
Established IS86
Established 1845
The
Kreischer Brick Mfg. Co.
Manufacturers of the Very Highest Grade of
RE-PRESSED
FRONT BRICK
In Gray, White, Pompeiian and White Speckled
ROUGH TEXTURE RUG BRICK
Fire Brick of all Sizes and Shapes
131-133 EAST 23d STREET, NEW YORK
Works: Kreischerville, S.l. Tel. 5360-5361 Gramercy
q^HE IRONCLAY BRICK is manu- -■- factured in seven different colors ranging from an old ivory to a deep bronze and represents the highest grade of Flashed Brick made.
For composition, richness of color and durability, the Ironclay Brick is without a peer.
Standards, Romans, Normans and ornamentals carried in stock at all times.
The Ironclay Brick Company
COLUMBUS, OHIO
Western Brick Company
DANVILLE, ILLINOIS
ARTISTIC MEDIUM PRICED
FACING BRICK
IN ALL SHADES
SMOOTH AND ROUGH TEXTURE
CAPACITY 85,000,000 YEARLY
Two Entirely New Lines for 1913
Write for Catalogue
THE P, R I C K B U I L D E R
xi\
Two
Buildings
The accompanying engravings and letters tell the story of two successful buildings and two firms of architects satisfied with Craftsman Brick. Let us send you sam- ples and full information.
Brick
The Army and Navy Club, Washington, D.C. Hornblower & Marshall, Architects
The Woodward Building. Washington, D. C. Harding & Upman. Architects
Hornblower &. Marsha AftcMirccTs.
May 20, 1912
Gentlemen:
It gives us pleasure to otate that the tricka furniehed by you for the nev/ Array ana Havy Clut tullding have proven very sat Isfaotory. eepecially as to uniformity of color The moulded shapes, arches, etc. also correspond very closely with the general wall color.
The deliveries v/ere proript, and trtere was practically no de'lay on the building at any time owing to the lack of your material Respectfully,
,^^Air>f^- Tj^^O'/in/.tJ^
lEARL CLAYpnODUCTS COMPAiry, Bradford,
Pennsylvania.
HARDING S UPMAN ARCHITECTS
Hay 20, 1512.
Pearl Clay Products Co., BradforJ,
Pa. GenlleMOn:-
Replylnt to your Inquiry of lliu letli, as to Khether the services rendereJ by your Company In the matter of nhadlng and dallvery of brick for the Hood- w-ird BullJlh(> «cre oitlijfactory, will eay that they were entirely so
We also wlah lo eitpniue our apprecliitlon of your liiterijnt .inJ palnotjking efforts In faithfully carrying out the color blondlng upon which we deter- mined; tin: success cf rMch depended, to a lar^e ex- lent, upon yOijf co-opcratlcn
Very truly yours.
'^> *y>:\
"_^«i^
Pearl Clay Products Company
BRADFORD, PA.
XX
THE BRICKBUILDER
DOORWAY OF CHURCH OF ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL ST. STEFANO. BOLOGNA, ITALY.
THE B R I C K B U I L I) E R
XXI
Kittanning Brick
and
Fire Clay Company
Works, Kittanning, Pa. Main Offices, Pittsburgh
Manufacturers of
The ORIGINAL KITTANNING BRICK
GRAYS PEARLS BUFFS
RICH IN TEXTURE
IMPERVIOUS
Agencies
New York: Pfotenhauer-Nesbit Co.
Philadelphia : O. W. Ketcham
Chicago: Thomas Moulding Co.
Buffalo : John H. Black
Boston: Waldo Bro*.
Cleveland : Queisser-Bliss Co. Cincinnati: Moore«-Coney Co. Atlanta: B. Mifflin Hood
PFOTENHAUER = NESBIT CO.
ST. JAMES BUILDING, BROADWAY, Cor. 26th ST. NEW YORK
IMPERVIOUS
FRONT BRICK
ROUGH TEXTURE SMOOTH FACE
IN RED, BUFF, GRAY, MOT'IIJ:!), WHITE, ETC.
Enameled Brick, Roofin^r Tiles, Paving Clinkers, Etc.
Genuine -KITTANNING" llllijf Genuine "HARVARD llll^k
'BRIK-TILE"
A hollow tile with hrick f;Kc. N'arious colors and finishi ■•
FRONT nnir^L'c: hakvard
ENAMKI.ED DixlV^lVo VEI.OIJR
(il\l IM ll\R\ ARI) l?RI(KS, .\K(III> ANDSpICIAI.S
CAR ti:k, black and aykrs
11H2 BROADWAY. N. V. rhnne. 7f,I.V 7f,14 Mad. Sq.
XXI 1
THE BRICKBUILDER
Oi'inooR KxHiBir on Tmird Strhkt, Oppositr Stati; Capitol Biii.ijinc;
Coi.iMiu's, Ohio
IN the above exhibit are displayed twenty- two distinct examples of shade mingling and blending. Special blends are carefully assembled to meet requirements of Architects who specialise upon artistic brick treatments
"Velour Nap"
" Corduroy Nap
Claycraft "A'^elour" and " Corduroy" Bricks run in Gun Metals, Brow ns and Rich Red Colors
VOLVME XXII JANVARY 1913
CONTENTS
PLATE ILLVSTRATIONS
Architect
HOUSE, MR. BONN BARBER, NEW YORK CITY Doiin liarber
HOUSE, MATINECOCK, L.I Carrhe & //astiiiMS
HOUSE, ST. MARTINS, PA Duliriiio, Okie & /Jester
HOUSE, ORANGE, N. J Matin & Mac Seilte
SCHOOL, OILMAN COUNTRY, BALTIMORE, MD Parker. 1 Iwwas <1-^ h'ke
SHOW ROOM, PIANO, BOSTON, MASS. Richardson. Barolt & Richardson
TOWN HALL, NAHAXT, MASS. Andre:cs. Jacques &Ranloiil
LETTERPRESS
CHURCH OF PANHAGIA PAREGORITISSA, ARTA, EPIRUS, GREECE... -/••;w//«/';w COURT HOUSE PLANNING -I. ESSENTIAL REOUIREMKXTS.yWc^- //<?///t /A //arlan
lUu.strations from completed plans. HOUSE OF UNUSUAL ARCHITECTURAL MERIT, A .Selected by Ilcnno Janssen
The Thaw Country House, Sewickley Heights, Pa. GROUP-PLANS, RECENT AMERICAN-IV Alfred Morion Cilhens
Colleges and Universities. MEASURED DRAWINGS -ITALIAN SERIES Will S. Aldrich. Del .
Doors from Bologna, Selected Profiles. NANTUCKET PILGRIMAGE, A. SECOND PART lluherlC. Ripley
Illustrations from water-color and pen and ink sketches by the author. NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL., HOLABIRD .V ROCIH:, ARCHITECTS
Illustrations from full page drawings and photographs hdiloiial
EDITORIAL COMMENT AND NOTES OF THE MONTH. -
Plate
14
5-9
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13
1-4
10, 11
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Page
11
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CHURCH OF PANHAGIA PAREGORITISSA (THE VIRGIN OF CONSOLATION) ARTA. EPIRUS. GREECE.
End of thirteenth century. Typical of the last flowering of Byzantine art. All the patterns are fonnt'd of simple combinations of common brick, squared stone, and colored tile.
THE BRICKBUILDER
VOLUME XXII.
JANUARY, 1913
NUMBER 1
Court House Plannino:.
ARTICLE I. — THE EvSSENTIAL REOUIREMENTS.
BY JUDGE HENRY D. IIAKLAN.
THE court house is primarily the Temple of Justice, the place where the power and majesty of the law are vindicated, where wrong- is righted, where life, liberty, and property are protected, where g-reed and oppression are rebuked, and where virtue, truth, and righteousness must have their habitation, or our boasted civilization and repub- lican institutions are vain and unsubstantial shadows. More and more we are coming to recognize that our public biiildingfs should be dig-nified and imposing structures, that in their architecture they should typify their uses and pur- poses, and that they should teach those who look upon them that there is no incongruity between beauty and util- ity. There are sound practical reasons as well as real economy in making the public buildings of a city contrib- ute markedly to the beauty of the city, in making them impress the people with what they stand for and represent, in making the city itself a more attractive place in which to dwell and transact business. Every architect who is called upon to design a court house, one of the most im- portant buildings of any city or town in which it is located, has offered to him a rare opportunity, the sig"nificance of which he should not imderestimate, for service to his pro- fession, to the public, and to the community. Nor does this mean wastefulness or extravagance in the use of pub- lic money, or unnecessary and useless additions to the tax rate. The exterior of the court house, and of this I am now speaking, need not have columns, domes, and towers • or wealth of ornamentation and carving, to be dignified and beautiful. There is a beauty in form, in lines and in proportion, even in simplicity, which is of the highest order ; but whatever the size of the structure it should by all means be an example of good, sound construction.
Building committees and commissioners do not always appreciate the significance of these considerations, and it is often by no means the least difficult part of the archi- tect's work to make them see it. There is no model court house which may serve as a type for all others. Every state and city has its own system of courts. Sometimes a building- must be designed for occupancy by one court, exercising- a general and comprehensive jurisdiction and presided over by a single judge ; sometimes for a number of courts of independent and separate jurisdictions, each presided over by one or more judges ; sometimes for a court composed of a number of judges, who at times and for some purposes sit together, and at times and for other
purposes sit separately and in different rooms. We might almost say "Of making many courts there is no end." We have long been familiar with Appellate Courts and Courts of First Instance for the trial of civil and criminal causes, with Probate Courts, with Admiralty Courts, and Equity Courts. But we now have Commerce Courts, Customs Courts, Appeal Tax Courts, Juvenile Courts ; Xew York has a Domestic Relations Court, and the Chi- cago Vice Commission has lately sug-gested the creation of a Morals Court.
A constituent part of a court is the clerk, who is tlie cus- todian of the court records and indexes, is charged with the filing and jireservation of the numerous papers, issues all the writs and process of the court, and makes an accu- rate entry upon his dockets of the successive steps that are taken in every case and of the judgment of the court, con- stituting a conten-iporaneous history of everj- cause. The court too has its executive officers, the sheriflf or marshal who serves its writs and enforces obedience to its com- mands. It may fall to his lot to have the custody of a prisoner, who is on trial for his life or his liberty, of a refractory suitor or witness, who has been arrested for failing to obey the process of the court ; or he may have been required to seize and hold property, pending- a sale or other disposition. Then there are the bailiffs, the tipstaves, the criers, the interpreters, the messengers, juror+i, witnesses, suitors, lawyers, and the public, all of whom have to be considered in connection with the accom- modations tliat are to be provided in court house planning. Each court house is necessarily a distinct problem and the architect and building committee who would solve it wisely must understand not only the exact kind of court which it is to house, but must gain detailed information of the exact relation of the court to the public and to all its officers, with the functions which each has to perform and the amount and character of s])ace reciuired therefor. If we were to take the simplest form of a court, a court of one judge, whose jurisdiction was to hear and decide, with or without a jury, as suitors might elect, controversies arising out of breaches of contract or for the redress of injuries to person or property, this would involve a room for the hearing of these controversies, usually dcsig-natcd the courtroom, in which there would be prr>per accommo- dations for the suitors, their witnesses and lawyers, for the presiding- judge and the jury and for the several court
THE BRICKBUILDER.
officers, clerks, sheriff, bailiffs, interpreter, stenoorapher, reporter, and for such reasonable portion of the public as mig-ht be likely to wish to attend. This court room or hearini;- chamber is the most important room and domi- nates the structure. It must have its lobby and certain subsidiary rooms, the judgfe's private room or chamber, one and preferably two jury rooms, to which the jury may retire to deliberate upon their verdicts, and witness rooms in which witnesses maybe searegated when it is desirable, as it often is, to exclude from the court room all of the witnesses except the one who is testifying-, and which rooms at other times are useful for consultations, or for taking- care of persons who are taken ill, as frequent! \- happens in the court room, or for the accommodation of mothers with babes in arms or young- children who accom- pany their parents to court from necessity. All of these rooms should have direct communication with the court room and each should have toilet accommodations. The sole means of access to the jury I'oom should be througfh the court room, so that no communications with a jury deliberating- upon a verdict may be had excc])t imder the eye of the court. A model court room should also have connected with it a cloak room for the use of at least the jurors, lawyers, and court officers. Some of these subsid- iary rooms maybe placed in mezzanine stories and reached by stairs leading from doors opening: upon the court room. In addition to the toilet facilities provided in the rooms subservient to the court room, at a proper place in the court house there should be toilet accommodations ade- quate for all whose business takes them there, as well as for the i)ublic. Few of our cities have sufficient public comfort stations, though these are now recog-nized as an essential of the up-to-date municipality. Public build- ingfs afford an opportunity to provide public toilet facilities which should be considered. These should be an example of hygienic construction and cleanliness.
If the court has a civil, in addition to its criminal, juris- diction, wherever, as is almost universal in the United States, the common law procedure for the trial of crimes prevails, provision must be made for the Grand Jury, an inciuisitorial body, sittings in secret, inquiring whether there is probable g-round to believe that some one has committed a crime for which he shottld be put on public trial, hearing- sometimes a large number of witnesses, who are called before it one by one , and reporting the findingfs to the court , having: frequent occasions for communication with the judg:e, the clerk of the court, and with the official prosecutor, generally designated the state's or district attorney, for whom also it is almost universal, and highly desirable, to provide suitable offices in the court house, convenient to the court, the clerk's offices, and the g-rand jury quarters. The clerk of the court and the sheriff must each be provided with suitable offices. The number and character of rooms which each may require will depend upon the amount of business passing through the court. If the latter is an active court, constantly in session, trying:many cases, both the clerk and the sheriff will require a number of deputies. The clerk will require ample storag-e space for the con- stantly accumulating- papers, records, and dockets, and as these are public records they should be capable of being- stored so as to be accessible to the public and yet be under official supervision, to prevent destruction or mutilation. The sheriff will require, in addition to office room for him-
self and his deputies, one or more lockups, in which he may temporarily detain ])ersons committed to his custody. Though this is not usual, I believe that the sheriff should be provided, either in the court house orelsewhere, a store- room in which he may keep property taken under a levy and held for sale or other disposition under the direction of the court. Such a room would save litigants the stor- age charg-es which often make an execution fruitless.
As the court in reality consists of the judge, the clerk, and the sheriff, communication between these officials is fre- quent, and the accessibility of the offices of the clerk and sheriff" to the court and to each other is a matter of impor- tance ; but as the clerk and sheriff have functions to perform toward the public, the accessibility of their offices to the l^ublic must not be lost sight of. The court room and the offices of the clerk and sheriff should all be spacious enough for the present and provide for future growth. There are few of the court houses in the larger cities, even the newest ones, that, if they are not already outgrown, are not seen to be inadequate for more than one or two decades. Even the simplest form of court house, such as I have indicated, will offer to the architect an interesting study in heating, lighting, ventilation, arrangements, and construction. The court room itself is a hearing room and its acoustic proper- ties are of prime consideration. The room may be one in which a practised orator could easily make himself heard, but even if law\'ers and judges may be expected to be prac- tised in public speaking, it must be remembered that the evidence by which the causes are to be decided comes from witnesses, many of whom are in unfamiliar surroundings, are frightened or timid and cannot be induced to si)eak loudly, and it is essential that they should be heard, not only by the lawyers, but by the judge and the jury. Nothing is more tiresome than continually reminding witnesses to s])eak louder, while the jury and judge are straining their ears in a vain endeavor to hear ; and this difficulty should be diminished as far as practicable by having a room in which hearing isnot only possible but easy. The court room should be lighted by windows on hco sides and preferably on two opposite sides. The proper heating and ventilating of the court room are scarcely less important than its acoustics. The audience in a court room fluctuates considerably, not only from day to day, but during the hoiirs of the same day. The temperature of the room and the purity of the air are largely affected by the number of persons who are in it and the length of time they remain.
The i^lans and sj^ecifications of the court house niust take into accoimt the fact that all kinds and conditions of people come to the court room, the washed and the un- washed, the well and those bearing the seeds of disease, and it should be a room that is sanitary in its construction and ap])ointments, and that can be easily and quickly cleaned. The ordinary court room for the trial of causes in the first instance is no place for plush hangings, carpets, and draperies. It should be as sanitary in its construction and furnishings as the ward of a modern hosi)ital.
When we pass the simplest form of court house, suit- able for a county seat or small town, and come to the elaborate structure needed to house the complicated and varying system of courts provided for our larger cities, with their numerous j^arts and officers, the architectural problem becomes more difficult and complex. Its satisfactory solution can only be obtained by a full understanding of
THE BRICKBUILDER
the exact public functions the several courts pciform, of their interdependence and their relationship to one another and to the numerous officials connected therewith. The vital questions of convenience of arrang-ement, of heating- and ventilation, and acoustics are all presented in a more acute form, and the architect who, with the aid of the
into the court rooms must be screened of dust and dirt, as well as artificially heated in cold weather or cwled in hot weather, to a proix-r temperature. The nearer automatic a heating and ventilating plant can Ix; made the Ix'tter ; and whatever cannot be automatic should be as simple and as easily operated as practicable. I have seen the cheese
FIRST FLOOR PLAN.
SHELBY COUNTY COURT HOUSIC, MKMI'HI.S. TKNN. Herbert U. Hale and James rFatiil)el Rogers, Architects.
building committee, shall resolve them wisely has a task that may engag-e his best talents and most consummate skill. "Quo difficilius eo pntclarius " is a motto that comes back to me in this connection, from my college days. If he succeeds he should be ilhistrious. In many of our cities where unfortunately and unnecessarily the smoke nuisance still prevails, the air which is to be introduced
cloth cut from screens when it became clogged with dirt, because this was easier than renewing- it, and I have seen exhaust fans at the top of stacks left idle for long periods because the\- were difficult of access ff)r j^urposes of oiling and repair, and because, in the absence of complaints on the part of the patient occupants of rooms, the operators thought they could be dispensed with.
THE BRICKBUILDER
u. s.
The problem of acoustics is otten accentuated in cities by the street noises and traffic. If possible, the site of the coi:rt house should be sufficiently lartje to allow the build- ing to be surrounded by grounds or gardens spacious enough to remove it from such disturbances. The archi- tectural features of the building will not only be enhanced, but the grounds will afford a small public park.
The progressive city of to-day is concerned with city planning, and when a new court house is contemplated it should by all means be located so as to form part of the city plan or civic center where, with proper surround- ings, may be grouped the more important municipal buildings. Where it is not possible to remove the court house from the street sufficiently to minimize street noises, probably the best that can be done is to place the offices on the exterior sides of the structure and to have the court rooms opening upon interior light courts. This arrangement has proved very satisfactory in some of the modern court houses whose fa(;ades
are directly
upon busy
thoroughfares,
such as the
Baltimore and
Boston court
houses.
The court
houses of the
c o u n t r \' are
usually the
storehouses of
the books and
records contain- ing the evidence
iipon which de-
l)ends the title
of all real estate,
and every cotirt
house should, in
addition to the
other security it
affords these
records, be an
absolutely fire- proof structure.
It should not
only be fire- proof, but it
should have ade- quate interior
THIRD FLOOR PLAN.
POST OI'FICE AND COURT HOUSIi:, PROVIDENCE, R. Clarke & Howe, Architects.
FIRST FLOOR PLAN.
fire protection. It was not only the character of its con- struction, but its interior fire equipment, which preserved the Baltimore Court House from more serious injury in the great conflagration which befell that city in 1904 and saved the citizens the untold loss and litigation which would have
resulted from the de- struction of the land records stored therein. I probably cannot better close this paper than by accompanying it with the floor plans of the court house with which I am most fa- miliar, having been a member of the building committee under which it was constructed, and, as a judge of the Supreme Bench which occupies it, having sat in every court room it contains and heard it variously praised and criticized.
It is a white marble building, resting upon a granite base of classic architec- ture of the Ionic order. It cost, exclusive of ground, $2,261,110.38. The building committee, appointed under an ordinance of the mayor and city council, and unpaid, was composed of business and professional men who were
required to select the archi- tect and plans of the building by a public compe- tition among architects. The building com- mittee first se- lected a profes- sional adviser, the late Prof. Wm. R.Ware of Columbia Uni- versity. Under his direction they prepared a prospectus of in- formation for the use of the competitors . This informa- tion had been gathered from every person who had any cf)nnection with the courts — judges, lawyers, clerks, sheriff, and officials of the citv. These
SECOND FLOOR PLAN.
WESTCHESTER COUNTY COURT HOUSE. Lord & Hewlett, Architects.
THE BRICKBUILDER
were asked, in detail, what rooms they needed for present use and future g-rowth, how they were to be used, how connected, how located with reference to courts and corri- dors, what size rooms were required, what papers and books they had to care for, what toilet accommodations, wash rooms, etc. , were desired. All of the information was care- fully gone over by the committee in consultation with the officers and with their professional adviser, and after the reasonableness of requirements was fully considered, the prospectus was compiled and issued to the architects in a printed pamphlet containing a description of the site, the difficulties to be overcome, the accommodations reciuired in the building", and the rules of the competition. I am not here concerned with the merits of a competition, or the
Court, three courts of ordinary common law jurisdiction (called respectively the Su])erior Court, the Common Pleas Court, and the Haltimore City Court ), two E(|uily Courts, an ()ri)hans' Court, and a Sui)rcme Hench, at that time consist- ing of six members. The judges of the Supreme Bench sit together for a few purposes, but its members are assigned to hold the other courts, above mentioned, except the Orphans' Court, which has a separate bench of judges. I'^ach of these courts has its clerk or register, and there is one sheriff serving the pnK-ess of all the- courts. The care and custody of the record books, in which deeds, mort- gages, and other papers affecting the titles to land arc recorded, are a part of the duty of the clerk of the Superior Court. The court house was also designed t" accommo-
te^S
BASEMUNT PLAN.
FIRST FLOOR PLAN.
COOK corxTv coiTRT Hor.si;, Chicago, ill
Ilolaljird it Kdclie, Arcliitoct.s.
best method of conducting one, but as a result of the method adopted, a plan was found which offered a satis- factory solution of the problem, and when the names of the authors of the plan, J. B. Noel Wyatt and Wm. (J. Nolting, were revealed, being recognized as competent and experi- enced in their profession, they were appointed architects of the building and commissioned to give to the ]M-obk-m more careful study on the lines of the plan submittfd and prepare the detail drawings and specifications.
The building is not only notable for its architectural beauty, but it has, in use, proved in the main highly sat- isfactory. It was designed to accommodate a Criminal
date the bf)ard of police commissioners and the marshal and deputy marshal of police, and the library of the Balti- more bar. with its many thousand volumes of law lxM)ks. The site of the court house is a whole city blfK.k, and the surrounding streets are busy thoroughfares. The block was not large enough to withdraw the fa<;ades of the struc- ture from the streets, and the prf)blem of street noises had to l)e contended with. It was met, as I have previously indicated, by placing the more important court rrK>ms cm the interior of the building, with windows opening upon light courts on two sides, as many as six court r(K)ms and the record office being so located. As illustrating how
THE BRICKBUILDER.
difficult it is to anticipate the future, it may be mentioned that, inasmuch as but one additional court had been found necessary for the city of Baltimore in the preceding- quarter of a century, it was thoujrht that if additional court rooms were provided, which would allow the doubling of the Supreme Bench in the next half centur\-, this would be suflticient. The court house had not been occupied for a decade, when four of the additional court rooms were already occupied b.\- additional judges of the Supreme Bench and another by the judge of the Juvenile Court, a new tribunal which was not contemplated at all when the court house was planned.
The first floor plan of the Baltimore Court House will show the location of some of the principal court rooms on interior courts, and one of them, the Criminal Court, will serve as an example of a court room, of admirable dimen- sions, quiet, removed from street noise, well lighted and ventilated, sanitary, conveniently located with reference
unload in a court yard away from the public, and ascend to the lockups where they are kept until their cases are called, and they enter the court room from the rear and out of the reach of public attack or possible rescue. The judge also has a private entrance to his chambers, from a side corridor, and ascends the bench without having to pass through that jxjrtion of the court room open to the public.
It is not often, fortunately, that our public officials are in dang-er of personal attack at the hands of individuals, but there have been and may still be such times, and both convenience and safety may be proper considerations in planning for the entrance of tlie judge to the court room. The marble screen around this jjortion of the court room also affords a cloak room.
The modern court house is coming more and more to be considered not only the Temple of Justice but a i^lace where people may be taught the value and beauty of art.
-r" — h
[4rtL.fc
feD f^LOOK PlA
a!d
ri6rJr-Ci-go£. ■ pl-sa.
THE B.\LTIMORn: COURT HOUSE, BALTIMORE, MI). Wyatt & Nolting, Architects.
to the clerk's office, states attorney's offices and the gjand jury rooms, and with subsidiary rooms, sufficient in number, admirably arranged and answering well the pur- poses for which they were intended. This room is wains- coted in marble to the height of ten feet, and has a terrazo-mosaic floor, which can be washed in the niglit, and all the fixed furniture is of marble. The judge's bench is opposite the entrance from the lobby, and is in front of a marble screen of the same height as the wainscoting, which screen extends entirely across this end of the room and along that part of the adjacent sides which is behind the jury boxes. Behind this screen the jury retire to their rooms, which are in mezzanines below. The judge also retires to his private room behind this screen, and the prisoners are taken to the lockups in the basement, where there are separate accommodations for male and female prisoners, with toilets, and a room where they can consult with their attorneys out of the presence of the guard. The prisoners are brought from the jail in vans, which
where the noble deeds of the past and the present may be commemorated by great mural paintings, and where the l)ortraits and statues of great lawyers, statesmen, and cit- izens may be ]>reserved.
No architect could of course sacrifice the utility of his building or any part of it to jirovide spaces for decorations, but he may well remember that some of the wall S]xices may in the future, if not immediatel}-, become places for such decorations, and he may take this into consideration when locating such things as flues and ventilators and electric lights. I have seen a splendid wall space rendered un- suitable for mural decoration b\- a hideous black register placed right in the middle of it.
Court house planning is full of interest, and while there are some matters which are common to the ])lan- ning of all court houses, I must reiterate that each court house is a distinct and separate problem, the planning of which is worthy of any architect's best endeavor and most careful study.
THE BRICKBUILDER
A House of Unusual Architectural Merit.
THE THAW RESIDENCE, SEWICKLEY HEICHITS, PA.
SELECTED FOR TREATMENT HY BENNO JANSSEN, ARCHITECT.
I WAS requested some time ago to write a short article describing briefly some country house which impressed me as having- unusual merit from an architectural stand- point.
It has been my good fortune to find such a place near at hand, in Sewickley Heights. It is the property of jVIrs. Wm. Thaw, Jr., and through the kindness of the family I was permitted to take numerous photographs of the place and insjicct it thoroughly. In this house the unity between the landscape and the architecture is very complete, and the house looks as if it had grown from its surroundings in a very natural way. The proportions of this house are exceptionally fine and the grouping of the various parts is most successfully done. On entering the grounds from the main highway there is no sign of the house, only beau- tiful trees and planting, and only when within a very short distance of the entrance does the house come to view, as shown in the accom- panying picture, the first view of this charming house. As will be seen, the long beautiful lines of the place are con- trasted by the ■vertical ones of the poplar trees. In the next picturcwill be seen the ])orte- cochfere, which is a ver\' useful one as well as being good looking. Passing from the porte- cochere to the main house through a gal- lery of some length one enters the main hall, directly under the fine staircase, which is of great beauty. On either side are coat rooms, and
THE PORCH.
from Ikmv one passes to the garden site. The interior of the hou.^e is very charming and carried out in the best and simplest of taste, and it is seldom that I have seen an effect of such simplicity and artistic merit.
On leaving the interior of the house one enters a long porch, which can be seen in the ensemble of the house in picture of garden side of house. It runs the entire length of the house and is most comfortable. The view from this porch is ver\ fine, and overlooks a beautiful country on which there arc no buildings whatever and, hence, it gives the effect of a beautiful park.
There is a fine garden at one end of the house which is enclosed in pergolas, which in themselves are works of art, on account of their architectural simplicity and the mag- nificent planting with which they are covered. The little garden itself is exquisite in its layout, and I cannot descrilK- the beauty that impresses one ujion entering it.
On the other end of the house are the serv- ants' (piarters and serv- ice yard. This service yard is most skilfully and beautifully ar- ranged, as the i)ictures illustrate. The level of this service yard is nnich lower than the level of the main terraces of the house, and it is entirely surrounded by walls which are beautifully planted. In this place is also the drying yard, and one would be at a loss to find where this necessary i)ortion of the house is located. It is usually entirely too much in evidence.
THE BRICKBUILDER
ill
m m
STUDIO IJNTKANCK SIDE.
hca\'y walls, as the
The house is situated on the top of a hill, which slopes very jfentl.v in all directions and is a natu- ral site, which was not diffi- cult to build upon. The terraces are s i m p ] y of .ijrass, as will be seen in the l)hotosraphs, and it w^as un- necessary to H'round did not
build large, necessitate it.
Another feature of this estate is the excellent wa.v in which the stables, .t^arasje, and servants' quarters are arrantfed. They are built around a little garden yard entirely out of sight of the main house and at a much lower level, and the little buildings themselves are exeep- tionallv attractive.
In conclu- sion I wish to say that I think this house and groimds have all the chief u n d e r 1 y i n g' princijjles of good architec- ture and good gardenings, and it is merely for this reason that it is a success. The details and materials, how- ever, are very important in
the result. I regret that the photographs are not better than they are, as it certainly would be possible to get better illustrations of this place, but I hope that they will answer their purpose in showing to any one who is interested in beautiful architecture and landscape work a sjjlendid ex- ample, and one which is full of inspiration for the architect, owner, and every one who has anything to do with this sort of place.
KITCHEN WING.
.STUDIO 1JNTRANCI-; SID);.
GAKUK.N SIDE OF HOUSE.
THE BRICKBUILDER.
lO
THE BRICKBUILDER
ENTRANCE SIDE.
DINING ROOM.
THE THAW C0UNTRY;H0USE. SEWICKLEY HEIGHTS. PA.
THE BRICKBUILDER
1 1
Recent American Group-Plans.
IV. — COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES : DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PLANS.
BY .ALFRED MORTON GITHENS.
AS the older American colleges have retained and developed the Campus, enlarging it as much as exist- ing bi;ildings permitted, so in most of the recent plans for altogether new sites, the Campus forms the central motive. The plainest and simplest as well as the more elaborate have given it great importance; the central groups of Piedmont and Rollins in the south and the George Pea- body College in Tennessee are each nothing more than a Campus surrounded by separate buildings, a broad stretch of greensward bordered by paths or driveways with the buildings on the farther sides, just as the white- painted houses stretched along the marginal roadways of the Village-Green in Colonial New England. The long rectangular form has been changed to the " P " of Rollins College or the oval of Piedmont, or the T- shaped upper Campus of Peabody,' but the similarity is clear; the marginal paths are edged 'by rows of trees or even colonnades to bind together the sepa- rate buildings beyond them .
These three are not competitive plans, given as an architect's per- sonal conception, but the result of close per- sonal contact between architect and client. As a type they show several usual desiderata of col- lege trustees; for in- stance, in the wide sepa- ration of the buildings, that the wind may blow around and between them, in the possibly erroneous belief that
PIEDMONT COLLEGE, DEMOKEST, Beverly S. King, Architect.
more easily confined to one (this, of course, in a non-fire- proof construction); again, lliat tlie president be able to point on the plan to a certain site and say to a possible futtire donor:
"This is the hall you must give; it will be a lasting memorial ; you may name it Such-and-Such Hall ; it is a unit in our scheme, part of no other building, and its design and details you may govern, subject only. . ." etc.
The Peabody College, on a much larger scale than the
other two, is more formal and closely knit together in its parts, with varied levels of upper and lower campus and fur- ther extensions to the side beyond Hillsboro Road. The trustees de- sired that all l)uildings be connected under cover and had in mind the colonnades of one or two old Southern col- leges and perhaps the University of Virginia, which Peabody College suggests in otiier ways; there is the same com- position, and a stateli- ncss in its architecture without a hard formal- ity . The tree-masses of the Lower Caminis en- liance a certain softness, sweetness, hunianness — whatever one can call it — fin'tliered by several irregular grouj^s of trees remaining in the Upi>er Campus, somewhat as Thornton suggested for tlie I'niversity of Vir- ginia when he advised that " the site be chosen
ROLLIN.S COLLEGE, WINTER PARK, PLOKIDA. Wliitfielfl Sc King, Architects. Irreeularly shaped Campus ; Chapel as dominant .,n minor .nxis, which passe, lliroiigh Railroa.l Station and Stadium ; the whole an unsynimctrical composition on two a»es, defective in that there is no worthy building in place of honour at head of main axis.
in the woods, clearing out whatever is not wanted, chnni)- ing the most beautiful and thriving of the forest trees in handsome groves, and leaving straggling ones occasionally,
thus they are better ventilated; further, that a fire might be
12
THE BRICKBUILDER.
1 I k-l'i:CTIVH;, GKORGH PKAHODY COLLEGK, NASHVILLE, TENX.
Ludlow and Peabody, Architects ; Warren H. Manning, Landscape Designer.
Forecourt and Campus, Instructional Huildings, natural woodland to remain cleared of underbrush ; group at head of plan, Residential and Social, composed of Chapel and Fine Arts Museum surrounded by Dormitories. Sustained interest effected by the several terraced levels, each inviting exploration.
by which Nature may be so artificially imitated as to ])ro- dnce a perfect picture ..."
On the contrary, in the new plans for Minnesota Uni- versity there has been no attempt in any way to reduce the formality. Of the highest dig'nity, austere, cold ; with Campus conventionalized until it is more the nature of a Court of Honour, these plans outdo Columbia in severity and. recall the orig-inally accepted Benard plan for Cali- fornia, now discarded ; clipped tree-hedges take the place of Thornton's scattered clumps ; Nature is no longer "Artfully imitated " !
The "single great impression" has been attained — a high development and a direct and consistent of the Open Court, for which the Closed Court of the competitiv^e draw- in.g was thrown over. A sense of great distance follows the removal of the building at the foot. Whereas the c()mi)etitive i)lan's impression was limited by the enclosing buildings, that of the new includes the water-gate, the river and the shores beyond, far greater, a grou])-plan surpa.ssed in dignity by none of the other colleges, the expositions, or even the civic centers, Washington alone excepted.
Great monumentality, one is sometimes temj^ted to think, is opposed to variety. Boston College of the Jesuits has chosen variety ; wisely, since it is comparatively small, without the monumental possibilities of Minnesota. The premiated and second-placed designs show different points of view. The site is a curved hill-top, paralleling vSouth street to the west and sloping toward the east to Lawrence Basin. The second-placed design is a frank and absolutely natural expression of the topography. The curved Campus follows the hill-crest ; flanking the forecourt are the semi- public church and auditorium ; bordering the Campus are the buildings for administration, instruction, and the college chapel ; the court of the dormitories, or Houses of Retreat as they call them, is beyond, opening to the southeast, and the gymnasium and athletic field close the curved axis, segregated but united organically with the college proper. Except for the entrance tower set awkwardly athwart the main approach, and a lack of co- ordination between several of the buildings, it seems an almost perfect plan, bvit open to one criticism which prob- ably affected the award. Until all the buildings for in- struction should be completed, the Campus would appear
A Closed Court ; Water-Gate; present in the composition.
SUCCESSi-i'i. cciMPiniTix i: I'l
ground gently sloping toward foot of Court, then abruptly down to buildings on irregular oval above head of Court and not included
Composition cluinged to ()pen Court ; closely littinc contours; interesting development of abrupt slope at foot of Court, with Water-Gate, Classic Theater, and Botanic Gardens. Auditorium in place of honour, flanked by Library and Museum.
UXIVEKSITY OF MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Cass Gilbert, Architect.
THE BRICKBUILDER.
13
GENERAL PLAN.
WM. M. RICE INSTITUTE, HOUSTON, TEXAS. Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson, Architects.
Formal but complex arrangement of many small Open and Closed Courts, strongly united by lines of circulation ; Variety and Intimacy sought, rather than the " Simple Impression," therefore adapted to a gradual construction with group after group liuilt as required.
formless and straggling, and the same is true of the dormi- tory court, a fence lacking several palings, as it were.
The successful plan groups the instruction and adminis- tration about four courts so that one may be completed after another, as one Oxford quadrangle was comjileted after another, and the group may appear finished at each of its several stages. On plan it appears as a single composi- tion, the type formerly described as the Pyramid, with the Recitation Hall as the center ; but in reality this hall is little higher than the others, and its tower (actually changed to a metal cupola), insufficient in mass to dominate, as for instance the domed library dominates Columbia, not only by its greater height but by its simpler, larger motives and different material. In short, the Boston plan is a com- plex composition of four courts, the squarish mass of the four-fronted Recitation Hall common to them all.
The dormitories seem somewhat straggling, placed to fit the irregular ground, but being much of a size and shape seem casually dropped into their several positions. The exterior of the group seems, too, somewhat disjointed compared with that of the other competitor, and the gym- nasium as dominating the athletic field is less fortunately placed ; but the plan has the important possibility of sec- tional construction, and one .great quality outweighs man\- minor faults. Such a plan is elastic; positions of build- ings are not rigidly fixed and the several jxirts can be restudied as the plan is carried out.
Imagine this in the Cour d'Honneur of Minnesota, or the same Cour d'Honneur with several buildings not yet constructed ! To be sure the court could be finst finished and the groups beyond the side streets considered as future extensions, but such evidently is not the intention. One is somehow tempted t(j think the whole scheme too grandiose for its purpose.
Rice Institute seems to have solved this difficulty in a somewhat different way. The land is perfectly flat ; there were no existing buildings. The large central court was first surveyed, planted, and developed ; now the buildings around it have begun to be erected. The several sub- sidiary courts can be finished one after another, so at no time may the group seem a great attempt impractical to carry out. It is a curious composition in many ways, a series of open and closed courts intimately connected, rather original, and suggests the same author's Sweet Briar Institute.
A similar development has actually taken place in the University of Georgia. Seven years ago the college con-
sisted of thirty-odd acres with a .grouji of buildin.gs about a Campus similar to the Village (ireen in every way, oi)en at the foot, with separate buildings along the sides and the College Chapel at the head. Recent i)urchascs have added some nine hundred acres beyond the Chapel, and there one group after another is bein.g developed : the Engineer- ing group beyond on the main axis, the Women's College to the east, the Athletic Field to the west, and the Agri- cultural School at the head of great farms and w(X)dland beyond, with the various cotta.ge dormitories scattered about tlic side of the highroad ; a clever and an absolutely natural development, and therefore worth attention ; the develoiMnent of .group after group.
Group after group can be constructed, too, in the Western University of Pennsylvania, an Acropolis, a col- lege city crowded on a hill-top with plazas, streets, and avenues. Of course, a pyramidal comi)osition was forced by the site, and to better accomplish this, the central building in the later study of the plan here given was advanced to the edge of the slope, in the center of what was, in the comi^etitive plan, the Court of Honour. The lower buildings clustered about it, — the professional schools and laboratories on the terraced slopes in front, the library and dormitory courts behind.
So much for the classic plans. Altogether different principles of composition are develoj^in.g from the tradi- tions of the English universities. They first each con- sisted of two or three small closed quadrangles, exactly similar to the contemporary manor-houses, such as llad-
VISKI) ANI> ACt I
WE.STHKX I NIVKKSITV OF I'RNNSVl.VAM A , I'lTTSIUKCWI, I'A. Palmer & Hornbostle, Architecl.s.
In effect a College City, on a steep hill ; Pyramidal Compoiilion, 10 rnhanre whicli and prevent its foresliorteninK from below, ilie Central Ifuildins \% brought ff>t«ard to the center of what was the Court of Honour; Technical lluildingi around it, rrofes»ioral Sciioolt on the lower ilopea, Dormitorici in the rear.
14
THE BRICKBUILDER
K^
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don Hall. Doctor Kays, or Caius, as he preferred to spell his name, bitterly opposed the closed courts, and in rebuild- ing his own college at Cambridge shut in the southern side by merely a low wall, for better ventilation. The "Open-Fronted Quadrangle," Mr. Edward Warren re- cently called it. Trinity later sought to accomplish the same result in a different way. Wren built his library over an open arcade, that the wind might blow under it and thor- oughly air the quadrangle.
■ Among the first to introduce the English Closed Quad- rangle in America — at the University of Pennsylvania — were Cope and Stewardson, who held that the air of a quadrangle was not stagnant; that the wind blowing across the buildings struck the range on the further side and caused a convection current which swept the enclosure clean. They have had such faith in this that the later dormitories there show ciuad- rangles smaller than ever. But at Princeton and Br\'n Mawr the\^ developed what may be called y\'ci>/_i,ns, irregular buildings end to end in a con- tinuous broken line, at Princeton, for instance, several hun- dred feet in length, the dormitories of Blair Hall and Stafford Little, and the gymnasium. This is the type of that portion of the Sage-Pierson group of labcjratories now under construction at Yale.
The type fits itself to irregular ground, as in the rather erratic Richmond College, more erratic in drawing than in realitN' since the Ranges follow the crest of an extremely irregular hill and enclose a tortuous, somewhat star-shaped plateau at the summit.
On a flat site the Range of course becomes an Open Court, as at Andover. In this form it was perhaps first used here by Mr. Charles Hai^ght in old Columbia and the General Theological Seminary in New York ; but on irregular ground the Rani?e is at its best, following the lie of the land, forward and back, an Open Court here, a Closed Court there, natural, of a varied and interesting
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Cope & Stewardson, Architects.
of infinite variety and picturesque possibilities. Does this suggest a fault with such a plan as that of Peabody or Minnea]:)olis ? Either group will appear part finished until the last building is done. Before this happens a totally different construction may be necessary, just as the laboratories of twenty years ago must be put to other uses now. There is no way of completely varying the type, or II M after the court is finished of
I I — ' expanding, except by starting
a new group which will re- main unfinished in its turn. Arc we trying so hard to do things in a noble way that perhaps would be better if we approached them more naturally ?
On the other hand, certain donors will insist that their particular buildings be se]>a- rated from all others, and with a fre(|uent repetition of this demand the effective Range is sjxjilt. True, they have not taken this stand at the Pennsylvania dormitories, for each donor has given a " house " or set of chambers, which, though it has a sepa- rate entrance and is shut off at the ends with fire-walls, is nevertheless part of a kmg continuous building.
After all, the clients determine the style, and as long as they are all at odds as to what they want, there seems little hope for harmony in the design of American colleges. The architects are apparently as much at odds among themselves and the war goes merrily on. Formality seems pro]ier to some, the more formal the better ; a picturesque irreg-ularity to others ; separate buildings on the one hand. Ranges on the other ; classic traditions of the Academy and Stoa Poikile against Anglo-Saxon of the Hall and Quadrangle. There seems no tendency toward com- promise. The latest classic at Minneapolis is more rigid and cold than the first at Virginia, the last Gothic at Rich- mond more riotously irregular than the first at old Columbia or the comparative trancpullity of the University of Penn- sylvania. The types are steadily diverging, and as to a possible local college style, it has crashed into the gap
skyline, completely flexible, never appearing as unfinished, between them
SOUTHWEST COKNEK, .SAGE PIERSON DICVICLOPMENT,
YALE UNIVERSITY.
Chas. C. Haight, Architect.
Laboratories of Physics, Botany, and Zoology ; in composition typify the Range rather than the Open Court, an American development of the English tradition.
ANDOVER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Allen & Collens, .Xrchitects. Knglisli tradition, formally treated as an Open Court ; a connected series of various buildings.
THE BRICKBUILDER.
15
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VOL. 22. NO. 1. PLATE I.
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THE H R I C K B U I L D E R .
VOL. 22, NO. 1. PLATE 5.
THE BRICKBUILDER.
VOL. 22. NO. 1. PLATE 6.
HOUSE AT MATINECOCK LONG ISLAND
CARRERE a HASTINGS. ARCHITECTS
MAIN ENTRANCE
THE B R I C K B U I L D E R .
VOL. 22, NO. 1. PLATE 7.
STABLL
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CARRERE ft HASTINGS ARCHITECTS
THE BRICK RIM LDER.
VOL. 22. NO. 1. PLATE S.
THE B R I C K Bin L I) ]■: R .
VOL. 22. NO. 1. PLATE 9,
THE BRICKBUILDER.
VOL. 22. NO. 1. PLATE 10.
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RICHARDSON. BAROTT AND RICHARDSON. ARCHITECTS
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THE R R I C K B IM L D E R .
VOL. 22, NO. 1. PLATE I.T
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VOL. 22. NO. 1. PLATE 15.
THE TOWN HALL. NAHANT. MASS.
ANDREWS. JACQUES ft RANTOUL. ARCHITECTS
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VOL. 22, NO. 1. PLATE 16.
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THE B R I C K B U I L I) E R
17
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A Nantucket Pilo:rima":e.
BY HUBERT G . K 1 1' LEV.
IT IS now time to return to the square and there take a ten-cent carriage to the bathing beach. Here are all the modern appliances and plenty of clean white sand. Flocks and bevies of corn-fed Venuses, either taking a sun bath or dashing through the clear warm waves, lend added charm to the view. The pursuit of art need not be abandoned here, as Nantucket in all her moods is equally charming.
After a refreshing bath in the ocean, followed by a lunch or luncheon, depending upon the fancy of the voyager, the afternoon may either be profitably employed in further rambles about the town, or a little trip to some of the attrac- tions further afield. Only a very few of the good things to be seen can be mentioned. An essay might be written on the subject of Nantucket doorways, another on the "walks to be found on most of the roofs of the old houses, from which coign of vantage the departure and return of tlie old sailing vessels was watched. One mi.ght suppose that a piazza on the roof of a house would be a disfigurement, but these are all handled so naturally and unobtrusively as to lend an added attraction to the simi)le fagades. There is one house where a smuggler is said to have lived, in which a secret cellar is reached only by going first up on the "walk" on top of the roof. This is not generally known and was told us in confidence.
The Athenaeum is a fine Greek structure of the 1840 type the lower story being used as a public library, and there is a museum or Historical Society building not far away, full of marvelous wonders pertaining to a .seafarmg community. The old curiosity shop on the same street is a perfect microcosmos and pantechnicon of delight to the collector There may be found exposed for sale most any- thin"" the fancy could desire, from a pious tract containing an account of the death of Mary Ann Clap, only daughter
of jabez and Mehitable Clap, to a large saucer of eye stones, and a model of a full-rigged ship. Honorable men- tion should be made of the Ice Cream Cone Shop near by, where home-made, simon-pure, ethcrial, and flaky gaufrette cones, like mother used to make, may be had for a most moderate sum.
A triji to Nantucket without making a visit to Siasconsct would be only half a feast, and it is immaterial whether the jom-ney is taken in the morning or the afternoon. In cither case it will be necessary to do a marathon from tlie hotel to the railroad terminus after breakfast or lunch, or else hire a carriage and drive over in luxury. There is not nnich difference in the cost, if there are four or more in the party, as the railroad fare is sixty cents a round trip for an eight-mile journey. The railroad is a narrow g'auge affair with a prcraphaelite engine and two cars, which rattle and bum]) and bang, and back and fill and wheeze, and snort and scream and groan, and finally land one safely only by the grace of an all-wise and overseeing Providence. If the trip is made in the morning there will be a good ojiportunity, after wandering about the town, to take a dip in the ocean, and let the big rollers, that come straight across the Atlantic Ocean all the way without interrui)tion direct from Sixain, tumble you over and over and fill your mouth and cars with sand. Everyb<Kly goes in bathing at eleven o'clock. The beach is splendid and stretches for miles and miles in either direction, and there is no end to the amount of sand, dazzlingly white and fine, piled ui> in great mounds and hummcK-ks. so that when the waves up-end the bather, one lands on a nice soft surface. The combers are often of great size, but there is no under- tow and an entire absence of rocks.
Originally Sconsct was a fishing village, and the hr»uses comijosing it were used only ff>r a few weeks in the spring
i8
THE BRICKBUILDER.
and fall seasons, the fishing- being- pursued from dories launehed with some considerable skill through the heavy breakers. As little was needed in the way of accommodation, the houses are all very tiny and built on the scale of about six inches to the foot. Everything- is one- half full size or even less, and perhaps that is the reason why they look so g-ood. We all know our drawings look well at small scale, while the actuality at full size is sometimes appalling.
Rarel\- do any of the houses have a second story and most all of them show evidences of additions and alterations made by the sun-imer residents, who have pur- chased the old fishing- cottages and adapted them to their needs. Strangely enough these chang-es have not in the
least spoiled the original outlines, rather have they added to their picturesqueness. The whole village is perfectly ripping:, an ab.solute scream froni one end to the other with but few exceptions.
There must be at least a thousand corking sul)jects for sketching- purposes and innumerable variations on each theme. There are several " oldest " houses and, while all the types are similar and hanuonious, no two are just alike.
Sankatv lighthouse is at the extreme end of the villag-e
and i)ieturesciuely lo- cated on the high sand dunes. It is a pleasant little walk to Sankaty, and if a longer ranible is desired, one can keep on following- the shore to Quidnct, about a mile and a half further. This is a small settlement of a handful of uninterest- ing- houses and is called Sachacha, the site of the ancient Indian villag:e of Pee-dee, A.v. 1700.
The most curious and interesting: sight in the village is a g:ateway made by using- the two jaw-bones of an enor- mous whale as gate- ]iosts. This was surely some whale in its day, capable of swallowing, whole, a trolley car or a Bai)tist picnic. Each bone is about sixteen feet long: and of the diameter of a barrel in its larg-est parf.
After wandering- about until tired, and still not having- half seen all that is desirable, it would be a wise and judicious thing- to do, to stop in for tea at the " Chanticleer." This is a bully little place, neat as wax and far nicer and with better things to eat and drink than can be found in either Dorsetshire, Herts, or Bucks. The sandwiches are delectable, the cakes divine, and the tea steaming- hot and fragrant, with little puffs of spicy incense that project themselves from the kitchen in advance of its arrival. There are a number of these small tea rooms both in Sconset and Nantucket that specialize on various
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THE BRICK BUILDER
10
WATER-COLOR RENDERINGS - HU BERT G RIPLEY
••A NANTUCKET PILGRIMAGE.'
20
THE BRICKBUILDER.
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aliments, and when fatig'ucd from sig:ht-seein,^' it is a ])leasinff relaxation to visit the one most handy. Between Xantucket and Seonset are moors which are not the least of the attrac- tions of the island. Covered with scrub pine and low bushes they afford a variety of coloring which every jjainter delights in. Lonely fisher- ^'"*^ ■*"""
men's cottag^cs are dotted throughout the moors, some of which are commonly believed to have been the haunts of smugglers. To a visitor imfamiliar with New England
towns where many fine old houses are to be found, N a n - tucket is a reve- lation and de- light, Seonset is a b s o 1 u t e 1 y uniciuc.
After having once taken a trip to vSconset even the most hardened and blase traveler will wish to go again ; in fact,
one trip to the island only whets the api)e- tite for another, and the going soon becomes a habit and the departure a re- gret. To quote a celebrate d writer, " Nan- tucket is the A -r«.,tAx ^=.EePiAc.^ I'ltima Thule of
the poet's dreams. It is the rose of the garden of ocean islands. It is vain to try to set forth its many charms in the hojie of doing it jus- tice, — it is a place to dream in while there, and to dream about when absent. It is an earthly paradise." Quoting still another who has become enthusiastic, " A town seated like an
empress on her throne upon the rising shore and en- circling bluffs, and looking out on the i^eaceful harbor
and beyond the restless sea. Historic in respect to a
great industry,
now dead, the
nursery of noted
men and high- bred women."
In the little
l)oem entitled Seonset,
Bliss Carman
has i^resented a
picture expi'css-
ing better than
any sketch or
photograph the
beauty and at- tractiveness of
the island,
which will ap-
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who have l:)een
t h e r e , a n d
which will make
all others long
to go.
■^Typ
Did you ever hear of 'Seonset, where there's nothing much
but moors. And beach and sea and silence, and eternal out-of-doors, Where the azure round of ocean meets the paler dome of day. Where the sailing clouds of sufnmer on the sea-line melt away, And there's not an ounce of trouble An\-where ?
Where the field-larks in the morning will be crying at the door, With the whisper of the moor-wind and the surf along the shore ; Where the little shingled houses down the little grassy street Are grey with salt of sea-winds, and the strong sea-air is sweet With the flowers in the door-yards ; Me for there.
— B/iss Carina n.
y
THE BRICKBUILDER.
The North American Building, Chicacro, I
HOLAlilRI) «: KOCIIi:, A RCHITIX-TS.
THE North American Buiklino-, on the northwest cor- ner of State and Monroe streets, forms another link in the long: chain of higfh office building- development in Chicagfo. From the time of the old ]\Ionadnock Block. when composition and not conglomeration began to be studied by architects in the design of their building's, two main attempts at the solution of the problem have gone on. The first endeavored to make an ideal entity out of the complexity of motives. The composition became simple and well composed, with no accentuation of any one of the number of steel features forming its framework, whose actual sizes as conceived by the eye were not in proportion to their inherent strength, and whose functions had not the same simplicity as those of stone. The second, following- the line of structural expression, accentuated the main structural features, generally the perpendicular sup- ports, and developed these at the expense or forgetfulncss of the others. In the North American Building there seems to be a combination of the two above-mentioned solutions. It is designed as an immense glass show-case, supported by a lace-like framework of slender columns, mullions, and spandrels. Thus the entity of the building- has been striven for and the framework truthfully ex- pressed in the exterior features of the design.
The difficulties of the problem determined the final resulting- design. The main obstacle lay in the demand of the lessees of the lower floors, that as far as possible an unbroken glass front, esjiecially in the show window of the first floor, should be maintained. Hence came to be posed the project — upon a wall of glass three stories high, in which only a few of the supports are visible — to erect a buiUling sixteen stories higher, in plan 96 x 130 feet, to the height of 275 feet. To solve this problem was an engineering and an architectural feat which would have been impossible at any other period than the present, and yet in commercial com- munities the architect has often been called upon and com- pelled to attempt it. The Pylon treatments on the corners of the building partly destroyed that which the general design attempted to do, which was to lead the mind away from the distressing fact of a building held in mid-air by unseen supports. vSo followed the partie of an all-over glass treatment, and the selection of that style and that material for exterior veneer which would best subserve the effect of lightness and best express the steel-supporting framework.
The Gothic style, associated with concentrated points of support and least possible wall surface, with predonnnance of the vertical, with lines which run from the ground to the pinnacles, and with small projections, adapts itself well to the design. While in general the Gothic feeling is adhered to, a free adaptation of the English perijendicular with Renaissance motives have been intermingled in the detail, and except for the entrance arch there is not a single' arched window in the entire structure. The squarc- hea'ded windows, however, add to the commercial char- acter and show a trutliful handling of the need for good lighting- in the offices. Where the inspiration of the Gothic is greatest, in the arched entrance doorway and
in the baltlemented and pinnacled attic, the beholder is given the greatest pleasure, especially so by the attic and its delicate tracery, its perforations, its pinnacles, and its decorations.
This termination of the building is its greatest architec- tural asset and is one of the very few attemi>ts to depart from the monotonous line cornice which seems to be the box trademark of almost every high office building struc- ture in Chicago. No matter how beautiful these cornices are, they emphasize the roofing: line of the building- they finish off, and in a large city become tiresome without sloping roofs or towers to offset the grinmess of the masses. The lacework of acroteria tacked above the cornice only seem to smile at their own inadecpiacy. The North American is a very positive contrast to these, and may i^oint the way to better silhouettes in the roof lines of the future ; to balustrades and vertical motives, even if these must be at the expen.se of the cornice.
By restraint in the projections throughout, by the use of no decorations which would have unnecessarily- added to the initial cost of the building and be unaccounted for in the rental return, b\- comparatively small window reveals, and by having procured the largest amount of li.ght obtain- able by a maximum of glass surface, there has been secured an individuality or architectural character to the building which is bioi cii rapport with the type of build- ing which it pretends to be. This honesty of expres- sion and desig-n which places the building in the class to which it belongs, "not too great nor small to suit its spirit and to i)rove its powers," has been attained here.
Enameled terra cotta was the material rightfully used as the fireproof incrustation of the iron framework and as a decorative veneer to display the desig-n. There have been no new methods of handling- terra cotta in this building-, which have not previously been described in The Bkickiu'ilder. That by using terra cotta instead of stone one half the weight of a stone exterior was saved in the design of the steel, and that forty to fifty per cent of the cost of the exterior was also saved ; that terra cotta is easily fastened to the steel frame; that it is wash- able, durable, and one of the best fireproof materials, are all facts sufficient to exi^lain its use. The color selected was of ivory white, which carries out the light effect of the framework and contrasts agreeably with the more .somber and grayer buildings around.
The building looks its best when seen at a sharp angle or from a block or two away. In iK'rsi)ective at these distances the long vertical columns form in line and give the opposite impression than is received when the buildinjsr is seen in elevation. Instead of all glass the effect is that of an all masonry treatment, the windows lieing lost in the reveals and the resulting impression being that of a solid mass. At sunset, from Michigan and Monroe streets, or in the early morning north or south on State street, there are glimpses and touches of the vertical lines and pinnacled terminations of this building which are very iK-autiful.
The cost of the building was approximately $1,50(),(XX) at forty cents per cubic foot.
22
THE BRICKBUILDER
PIER CAP AT ENTRANCE TO OFFICES
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TYPICAL F-L002 PLAA
ORNAMENT OVER ENTRANCE
ORNAMENT OVER ENTRANCE
RESTAURANT ENTRANCE
ORNAMENT SILL COURSE. 2D STORY.
THE NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING. CHICAGO, ILL.
HOLABIRD a ROCHE. ARCHITECTS
THE BRICKBUILDER
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THE NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING. CHICAGO. ILL
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HOLABIRD a ROCHE. ARCHITECTS
THE NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING. CHICAGO. ILL.
THE BRICKBUILDER
25
I
EDITOR-IAL COMMENT AN D*N OTES ^ f FOR^THE'^MONTH
ARCHITECTS' FEES
IT IS of interest to both the public and to members of the architectural profession to note that during: the past few years a new method of computinj^' just compensation for architectural services has been experimented with and in some instances adopted by well-known and respected architectural offices in this country.
This new basis for computing comiicnsation is founded on the principle of charging- the client the exact cost of producing his work, plus a just fee to the architect for professional experience and service. Working with this principle in mind, two methods of determining the charges to clients are said to have been tried : first, — the practice of charging the client twice the amount of the salaries of the draftsmen employed on the client's work, plus a fixed sum (determined in proportion to the cost of the enterprise) as fee for professional service ; second, — the practice of charging the client four times the sum of the draftsmen's salaries employed on his work, in which case the archi- tect's professional fee is included in this amount. Radical as this new principle of basing charges on draftsmen's sal- aries may seem, it is claimed to be a just substitute for the commission basis, in fact one that is founded on the " per- centage of the cost of the work complete system," sanc- tioned by the American Institute of Architects. Those who have experimented with the idea state that it is in no way an attempt to do work for a rate less than the mini- mum amount upheld by the Institute, but rather a system which is fundamentally based on the six per cent principle adopted at the 1908 convention.
For years it has been customary for both the public and the architect to regard a percentage basis as the only available means of determining the just remuneration that an architect should receive for his professional services.
However, that this method of determining charges has for a long time been customary and recognized, does not necessarily mean that it is the only possible method of, establishing a rate of charges, and it is probably because the percentage system has not in all cases proved satisfac- tory, either to the architect or the client, that a new method for establishing i)rofcssional charges has been resorted to in some offices.
WHEN one stops to analyze the percentage system, when one compares the actual cost of carrying on in a well organized office different pieces of work which bring in identical gross profits to the architect, although the actual cost of their production shows vastly different in the deadly parallel columns of the ledgers, does this cus- tomary and long recognized method of charge, based solely and entirely upon the cost of the comi)leted work regard- less of the type of structure, seem logical ?
Regarding the situation from such a view-point, the array" of questions which immediately confront one are numberless. Should the architectural compensation for
designing and supervising the erection of a one hundred thousand dollar mill building or storage warehouse he iden- tical to the remuneration received for the designing and supervision of the erection of a richly ornamented theater or an elaborately detailed C.othic chaiiel, produced with the identical investment of capital by the client? Would it not be ]iossible for the architect to make an unreason- ably large jn-ofit on his work in connection with either of the first two enterprises, and might it not be possible for him to be forced to accept a considerable loss in carrying out his work conscientiously for his client when designing and supervising either the theater or the chapel? It would seem in these instances that the percentage system of ciiarging proved itself unsatisfactory, in the first cases to the client, in tlie second to the architect.
AT THIS ]H)int let us consider the (|uestion of whether there is any reason to supiK)se that the cost of a comi)leted building should bear any relation whatever to the time and money expended by the architect in studying the problem or in creating the i)1ans, data, and supervision necessary to enable the contractor to deliver over to the owner at the completion of his work the finished structure.
Is a surgeon paid for his professional services in per- forming an operation in direct proportion to the cost of the anesthetics that his patient consumes ? Is a painter paid for a portrait in direct proportion to the cost of the lead, oil, and canvas necessary to produce the picture? Vet are not lead, oil, and canvas just as much building materials to the painter as burnt clay, steel, and stone to the architect ?
Su])iK)se, for the sake of argument, we take the follow- ing exami)le. If a man were to go to a painter to have a sign painted, he undoubtedly would pay him less for the work than he would had he gone to him for a miniature, regar^lless of the fact that the paint used in making the sign cost infinitely more than that used in producing the miniature. The artist would be receiving a profit in pro- Ijortion to his skill and time exi)cnded on his work. Is this true in the architect's case ? Docs he not, by the per- centage system, receive more for the sign than for the miniature? If, then, we admit that the case of the archi- tect and the painter, however extravagant the com]iarison may seem, are to a degree analogous, doesn't this tend to make the logic of the time-honored ixr cent system of basing charges totter ?
But this is not all. There are still other (luestions to be answered. If an architect spends his time and his draftsmen's time unsparingly for the sole iniri>osc of cutting down the cost of erecting his client's building, without materially cutting down his client's rc<|uirenients, is it reasonable that he should receive less profit for such study and diligence than he would if his client could afford to invest more money and, by so doing, considerably facili- tate the architect's work (which is merely another way of
26
THE BRICKBUILDER
saying:, " Save the architect money " ) ? Is it then extrav- agfant to draw the conclusion that, in many instances, the more conscientious and faithful the architect is with his client, the less he receives for his work on the percentagfe basis ?
ARCHITECTURE is essentially a profession in which men sell to their clients the products of their brains, but of all the professions it is the one perhajis most closely connected and affiliated with the business world. An architect's best clients are business men, men used to the system of studied business organizations . Does the per- centagfe system seem logfical to these men ? Is it what they would term "good business " ? Wouldn't a system by which they saw how their money was being expended, by which they knew that the architect was impartial to the amount of their investment — would not such a system appeal to their business instincts ? And presuming that it would, does not this new basis of computing architectural compensations on the actual cost of producing architectural work for the client, and about which we will have more to say in our February issue, make a step toward the solution of the problem ?
BYZANTINE BRICKWORK IN (JREECE.
WE are prone to think of the architecture of Byzan- tium, like its history, as one of which the annals are brief. After its sudden glorious bloom under Jus- tinian, we used to be told, it declined to immobility and stagnation, against which the reviving art of Italy in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries had to struggle for freedom. As the veil of the East is lifted, however, we see an empire and an art fvill indeed of tragic vicissitude, but full also of irrepressible life and continued creation. Among its later products was an architecture little known, differing widely from that of St. Sophia and Ravenna, yet displaying the same qualities of beauty of massing and rich use of materials.
On emerging from the struggle over image-worship, which had disrupted it in the eighth century, the Byzan- tine empire, with marvelous ,and unexpected recuperative powers, entered on a renaissance both in politics and in art, justly called the second golden age. Between the middle of the ninth century and the end of the twelfth, under the Macedonian and Comnenian emperors, the em- pire flourished as scarcely even in the time of Justinian. The reconquering of lost provinces went hand in hand with internal prosperity and intellectual stimulation. Both Macedonians and Comneni were great builders. Though their principal churches and palaces there have now disappeared, travelers of the day without exception testify to the incomparable luxury and s])lendor of Con- stantinople at that period. The activity at the capital soon spread to the provinces, where it was furthered by the power and wealth of monasticism, especially in Greece.
In Greece during the tenth century were founded the most ancient monasteries of Athos ; in the eleventh, the great convents of Saint Luke in Phocis and Daphni near Athens. The artistic influence extended even beyond the political frontiers, to Georgia and Armenia, to Russia, full of monuments almost purely Byzantine, even to Italy and Southern France. Thanks to this new flowering, the Byzantine style retained a preeminence which it yielded
only to the victorious Gothic of the thirteenth century.
Hitherto we have been familiar with but few buildings from this period except .Saint Mark's at Venice, which we were a])t to regard rather as an isolated survival of the style of the early period than as an off^shoot of a living contemporary development. Only in the last dozen years has an awakened interest resulted in such scholarly illus- trated monographs as those of Schultz and Barnsley on the monastery of Saint Luke and of Millet on Daphni and Mistra, in M. Diehl's compendious " Manuel," in a grist of articles in the archeological journals. The Greek gov- ernment, alive to this rich heritage, has now carried out a comprehensive photographic survey of these monuments, side by side with those of classical antiquity. A series of unrivaled photographs, taken by the experts of the Royal Prussian Photometric Instittite with its superb equipment, and exhibited by Greece at the Roman exposition of 1911- 1912, has made accessible for the first time the great number of Byzantine churches scattered throughout the kingdom, with their wealth of unhackneyed detail and above all their masterly and charming treatment of brick.
The Brickbuilder begins with the present issue a series of Frontispieces selected from the best examples recently photographed. We will continue the presentation from month to month throughout the j-ear, accompanying same with descriptive text.
A HOUSE BUILT BY GEORGE WASHINGTON.
AT Glasgow, Ky., there is a residence built by George Washington in 1790, for General Spotteswoode, then Governor of Virginia, in which State Glasgow was in- cluded at the time. There is nothing remarkable in the architecture of the building, but in respect of construction it is very unlike modern houses. The walls are of solid brickwork, 36 inches thick. The floors are of chestnut, 2 inches thick, and laid with dowels. The original roof covering, part of which still remains, consisted of chestnut shingles, Yi inch thick, secured with wood pegs. The building was constructed entirely without nails, which were not manufactured in the United States when the house was built. The original windows were of glass imported from France, as this material was not produced in America at the time. The windows illustrate the wear and tear of structural materials, for it is stated that the glass remaining intact has worn so that it is no thicker than paper, and is readily broken by rainstorms. The house has not been remodeled in any way, and presents substantially the same appearance as when built one hun- dred and twenty-two years ago. — London Builder.
COMPETITION FOR THE DANIEL H. BURNHAM BOOK-PLATE.
BY beciuest of the late Daniel H. Burnham, architect, a new Architectural Library has been established at the Art Institute of Chicago, to be known hereafter as the " Burnham Library of Architecture."
The committee in charge of this library have decided to hold an open competition to receive designs for an appro- ])riate book-plate, seal or device, for which purpose two prizes, the first $250, the second $50, are offered.
By making this competition open to all wishing to submit drawings, the committee hopes to receive designs worthy of the memory of the late Daniel H. Burnham.
THE B R I C K B r I L D I-: R .
xw
The Hotel McAlpin
is plumbed with the best — as every building should be which is designed to make money for its ow^ners.
The Plumbing Fixtures are not only made of Solid Porcelain and Vitreous China — acknowledged by all sanitary experts the best material — but are of simple, clean-cut design — unob- trusive to the eye yet pleasing in their very simplicity.
T-' • it M
Ur t i i i
The McAlpin Hotel, New York
F. M. ANDREWS ANU CO.. ARCHITECTS \A/ith two private baths showing the designs in Sanitary Pottery selected and used throughout
The Trenton Potteries Com-
IpSLTiy^ made all these
clay fixtures — is making the sanitary pottery plumbing for many of the country's best buildings — because ARCHI- TECTS are coming to realize more every day the quality of the ware, how good the basic materials used and our method of employing them.
Competition is an element which every
Architect, to be fair with his clients, should consider.
The Trenton Potteries Company, by its method of marketing its product, throws open to any plumber who desires, an opportunity to bid. We do not take advantage when specifications are written on our goods — our prices being constantly in the hands of the trade. On them depends the percentage upon which they are ready to work.
Do you want to see the complete illustrations on The McAlpin Hotel? Ifc shall he very ylad to send the February issue of our Magazine which contains an exhaustive article on the plumbing of this job. Also a copy of our new LM Catalogue just off the press.
The Trenton Potteries Company
Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.A.
The World's Largest Manufacturers of Superior Quality Sanitary Pottery Ware
n
XXVI
'1^ H E B R I C K B U I L D E R
"Target and Arrow " Roofing Tin
FiK. A. Showing appearance of finished roof, with one seam unfinished to show appHcation of cleats ; thickness of sheets and joints exaggerated in the latter.
How to Apply Tin Roofing with Standing Seams
Fig. B. First operation, showing adjoining sheets turned up at rignt angles, with cleat installed.
Fig. C. Second operation. Projecting edge turned over.
Fig. D. Third operation. Entire seam turned partly over.
The illustrations show the method of forming the seams.
Paint the finished roof two coats. Use metallic brown, Venetian red, red oxide, or red lead with pure lin- seed oil.
Paint the roof every five years, and if you have used our ' ' Target and Arrow" tin you have a roof that should outlast the building.
Our 80-page illustrated booklet, "Sell- ing Arguments for Tin Roofing, " is the most elaborate treatise ever published on this subject. Shall we send you "V^ ^ ^^"''^ operat.on. Standing »eam completed.
j*_v,i. w « J showing cleat in position. 1 hickness or seam magni-
a copy ? fied. to show the folds of the metal.
N. & G. TAYLOR COMPANY of Philadelphia
The Pioneer American Tin Plate House. Established 1810
THE B R I C K B U I I. D E R .
XX\ 11
&r^
^
Continued Responsibility
The responsibility of the architect does not end when the keys are handed over.
It takes time for the house-owner to find out whether his house offers the convenience and com- fort for which the architect planned. It also takes time to test the quality of the materials used.
Interior and exterior painting will stand the most critical test of the house-owner and time if
Dutch Boy White Lead
and pure linseed oil in sealed one and five-gallon cans has been used. Be sure- to specify these materials for all your buildings.
National Lead Company
New York Boston Buffalo Chicago
Cincinnati Cleveland St. Louis San Francisco
John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia National Lead & Oil Co., Pittsburgh
fci
XXVIll
THE HRICKBUILDER
Water Tube Boilers
represent the highest types for Heating installations. Made in different sizes to meet varying conditions, they solve the question of true economy with guaranteed efficiency.
Capacity: steam rating 900 to 15000 feet. Capacity : water rating 1500 to 25000 feet.
Send fo?- ?ieiv complete catalog No. 858
N«). ;J4 Hoilcr
THE H. B. SMITH CO.
NEW YORK
WESTFIELD, MASS. PHILADELPHIA
BOSTON
Every Architect Kno\rs
m 553 A.S. <Sf T, P. m.
Sa (?®|i!)(i3[E)§ S®A?0K1©
The weather resisting quahties of copper. When copper is properly combined with high grade Open Hearth Steel, a superior rooting plate is obtained. All of our
ROOFING TIN
including the accompanying well known brands, is now made from COPPER BEARING OPEN HEARTH STEEL. Long service tests have convinced us that this is the highest quality and most durable Roofing Tin on the market. The weight of coating is stamped on each plate — a feature the profession will appreciate. Write for full information.
j^erican Sheets Tin Plate Compaji^
General Offices: Frick Building, Pittsburgh,Pa.
Cliicaijd
C.'liuimiati
DISTRICT SALES OFFICES = Detroit New Orleans New York Philadelphia I'ittshurfjii
Denver
Export Representatives: Unitkd States Stekl Products Company. New York City Paoilic Coast Kiiiresentatives: ITmtid States Steel Products Company. San Francisco. Los .Vntiili's. I'l.riLiml S
St. L(
■\J
i
h
\ ■
THE BRIU K BUI LDER.
XXIX
Kesidence of Mr. Ti. 11. Wnnl. Now Roohelle. N. Y. (Prpsidpnl of Ward Itrend Co )
Charles Hnrton Koen. Architect. Philadelphin. Pfl. FLOORS SOCND-PHOOKKl) WITH HVDHEX SANIKLOU DEADENING FELT
HYDREX-SANIFLOR -Sound-Deadening Felt
'^O part of a residence should be more sanitarily treated than the floors of the rooms in which we live and sleep.
■'-^ Dust, vermin, water, moisture, germs — lodge on the floor, and sift through into the ordinary absorbent floor
interlinings, which in time become a menace to cleanliness and health.
HYDREX-SANIFLOR differs from the ordinary sound-deadening materials. It is not only .sound-proof, but is also absolutely sanitary. It contains no grass or cattle hair to decompose and harbor vermin, but is made of a thick, soft felt with a shell-like, flexible coating on both surfaces, which makes it vermin-proof, water-proof and perfectly sanitary. Write for .samples.
HYDREX-NOVENTO
Waterproof Building
Paper
A tough, thorouehly water- proofed and coated, imper- vious and airtight sheathiuK paper. Clean, durable and odorless.
CHICAGO Vri He
THE HYDREX FELT & ENGINEERING CO.
Milkers of n'iilrrf>roo/ Fclli. Ruihling r.ifirn, Ilrailrtuvt; l-'fil. Knn/iiig!, Paints, rt..
120 Liberty Street, New York
:MiiliitMn Avenue \V \SJIIM 1 I ( )N Color.i.lc lll.lk- Fa.lorie^ II VTIW \ V. N .1.
I. X. L. No. 1 =—
(For Varnishing Interior Woodwork)
AND
I. X. L. FLOOR VARNISH
Carry this guarantee on every can : WE GUARANTEE
these varnishes as well-aged and made of nothing but hard fossil gums of superior grade, finest oil of special refining and pure
spirits of turpentine. No Rosin No Substitutes
They are made for the architect who wants the very best obtainable. On account of elasticity and freedom of working they cover the greatest amount of surface, and therefore are the most economical.
E.S.-
1827
&C0.
Artistic set of finished panels on request
EDWARD SMITH & CO.
Varnish Makers for 86 years
West Avenue, 6th and 7th Sts., Long Island City
p. O. Box 1780, New York City Western Hranch, .Ii32-.'M S. Morgan Street, ChicaKo
YnimK Men'nChrinlinn Awwrintien lllrtg . Newton. Mbob. Hrninerd A I.e<i1"i. Arrhiteet", llo«t«n
Entire Exterior Waterproofed by
Cabot's Colorless Waterproofing, No. 700
A wBterprnoftn([ioiii|i..illiHtlinl lian twen prore.l liy over Tirrnlii Vrnrt- •irliinl .... in all parts of tlie e.Mintr) . Kvery hriek irall «lirnil<l be wali-rproofert — neommen l>ri(k will BliKorh a pint o'( water. The ColorleM Waterprooflng !• »l»o ln«<l» will. r>ur fine ntain pigmentn aiMetl, an<l
Cabot's Waterproof Brick and Cement Stains
((ive Leant if nl. wilt i<il..rini[ efTerti.. renloring t lie tone !.• ol.l «n.l fa.lert hrnkw.itk anil inakinft it look like new, an<l Aninhinii eement, pl»««er or ronerete in liar inonionn tonea. The eolora are natnr«l. without (jloM. •nil <lo not apoll Ih" teitnren.
Knll information wnt on re.pieat.
SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Boston, Mass.
Mnnufaclurinii Chcmi*t«
\l.» IlROADVfAT. ».» VOHK :1.')" l>KAKIlOK> A\ R., fllir A«^. •
AaKXTI AM.'oTBa TOT ror»T»T
Cabot'8 Deafeninjr (Juilt -Cahnt's rrcoBotc ShinRlp Stains I'lastprbond Damp-proofinir
XXX
THE B R I C K B U I L D E R
The Elevators of Unlimited Capabilities
Otis Elevators have been cliosen for most of the world renow ned buildings, of every kind, in this country and abroad. Otis P^levators ha\e demonstrated they are unapproached in
Quality, Safety, Efficiency, Economy, and Durability
Back of our product is fifty-five years' experience and success in solving all kinds of elevator problems. We build all types of passenger and freight elevators for every purpose — for e\ery kind of power. Otis Elevators should be used for modernizing old buildings and for ensuring the greatest convenience, economy, and satisfaction in the new.
Otis Elevator Company
. and Twenty-sixth St., New York
i
JOHN WILEY & SONS
43 and 45 EAST 19th ST., NEW YORK CITY
London : Chapman & Hall, Ltd. Montreal, Canada : Renouf Publishing Co. Freitag's Fire Prevention and Fire Protection as Applied to Building Construction
A Handbook of Theory and Practice
By Joseph Kendall Freitag, B.S., C.E., Associate Member American Society Civil En^neers, Sub. Member National Fire Pro- tecuon Association, Sub. Member British Fire Prevention Committee. 16mo, viii + 1038 paces. 395 figures, including line and half-tone cuts. Morocco, j54. 00 net. r-s » s , -6
Mr. Freitag has presented in this volume the present status of fire-resistance as applied to buildings, which will prove of practical value to architects, constructionists and underwriters ; also tliose preventive means and those broad principles of scientific fire protective design, without which constructive details are often of little avail.
This book has received favorable commendation from the leading authorities, such as Franklin B. Ware, formerly Architect for the State of New York; Franklin H. Wentworth, Secretary and Treasurer National Fire Protection Association; Gorha'm Dana, Manager, The Underwriters' Bureau of ^ New England; C. H. Blackall, Architect, 20 Beacon St., Boston; Edward T. Cainis, General Agent, U. S. Branch North British & Mercantile Insurance Co.
Ries' Building Stones and Clay Products
A Handbook for Architects
'By Heinrich Ries, Ph.D., Professor of Economic Geology in Cornell University. 8vo, xiii -j-415 pages, 59 plates, including full-page half-tones and maps, 20 figures in the text. Cloth, $3.00 net.
Gives the fundamentally important facts, and takes up the more important occurrences of building stone. Contains a list of structures in which the more important building stones have been placed.
Greene's Elements of Heating and Ventilation
A Text-Book for Technical Students and a Reference Book for Engineers
By Arthur M. Greene, Jr., Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. 8vo, vi -|- 324 pages, 223
figures. Cloth, $2.50 net.
This book brings together, in logical order and in a small volume, the necessary data from which to design the heating and ventilating systems of buildings.
"Ausgefiihrte Bautenund Entwiirfe von Frank Lloyd Wright''
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One Hundred Bungalows
Tiie title of a 120 page booklet which contains one hundred designs for houses of the Bungalow type sub- mitted in the competition recently conducted by THE BRICKBUILDER
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Price, 50 cents
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Look for the word "NATCO" on each tile. It means the genuine
NATCO •HOLLOV\/'TILE
The great demand that has developed for NATCO HOLLOW TILE has led to many imitations — in design £aid general appearance.
Tliese imitations when submitted in sample — and always quoted at a lower price — may often compare with " NATCO/* but the vital difference invariably becomes apparent when the material is delivered in quantities for actual construction. Their use results in the depreciation of the investment worth of the building.
Only the genuine " NATCO " has behind it the invcJuable fireproofing experience zind the modem equipment of the NationeJ Fire Proofing Company. No other company czui offer such a record as this one has for supplying the methods and materials employed in fireproofing most of America's great business and public structures.
" NATCO " costs little more than imitations, but the profitable advzintages resulting from its use make it the least expensive to buy.
NATCO HOLLOW TILE is fireproof, decay-proof, moisture-proof, and vermin-proof. It is rapidly superseding older and less practicable forms of construction for all moderate- sized buildings, residence, commercial and industrial. Buildings constructed of " NATCO " are cooler in Summer and warmer in Winter.
NATION/MjFD^B PRCS^FING' CX>/ViPy\NY •
NEW YORK
PITTSBURGH
TWENTY-SIX FACTORIES IN THE UNITED STATES
CHICAGO
BE
a
THE BARTA PRESS, BOSTON
VOLVME XXII
FEBRVARY 1913
NVMBER 2
CONTENTS
PLATE ILLVSTRATIONS
Architect
Plate
CHURCH, KHiST OF CHRIST, SCHCNTIST, WASHINGTON, I). C. --
Marsh ami Peter & E. D. Kyerson Zf^, 11
HOSPITAL, THE RUPTURED AND CRIPPLED, NEW YORK C\T\ -.--York & Saivyer 21-23
HOUSE, COUNTRY, ON LONG ISLAND, N. Y I.a Far^e & Morris 17-19
HOUSE, COUNTRY, MILTON, MASS. Jas. S. I.ee 24.25
HOUSE, SUHURBAN, NEW HAVEN, CONN Murphy & Dana 30,31
HOUSE, CITY, WASHINGTON, D. C Wood, Donn & Deming 32
LIBRARY, EASTHAMPTON, EASTHAMPTON, L. I. Aymar Embury 11 . 28,29
STABLE, ON LONG ISLAND, N. Y. .--. ..I.a Fari;e & Miyrris 2<)
LETTERPRESS
CHURCH OF KATO PANHAGIA, ARTA, EPIRUS, GREECE. Frontispiece
HOUSE OF UNUSUAL ARCHITECTURAL MERIT, A .Selected by Waddy D. Wood
The Hitt Residence, Washington. D. C. John Russell Pope, Architect.
Illustrations from photographs and scale drawings. UNIT POWER PLANT FOR ISOLATED BUILDINGS AND SMALL GROUPS.
I. Preliminary Considerations with Tables - Charles L. Hubbard
MEASURED DRAWINGS- ITALIAN SERIES - "W*>'- .//'/''■"''. net.
House in Via San Vitale and Palazzo Tacconi, Bologna, Italy. GROUP-PLANS, RECENT AMERICAN. -V ....Alfred Morton Cithens
Preparatory Schools and Institutions. TILE FLOORS - — - ....Addison B. I.e Boutillier
Illustrations from drawings.
Page
27
33
3S
39 43
EDITORIAL COMMENT AND NOTES OF THE MONTH
N EW YORK
PVBLISHED MONTHLY BY
ROCERS*'"'MANSON COMPANY
B O 5 T O N
D Ai DM I>f INHOLD RVSSELL F WHITIHEAD
'i;.VrP:TTJc" 0:.MM... post O.MCt M »CO».>-C.ASSMM..MT,.M..CH.,...„CO>..,CKT.,U »V .OC.,S -MAH^OH COM.».V
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
For the United States. iU in.ular possewions and Cuba. $5.00 per year
For Canad" $3.50 per year For Foreign Coun.rie. in .he Po.t.l Un.on. $6.00 per year
All copirs TTtailcd n«I Trade supplied by »Kr Ammc^n Newi Company and itt branch^.
I'holo by the Royal Prussian rhotomelric InsiHule.
CHURCH OF KATO PANHAGIA. ARTA. EPIRUS. GREECE.
Stone and common brick, cut to shape for friezes and panels.
THE BRICKBVILDER
FEBRYARY, 1913
VOLVME XXII.
N\'MHKR 2.
A House of Unusual Architectural Merit.
THE IIITT RESIDENCE, WASHINGTON, I). C.
JOHN RUSSICI-I. I'OPK, AKCIIITIXT. SELECTED KOR TREATMICNT BY WADDV li. WOOD, ARCHITECT.
IN writing- an article to accompany the beautiful illus- trations of the Hitt house in Washington, it does not seem necessary to g^o into any technical description of the plan, and style, and material, but rather to try, if possi- ble, to point out the general reasons why it is so much more satisfying than most residences being designed to-day.
During a visit to Venice a few years ago, I was sitting on the plaza of St. Mark's with two architects, in view of
all it is the better architecture. It may not be as satis- fying structurally ; it may not have its ornament arranged as we are taught to believe it should be ; its composition maybe is peculiar ; and yet we architects and laymen alike love to look at it. If this result is obtained, it is good architecture ; and I have reached the conclusion that in criticism we should try to discover why the good is good .
The Hitt house is as good as the Doges Palace because
n25T tLOOE PLAA si: Alt M M w I I ^=3- f-taT
6tCO/1D tLOOJZ FM/t
un/fc- eoon
H \
THE HITT RE.SIDEXCE, WA.SHINGTON, D. C.
John Russell Pope, Arcliiteit.
the wonderful Renaissance Library by Sansovino, and the majestic old Doges Palace. I asked them which they thought was the better piece of architecture and they both said, "The Library." I then asked them which they would rather look at and they both answered. " The Doges Palace." I agreed with them at the time and then began to wonder why, and arrived at the one and only conclusion, which is. that the Doges Palace is the more charming because it is the more human, and being human, after
it is human ; and it takes a thinker and not a draftsman to make a new building human. Mr. P«)i)e has the rare (luality of being both, which I believe is rather imusual. The Doges Palace is human because of the countless ages of humanity that have left their impress on it as well as because the original designer constructed it to tell the story of his time. A new house has to be l)orn with a voice, to speak to peojilc as the D«)ges Palace does.
The Hitt house is formal without being stiflF. simple
28
THE B RIC K BIT I LDER
RESIDENCE OF MRS. S. R. HITT. WASHINGTON. D. C.
JOHN RUSSELL POPE. ARCHITECT
.DEmiL Of FRONT
THE B R I C K R r I L D E R .
I !
RESIDENCE OF MRS. S. R. HITT. WASHINGTON D. C. JOHN RUSSELL POPE. ARCHITECT
30
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THE RR UK Br I LDKR
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SCALE DETAIL OF DINING ROOM
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RESIDENCE OF MRS. S. R. HITT. WASHINGTON. D. C
JOHN RUSSELL POPE, ARCHITECT
f
32
THE BRICK BUILDER
without being: plain, scholarly without being- dry, and finally is very human. 1 believe that my readers will agree with me in the above statements from a g-lance at the illustrations which directly follow this page. When a man can accomplish a design which is at once formal, simple, scholarly, and human, it seems that his work is not only extremely rare, but so far above our average of American architecture as to warrant most careful study. It is by this means that we may lift our own work to a higher plane. There are many of us practising architecture that have his talent, and still more who have had his training ; but I know of no architect now actively engaged in the practice of his ])rofession who combines as he does both talent and training. His work is the result of this combination, and the Hitt house has an advantage over his other works in being done from a riper experience. It shows that he has arrived at his steady gait after feel- ing around in a more or less hap- hazard way in his earlier residence designs.
On the return of a Washington draftsman from a trip to New York, I asketl him for his impressions. He said, "Well, I will tell you. There are two distinct styles of architecture in that city." Knowing the many men of such dift'erent ideas and ideals there, and the straining after everything that has ever been done before which they are trying to do, I could not quite see how he could make such a state- ment. It seemed to me that if any city in the world had been cursed with a conglomeration, made iwssible by too much mone_\' and too many books, it was New York ; so I asked with considerable interest what the two styles were. His answer was, " One well-known firm of architects and the others:' ' A truer thing was never said, and his answer naturally makes one pause to wonder how he can get that individuality into his own work as does this well-known combination. Unless he is a genius the answer will never come. He can greatly help his work, though, after arriving at this stage and help greatly to make his country more beautiful, because he has an ideal
LOT PLAN.
THE HITT RE.SIDENCE, WA.SHINGTON, D.C.
John Russell Pope, Architect.
above his reach. The Hitt house has those qualities which have made the work of that one firm classified above stand out above all others, although totally differently ex- pressed — qualities which make the rest of our Washington residences look like "the others." This is done in a cjuiet, dignified way and in a way that makes one realize that it was far from the thought of the designer to strain after in- dividuality. When a man tries to get indivMduality and fails, it is piti- ful ; all we .see is the fall. Individ- uality is born in one, is God-given, and if properly directed can lead others on to better things.
A glance at the Hitt house fac^-ade shows individuality properly di- rected, and without an effort to do more than simply express the home of a cultivated American woman. That was the problem and it seems to me that Mr. Pope has solved it. Our architects have tried every con- ceivable style for this purpose and have failed in almost every case. I do not think these failures were en- tirely due to the styles adopted or the lack of education or taste of the designer, but to the fact that they were not conceived out of the mind of the designer for the purposes for which they were to be used. They were adopted from memory and training and lacked the vitality of something born into the world. A vital thing born with life or in one's mind, reared brutally or with due regard for precedent, is alwai's interesting to an>- one whether architect or layman. This house has life and was reared with refinement; therefore, it not only is interesting, but something to love. I have foimd that people not trained in architecture are interested in it, which i^roves its life : and liked because of its refinement, which shows the blessing the designer enjoys of having had a thorough training. We can get the training, that we know ; we do not know how large the spark or con- ception in us is, but one hope we all have, that it is there, however small. When this spark is fanned into a flame by ambition and controlled by training and work, then we can hope to do work as good and interesting as the Hitt house in Washington.
VE.STIBULE — HITT HOUSE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
JOHN RUSSELL POPE, ARCHITECT.
THE BRlCKHriLDK R
VOL. 22, NO. 2.
PLATE r,
COPvniCMT. JOHNSTON-HCWITT. NEW YORK
'•^
HOUSE ON LONG ISLAND. NEW YORK
LA FARGE a MORRIS. ARCHITECTS
CO^VNtONT. JOHftirON-MtWITT. NCW VOKK
I:
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il
THE BR I c K Br I I. n i-: r .
VOL. 22, NO. 2. PLATE 18.
HOUSE ON LONG ISLAND. NEV, YORK LA FARGE a MORRIS. ARCHITECTS
COPTRICHT. JOHNSTON-HEWITT, NfW VO»K
COPYRIGHT. JOHNSTONMEWITT. NCW YORK
NORTH DOORWAY DETAIL
SOUTH DOORWAY DETAIL
Til K
VOL. 22. NO. 2.
BRU- K n r 1
1 . 1 ) 1-: R .
PLATE 19.
THE RRICKHUILDKR
VOL. 22, NO. 2.
PLATE 20.
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ENTRANCE GATES
STABLE ON
LONG ISLAND
NEW YORK
LA FARGE A MORRIS ARCHITECTS
i
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THE B R I C K R I' I L D E R
VOL. 22. NO. 2.
PLATE 21.
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* LONGITUDINAL JtCTIOM •
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THE RRICK BUILDER
VOL. 22, NO. 2.
PLATE 22.
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VOL. 22. NO. 2. PLATE 24.
T II E BRICK B I' I L D K R .
VOL. 22, NO. 2. PLATE 25.
THE BRICK r.lM LI) KR.
VOL. 22, NO. 2. PLATE 26.
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FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST. SCIENTIST. WASHINGTON. D. C.
MARSH AND PETER 6. E D. RYERSON. ASSOCrATE ARCHITECTS
THE B R I C K B U I L D E R .
VOL. 22, NO. 2. PLATE 27.
CROSS SECTION
TPIE BRICKBUILDER.
VOL. 22, NO. 2.
PLATE 28.
PLA'N THRjDUQH • CHIA\N£.r-
CHIMNtr
1 ' A-eMjilMu fLoetj
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EASTHAMPTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. EASTHAMPTON. L \.
AYMAR EMBURY II. ARCHITECT
THE lU^ IC K TU' I L DER.
VOL. 22. NO. 2. PLATE 29.
PLAN
EXTERIOR
EASTHAMPTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. EASTHAMPTON. L.
AYMAR EMBURY II. ARCHITECT
T II E H RICK 15 r 1
VOL. 22, NO. 2.
LI) 1-: R.
PLATE 30.
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
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THE B R I C KBIM L 1) 1-: R
33
The Unit Power Plant for Isolated Riiildino;s
and Small Groups.
PART I. — PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS.
BY CHARLES L. HUBBARD.
We .start herewith a series of articles whioh will take up in a .simple and concise form the isolated power plant as applied to sinple buildings of different types and to small groujis. The matter has been treated especially from the architect's point of view, and data presented in such form that it may be used without extensive readinij. Among the subjects considered are tile uses of steam and power in buildings of various kinds ; the determination of boiler, engine, jnimp, and dynamo caiiacities for different jiurposcs, such as heating, ventilating, lighting, refrigeration, elevator service, etc. Apparatus of various kinds is discussed in detail, with special reference to the selection of equipment best adapted to the re(|uirements of any ixirticular case, taking into accovint comparative costs, both of installation and operation. The conditions under which it is advisable to install a power equipment in conibination with the heating jjlant, witli examples showing the saving which may be made with certain relations between power and heating refjuirements, will be studied. I)etails of design are considered to some extent, such as piping layouts for boiler and engine rooms, and underground conduits for steam and hot-water distribution to the various buildings of a group. The last article of the series treats of water supply by mechanical means, discussing briefly- different sources of su])])ly, reservoirs and tanks, pipe lines, and pumping machinery of various kinds, with a comparison of costs. — The Editors.
FOR the benefit of those who may be a little hazy upon certain terms and quantities employed in power and heatingf work, we will take tip in a simple manner some of those in most common u.se.
Steam Boilers. Power and largfc heatiny boilers are usually rated on a Iiorse po7ver basis ; one horse power being- the capacity to evaporate 30 pounds of water per hour, from a feed-water temperature of 100 degfrees, into steam at 70 pounds pressure. This quantity will vary somewhat with changes in the relation between tempera- ture and pressure, but for the pressures commonly carried in this class of work, and where the feed-water is heated, the boiler may be safely proportioned on a basis of 30 pounds of steam per horse power per hour.
General Proportions. The coiumercial horse power of a boiler is commonly based upon its heating surface ; hori- zontal fire-tube boilers being- rated on a basis of 12 sciuare feet of heating surface per horse power, and water-tube boilers on a basis of 10 square feet.
The required grate area depends upon the rates of com- bustion and evaporation. The rate of combu.stion mean- ing the ]wunds of coal burned per square foot of grate surface per hour, which, with a natural draft, will run from 12 to 15 pounds for anthracite and 15 to 18 pounds for bituminous. The rate of evaporation means the pounds of steam generated per pound of coal. With the best makes of power boilers, well cared for and skilfully fired, this will run from 8 to 10 pounds, although the lower fig- ure probably comes nearer the actual result in the average power plant of small size. The grate surface in any par- ticular case is found by the following formula, H. P. X 34.5
S^
in which,
EX C
S = grate area in square feet. E = rate of evaporation. C = rate of combustion. H.P. = horse power of boiler.
Table I, computed by the above method, gives the square feet of grate area per horse power for different rates of evaporation and combustion-
TABLE I.
Rate of Combustion. Rate of Evaporation.
10 lbs ---
9 ,,
8 ,,
The approximate coal consumption per boiler horse power per hour may be found by multiplying the sciuare feet of heating surface per horse power by 0.3, which gives
|
12 lbs. |
15 lbs. |
20 lbs |
|
.28 |
.23 |
.17 |
|
.32 |
.25 |
.19 |
|
.36 |
.29 |
.22 |
12 X 0.3 ^ 3.6 pounds for horizontal fire-tube boilers, and 10 X 0-3 = 3 pounds for water-tube boilers. In computin.g the total boiler horse power for any building, first determine the maximum weight of steam rc(|uired per hour for all purposes, and divide the result by 30.
Chimneys. The successful operation of a boiler plant is largely dependent upon the action ^^i the chimney, unless mechanical draft is employed. The latter method is not usually required in plants of small size, although used quite extensively under certain conditions in larger ones. The draft of a chimney is dependent upon the height, while the power, or capacity for carrying off the waste gases, varies with the sectional area of the flue. The required draft varies largely with the kind of fuel used, because the finer the grade of coal the greater the pressure necessary to force the air through it. The following heights have been found to give good results in plants of moderate size, and produce sufficient draft to force the boilers from twenty to thirty per cent above their rating. Free burning bituminous coal, 75 feet ; anthracite of medium and large sizes, 100 feet ; slow-burning bitumi- nous, 120 feet ; anthracite pea coal, 130 feet ; anthracite buckwheat coal, 150 feet.
Table II gives the diameter and hei,ght of flue for differ- ent boiler horse powers. To use the table, first select the l^roper hei.ght for the grade of fuel to be used, and then from the table find the reciuired diameter for the given horse i)ower of boilers to be provided for. TAHLE II.
|
diameter |
HelRht of |
Chimne\ |
aiul B |
oiler Horse |
Power |
||
|
of Flue. |
60' |
70' |
HO' |
90' |
100' |
125' |
150' |
|
24".-.. |
54 |
58 |
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
27" |
72 |
78 |
83 |
|
|
|
|
|
30" |
92 |
100 |
107 |
113 |
|||
|
33" |
115 |
125 |
133 |
141 |
|||
|
36" |
141 |
152 |
161 |
173 |
1S2 |
|
|
|
39" |
183 |
196 |
208 |
219 |
|
||
|
42" |
216 |
231 |
245 |
258 |
271 |
|
|
|
48" |
311 |
330 |
348 |
365 |
389 |
||
|
54" |
|
427 |
449 |
472 |
503 |
||
|
60".. |
|
|
536 |
565 |
593 |
632 |
|
|
66" |
|
|
. . _ _ |
694 |
728 |
776 |
|
|
72" |
|
|
|
835 |
876 |
934 |
Steam Engines. The iwnver of a steam engine is also rated in horse power, but on an entirely different basis. In this case one horse jiower means the capacity of doing work at the rate of 33,000 foot ]H)iinds per tninute. The indicated horse power (1. 1 1. P.) means the total power developed, and includes that ie(|uired for overcoming the friction of the engine itself, while the brake or delivered horse power (D.H.P.) means the pf)wer delivered by the engine and available for driving other machim-rv. This,
34 T H E B R I C K B U I L D E R .
at full load, will vary from eighty to ninety per cent of the 250 volts, is usually to be preferred for the unit plant
I.H.P. depending upon the type and size of engine. For where motors are to be supplied. With a direct current
machines of medium size, the average of these or eighty- it is possible to use direct-connected slow-speed motors
five per cent may be used. The ratio of the delivered for the driving of ventilating fans, which is a matter of
. ,. , , /D.H.PA . considerable importance in certain types of buildings,
horse power to the mdicated horse power, I . tTp" ) '^ t- .u »u a ^ ,■• c * /> ■ u
^ \ I.H.P. / Furthermore, the speed regulation of motors driven by a
called the mechanical efficiency, and enters into computa- direct current is more satisfactory. Electricity is meas- tions involving the power of engines for different purposes, ured commercially by the kUo-watt hour ; a kilowatt (Kw.) The water-rate of an engine is the weight of steam re- being equal to 1,000 watts. A watt is the unit of measure- quired per I.H.P. per hour for driving it. This quantity ment, being equal to the product of 1 volt x 1 ampere. varies greatly in different types of engines, and also in the For example, a current of 4 amperes, flowing under a same type when operating under different conditions, voltage of 250, will have a capacity of 4 x 250 = 1,000 Table III gives average water-rates of engines of medium watts, or 1 Kw., and a kilowatt hour is the electrical energy size and first-class make, when running at or near full delivered per hour by a current of this capacity, load. Electric generators or dynamos are rated in kilowatts, TABLE III and have an efficiencv at full load of about ninety per cent Type .,f Engine. ^"'^^e'r lh'p'"^" for those of medium size.
per Hour. This means that for every 100 horse power of mechanical
|-™''{^ vr'^r '^''s^'^ d 30 energy expended in driving a generator, 90 horsepower
Simple Corliss 28 of f/^r/;7V«/ energy will be given out. The indicated horse
Compound HIrIi Speed - — 26 power of an engine for driving a generator is given by
Compound Medium Speed - 25 ' '^ » o a j
Compound Corliss 24 ,u r i i iiti Kw. X 1,000 .
' the formula, I.H.P. = , in which
746 X A X B
The above figures are for non-condensing engines, that I.H.P. = indicated horse power of engine.
is, where the exhaust steam is turned outboard to the Kw. = capacity of generator in kilowatts,
atmosphere or into a heating system operating under a A = efficiency of engine,
slight pressure. When a condenser is employed in con- B = efficiency of generator.
nection with an engine, the water-rate, under ordinary For generators ranging from 25 Kw. to 250 Kw., the
conditions, is reduced to about eighty per cent of the I.H.P. of engine may be taken as 1.7 times the Kw.
above. rating of the generator, with sufficient accuracy.
Steam Turbines. The princii)le of the steam turbine is Efficiency Losses. When a steam engine is used for driv-
such that its capacity cannot be expressed in indicated ing a generator, and the electrical energy from this again
horse power, and the brake or delivered horse power is transformed into mechanical energy by means of a motor,
used instead. This makes it necessary, when comparing there is a loss in each transformation. In other words,
the power or water-rate of engines and turbines, to reduce there is one loss in the engine, another in the dynamo,
them both to brake horse power. The steam economy of and another in the motor, all of which must be taken into
a turbine depends largely upon a low vacuum at the account when computing the sizes of motor, generator,
exhaust end, and hence, to get the best results, must be engine, and boiler, to do a given amount of work. The
run condensing. For this reason they have not in the efficiencies of small motors, such as are used for fan work,
past been used to any great extent in small sizes and on will average about eighty per cent, while larger ones for
non-condensing work because of the excessive amount of elevator and similar service have an efficiency of about
steam required as compared with a reciprocating engine, ninety per cent at full load.
Recent developments along this line have produced small Assuming, then, efficiencies of eighty, ninety, and eighty- and medium sized non-condensing turbines which com- five per cent for motor, generator, and engine respect- pare very favorablv in steam economy with simple high- , . 1 ,.,.,,
J . ' . J .i ' J- • -iiT, ivelv. It will require = 1.63 indicated horse
speed engines operating under the same conditions. When ' .80 X .90 x .85
run condensing, the advantage in economy is in favor of power at the engine for each horse power delivered by
the turbine, especially on a variable load. the motor ; or conversely, the total efficiency of the three
Ciasolene Etiffines. Steam engines and turbines are machines is .80 X .90 X .85 = .612, or practically sixty
more commonly used for generating power, in the class of per cent.
work under consideration, because the exhaust can be used Electric Liff/iiifig. There are two common methods of
for heating purposes during the winter. On the other determining the sizes of generator and engine for electric
hand, there are instances where power is simply wanted lighting. One is to prepare a list of all the lamps, together
during the summer season, as in the case of estates occu- with the current in amperes required by each. The total
pied for only a portion of the year. In plants of this kind current, multiplied by the voltage of the system, will give
an outfit employing gasolene or oil engines will often be the watts required, and this in turn divided by 1,000 will
preferable on account of its simplicity and lower first cost, give the Kw. rating of the generator.
The amount of fuel for operating an engine of this type The second method takes into account the candle power
will vary somewhat, according to size and make, but for and efficiency, the latter being expressed in watts per
the average machine it may be taken as about 0.8 pound candle power. In this case the candle power of each lamp
per brake horse' power. is multiplied by its efficiency and the total of these pro-
Electric Power. Both direct and alternating currents ducts divided by 1,000 to obtain the Kw. rating of the
are used for power and lighting, but the former, at 125 or generator. Having determined the capacity of the gen-
T H E B R I C
erator, the I.H.P. of the engine for drivino- it is obtained by the methods already given.
It is often desirable in preliminary work to approximate the power required for lighting- before the number and type of lamps have been worked out. In cases of this kind the necessary current may be based ujion the floor space to be lighted, using the following assumptions, lujr general lighting with incandescent lamps, as in the case of offices, halls, etc., from 1.0 to 1.2 watts will be required per square foot of floor space, while drafting rooms and other places requiring a more brilliant illumination will take twice that amount. For arc lights with opal globes, the following may be used for rooms used for different purposes.
TABLE IV. Use of Room. Watts per Sq. Ft.
of Floor Space.
Clothing Store 1.30
Hall 1.00
Drafting Room 2.00
Machine Shop 0.75
Weave Room 1.20
Elevators. The elevators employed in stores, hotels, office buildings, etc., are of two general kinds, hydraulic and electric ; the latter being subdivided into the drum, duplex, and screw types. The power required for run- ning an elevator varies a good deal with the type, speed, and general conditions under which it is operated.
In the figures given below, average loads, speeds, and efficiencies have been assumed for the various types ; also, the different methods of counterbalancing the cars have been taken into accotmt, together with the additional power required for accelerating the load when first start- ing. The usual custom has been followed, where definite information is not at hand, of computing the power required for running all of the cars at one time under full load and taking 0.7 of the result.
Under these conditions, hydraulic elevators require from 0.6 to 0.7 delivered horse power per sqtiare foot of floor space in the cars. Elevators of this type are driven by direct-acting steam pumps, and in order to determine the necessary boiler power for this purpose, the water-rate of the pump must be known.
For average conditions, this is given in Table V for different types of pumps.
TABLE V.
Pounds of Steam „ , „ per Delivered
Type of Pump, Horse Power
per Hour.
Simple, Non-condensing 120
Compound, Non-condensing 65
Triple, Non-condensing 40
High Duty, Non-conden.sing • 30
Electric elevators of the drum and duplex types reciuire from 0.4 to 0.5 delivered horse power per scjuare foot of floor space, and the screw type about 1 horse power. As electric elevators are motor driven, the efficiencies of the various machines through which the energy passes must be taken into account as already described. That is, the I.H.P. of the engine driving the generator must be approxi- mately 1.6 times the power delivered to the car.
Refrigeration. There are two methods of refrigeration commonly employed, known as the compression and absorp- tion methods. As the latter does not require mechanical power for its operation, only the former will be considered in the present article. The capacity of a refrigerating
K lU' 1 L I) 1-: R. 35
plant is commonly expressed in " tons of refri.geration " or "ice-melting effect." That is, a 5-ton machine will produce the same cooling effect in 24 hours as the melting of 5 tons of ice. The ammonia compressor is commonly driven by a direct-connected steam engine or electric motor, although small machines arc often belted to a convenient counter-sliaft, if one is available. Under average condi- tions, 1 I.H.P. at the steam cylinder of the compressor will produce about 0.75 ton of refri.geration per 24 hours. For examjile — a 5-ton machine will retjuire 5 : 0.75 = 6.6 I.H.P. at the steam c\lindcr for driving it. If the compressor is motor driven, the efficiencies of motor and .generator must be taken into account, which will call for a])proximately 2 I.H.P. per ton of refrigeration at the en.gine driving the generator. The above figures api)ly to the form of refrigeration commonly employed in hotels, etc., for cold storage and not to the actual manufacture of ice.
Heating. The simplest method of determining the quantity of steam required for heatin.g is to base it U]Kjn the amount of radiating surface to be supplied. This, for ordinary conditions, may be taken from the following table, which gives the potinds of steam condensed per scpiare foot of radiation per hour for different forms of sttrface .
TABLE VL Pounds of Steam
Required per Type of Radiating Surface. Sq. Ft. of Sur-
face per Hr.
Direct Steam 0.3
Indirect Steam 0.6
Direct Hot Water* 0.2
Indirect Hot Water* 0.4
*In forced hot-water systems where the water is heated by exhaust steam.
Vcuti/atioii. In case the building, or a jiortion of it, is supplied with fresh air by means of a fan indeiK-ndently of the heating system, it is customary to assume a temperature rise from zero to 70 de.grees.
Under these conditions it will take 1.5 pounds of steam for each 1,000 cubic feet of air supplied, which includes that used in generating the power for driving the fan.
Ifot- Water Heating. In some buildings, like hotels, hospitals, etc., the item of hot-water heating for toilet and latmdry purposes is an important one.
This will reciuire approximately 1 pound of steam for each gallon of water heated from 50 to 170 de.grees, wiiich may be taken as average conditions durin.g the winter season.
Utilizing Ji.xlianst Steam. If the exhaust steam from the engines and pumps is used for heatin.g and ventilating ptirposes, as should always be done under ordinary condi- tions, this should be deducted from the total quantity of steam required for all i)urposes, when computing the boiler horse jwwer. The available heat in the exhaust will dejiend somewhat ui)on the type of engine used, initial jiressure, etc., but it will be safe to consider eighty per cent, at least, of the steam delivered to the en.gincs available in the exhaust for heating purposes.
Sr.MM.VKV.
lioiltrs. One Iwiler horse power (B.I I. P.) is reiiuired {ox each 30 poimds f)f steam i)er hour. Average coal con- sumi)tion, 3.6 pounds jier H.I I. P. for fire-tube boilers, and 3 pounds for water-tube boilers.
For grate area, see Table I.
36
THE B R I C K B U I L D E R ,
Engines. Averag:e efficiency eig'hty-five per cent.
Indicated horse power (I.H.P) equals approximately 1.2 X delivered horse power (D.H.P.).
For water-rate, see Table II.
The use of a condenser rediices the water-rate twenty per cent.
Steam Turbines. Water-rate approximately the same as reciprocating enjjines working- under same conditions.
Oil l-lniiines. About 0.8 ]:)Ounds of oil required jier delivered hor.se power under averag:e conditions.
lilectric Poxver. Commercially measured by the kilowatt hour.
Averag-e efliciencj' of generators, ninety percent. Indi- cated horse power of engine for driving generator is ecjual to 1.7 times kilowatt rating of generator.
Efficiency Losses. The loss in power between that gener- ated by a steam engine and that delivered by a motor is approximately forty per cent, or 1.6 indicated horse power must be provided at the engine for each horse power delivered by the motor.
Ehriric Lighting. Total current, times voltage, divided by 1,000, will give Kw. rating of generator, or candle ])ower, times efficiency, divided by 1,000.
Approximate method — allow 1 to 1.2 watts per square foot of floor space for ordinary lighting ; also see Table III.
Elrvators. For hydraulic, 0.6 to 0.7 delivered horse power per square foot of floor space ; see also Table I\'.
For electric, 0.4 to 0.5 delivered horse power per square foot of floor sjxice for drum and duplex types, and 1 horse power for the screw type. See " Efficiency Losses."
Refrigeration. For steam compressors, provide 1.3 indicated horse power i^er ton of refrigeration, and for motor-driven machines, 2 indicated horse power at main engine per ton of refrigeration.
Heating. vSteam consumption based on square feet of radiation.
See Table \\
I'enti/afion. Provide 1.5 i)()unds of steam for each 1,000 cubic feet of air supplied in zero weather.
Hot- Water Heating. Provide 1 pound of steam for each gallon of water to be heated from 50 to 170 degrees.
I 'tilizing Ex/iaust Steam. About eighty per cent of the steam supplied to engines and pumps is available in the exhaust for heating purposes.
Order of Computation. (1) Reduce the horse power to
be delivered by all motors to electrical horse power
(E.H.P.), bv formula (a).
D.H.P.
ia) E.H.P. =
0.8
(2) Reduce electrical horse jwwer to kilowatts, by formula (/;).
id) Kw. = E.H.P. X 0.746,
and to this add kilowatts required for lighting, to find size of generator.
(3) Find indicated hcjrse ]xnver of generator engine by formula ic).
(c) I.H.P. = Kw. X 1.7 (A) Find maximum weight of steam required in pounds per hour, deduct such part of the " available exhaust " as may be used for heating purposes, and divide the re- mainder by 30 to find the boiler horse power.
Pounds of steam per hour
Example. A building is to contain 12,000 square feet of direct steam radiation, 4,000 square feet of indirect, and is to be provided with 300,000 cubic feet of fresh air per hour.
Hot-water supply, 300 gallons per hour. The building is also to contain the following equipment :
One 5-ton refrigerating- machine of the steam com- pressor type. Three hydraulic elevators, each having: a floor area of 30 square feet. One dui)lex electric elevator with a floor area of 12 square feet. Miscellaneous motors amounting to 10 horse power.
The electric lig-hting service will call for a total of 400 amperes at 125 volts.
The problem is to compute the capacity of generator, the indicated horse power of the engine for driving it, and the boiler horse power. Computations to be made on the assumjition that the entire plant will be in o])eration at one time, and that the available exhaust steam will be used for heating puri:)oses.
Starting with the electric elevator we have 12 X 0.5 = 6 D.H.P. required, which added to the miscellaneous motor output amounts to 6 -f 10 = 16 D.H.P. This re- duced to E.H.P. bv formula ia) gives E.H.P. = ~ = 20,
0.8
which reduced to Kw. by formula (b) calls for 20 X 0.746 = 14.9 or 15 Kw. capacity in the generator. The generator cai^acity for lighting amoimts to
^= 50 Kw., making a total of 15 + 50 =^ 65 Kw.
Power of driving eng-ine, by formula (c), is 65 X 1.7 = 111 I.H.P.
The next step is to compute the steam required for power purposes, and determine the available exhaust.
Assuming a simple high-speed engine for the generator, the steam requirement will amount to 111 X 32 = 3,552 pounds per hour. The power for the hydraulic elevators will amount to 3 x 30 X 0.7 ^63 D.H.P.
If compound non-condensingf pumps are used it will reciuire 63 X 65 — 4,095 pounds of steam per hour.
A small slow-speed simple engine for driving the refrig- erating- machine will have a water-rate of about 40 pounds per I.H.P., which, in the present case, amounts to 5 X 1.3 X 40 = 260 pounds of steam per hour-
This gives a total of 3,552 + 4,095 + 260 =- 7,907 pounds of steam per hour for power purposes, of which 7,907 X .80=^6,325 pounds are available in the exhaust for heating purposes.
The steam required in pounds per hour for heating pur- poses is as follows :
Direct radiation, 12,000 X .3 = 3,600
Indirect radiation, 4,000 X .6 ^ 2,400
Ventilation, 300 X 1.5 =^ 450
Water heating, 300 X 1 = 300
Total, 6,750 pounds per hour
The available exhaust amounts to 6,325 i)ounds, .so that
only 6,750 — 6,325 = 425 pounds of live steam per hour
are required for heating. This calls for a boiler capacit\-
7,907 -I- 425
of
30
278 H.P.
(d) B.H.P.
30
In the above exami)le it has been assumed that all of the apparatus would be in use at its full capacity at the same time. A following article will take up cases varying from this condition.
THE BRICK Br I L 1) i: R
37
SECTION
HOV5E IN VIA SAN VITALE ■ BOLOGNA ITALY
•ELEVATION
SCALE ,iH
MEASURED DRAWINGS ITALIAN SERIES
WILL S. ALDRICH. DEL
38
THE BRICK BIMLDER
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I .1 1 .1 i.^v^
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1^ [ ! ' .' . I . . ' . . T~
j,Hp,q,H,t^,tiMHaPHHMNaHHMHHH,^
I I
I I I I I I
j^n.
' i' i' i' f
'i' i 'i' '. ' i' ^
II I 1
T^
PALAZZO TACCONI. BOLOGNA, ITALY
MEASURED DRAWINGS - ITALIAN SERIES. WILL S ALDRICH. DEL
THE B R 1 C K Rr I L I) K R
39
MORRISTOWN SCHOOL, MORRISTOWN, N. J. Horing »V •rilli.n, Arcliitccts. A closely connected group composed as an " Open (.'ourt,'' according to the best classic traditions.
Recent American Group-Plans.
V. — PREPARATORY SCHOOLS AND INSTITUTIONS.
BY ALFRED MORTON GITHENS.
PASvSING from the colleges to the schools, one finds no abrupt division ; the smaller colleges and the larger schools seem quite the same thing in problems to be solved and in types of solution adopted. The following Ana- lytical Table classifies the usual reciuirements :
SCHOOL
OR
COLLEGE
Instruction
Residence
Athletics
Administration.
Cliapel.
Auditorium.
Library.
Class Rooms.
Laboratories.
Dormitories. Refectory. Infirmary. Students' Clubs. ;\Iasters' Houses.
Gymnasium. Playing Fields.
There is usiially also a power plant. Universities may add various professional schools ; any of the divisions may be missing ; in the Boston Normal and Latin School there is neither Athletic nor Residential divisions.
As to architectural style, of course the great monu- mental college groups find no counterpart among the schools. The Tome Insti- tute in Maryland is one of the most formal and near- est a college in expression. It is being built from a comprehensive plan ; a winding drive leads up to a garden, treated with the formality of a Court of Honour ; the Instructional buildings surround it ; the dormitories are around a practice-field and the pri- mary department sur- rounds a play ground ; the masters' houses edge the hill to the east.
Phillips Exeter, Phillips Andover, and St. Paul's,
TOME INSTITUTE, PORT DEPOSIT, MARYLAND.
Boring & Tilton, Clias, \V. Leavitt. Jr.. Architects. On edue of plateau overlooking Susquehanna River; inlere.tinii .ubdiyinion by group.: usua" arrangement of Scholastic building, in Knirance group. Dorm.tone. more remote; compare State Normal School, Troy, Ala.
Concord, arc counteri)arts amon.g the larger schools of that ha]:)-hazard college which .grew uj) in the latter half of the eighteen hundreds. Exeter has one great lesson in its concentrated Instruction and Residence and the enormous space given the third .great division. Athletics; surely as needful to a boy as anything else and too often left for the strong lad while the under-developed, needing it the most, avoids it. This condition Exeter attempts to improve. The catalogue states that " during the first two months of the fall term all members of the school are urged to engage in football or other sports apjiropriate to the season. The prescribed .gymnasium work be.gins early in November and continues to the end of the winter term. Thereafter all students are required to report re.gularly at the Playin.g Fields four times a week, where they participate in base- ball or track sjiorts, or tennis, or .golf, as the individual may prefer."
Perhaps Benard was not ver\- far wron.g wlien he placed the gymnasium and its field in the most important jiosition of his great plan for the University of California. The
trend is toward a fuller development of this branch in schools for both sexes, as proved by the prominence of the gymnasium and terraced tennis-courts in the Dow School for .girls, the parade of the New York Military Academy, and the tennis, football, and ba.sc- ball fields in the proposed l>lan for St. (icorge's, New- port. Like the Tome In- stitute, this is one of the few lar.ger school groujis being built from a definite plan ; but whereas the Tome is designed accord- ing to the monutnental traditions of the Ecole des Beaux Arts as applied to the generally accepted American ideals, St.
40
THE BRICKBUILDER.
George's blends anEnglish naivete with the gfraceful diffnily of the lesser Italian jjardens. One miyfht fancy it embodied the inspiration that an imaginary architect of Wren's time might have broiig"ht back with him from Italy. The Tome is a group of wide spaces, of openness ; St. George's charm would be impaired were the buildings sepa- rated from each other. It is an example of the "Range," that English type of composition which was perhaps first suggested by the irregular Gothic courtyard shorn of its en- trance side, as at Sutton Place in Surrey, or part destroyed, part rebuilt South Wingfield in Derby- shire.
Iloosac School is an ex- ample of it among the lesser schools ; in Institu- tional groups it seems sel- dom to have been used ; for Ecclesiastic groups, as at the Intercession in New York, it has apparently come to stay. It easily adapts itself to the close connection imder cover desired by most small schools, but on the other hand this can just as well be obtained in the form'al plan, as by the curved colonnades of Morristown.
The older Ilotchkiss School ingeniously places its buildings alternately along a wide corridor and so arrives at a com-
HOOSAC .SCHOOL, HOOSAC, N. Y. Cram, (ioodliue & Ferguson, Architects. Typical modern " Range" ; the Semi-Monastic, Semi-English-Collegiate ideal adapted to an American school ; the " Hall " central, used as a Commons by masters and pupils and arranged exactly as in the traditional model.
//
\I vr.AM A OCNCRAL PLAN-
ALABAMA GIRLS TECHNICAL INSTITUTE, MONTEVALLO, ALA. Chas. W. Leavitt, Landscape Engineer. Central .Schonl-building, with Auditorium and unassigned building in front ; Chapel to the left ; special schools to the right, ending in Library : Commons, Dormitories, and Service behind: Farm-School group in extreme rear. Interesting connection of diagonal axis; several existing buildings incorporated in the plan.
College, or a library as at school rooms are generally
pact connection recalling the arrangement of the shops at the Carnegie Technical Schools of Pitts- burgh. The dormitories of the Hoosac School are in a second floor ; all other rooms are below, the refec- tory, chapel, and gymna- sium extending through both stories. The refec- tory divides the boys' from the masters' portions and is arranged like an English hall, with entrance and screen at one end and dais for the masters at the other. The gymnasium, bein.g for the boys, termi- nates their portion ; the chapel, for both school and visitors, naturally is next the entrance and ad- ministration. Most small schools seem to prefer the dormitories or chambers in the upper floors, as in the Iloosac, the Ely and the Dow Schools for girls, the Hotchkiss, Taft, and Morristown; the larger schools have separate dor- mitory buildings, as at St. George's, St. Paul's, the Tome and the Exeter Schools. The analysis of the various groups shows that the administration is .generally in the central and most important build- ing, seldom displaced by a Social Hall as at Peabody Columbia University ; that close to the administration,
ST. George's school-, Newport, r. i.
Architect unannounced. Marginal Ranges of buildings giving the greatest possible area for open playing fields and turf; unusual arrangement; completely different from typical plan, as at State Normal School, Troy, Ala.
Octn TOWA£0 lAKl WDNON/CCPOMOC CM IT/ JHORCr A«E eATMm< AND Boat- HOOJer. mrik-MARK AMD INJTKVCTORS' MOVSS.S.
HOTCIIKISS SCHOOL.
A closelv connected compact type