Bibliothequ© botanique
EMILE BURNAT
('ataloi|u<' \"
IJ\n'> |)i"(>\t'iiiiiil (Ic |;i hil)li()tli(''(|ii(' l»()t,'iiii(|ii(' .ITmileBurnati l8:2X-l<)-20), iiisrivs ciKxiohir ll)-20 (Ijiiis hi liil)li()lli('((ii(' (III roiisci'Naloire hotmiiqiie de
, , 2 7
x,r. p^try.
THE
JOURNAL OF BOTANY
BEITISH AND FOBEIGN.
JAMES BEITTEN, F.L.S.,
British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington
new YOU*
POTANICAI
VOL. XXVII. QAKUtitH
ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES.
LONDON:
WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN.
18 8 9.
xjr
LONLiON :
WEST, NEWBIAN AND CO., PRINTERS,
54, HATTON GARDEN, E.C.
CONTRIBUTORS
TO THE PRESENT VOLUME.
C. C. Babington, M.A., F.R.S.
J. E. Bagnall, A.L.S.
J. G. Bakee, F.R.S.
G. Barrett-Hamilton.
R. H. Beddome, F.L.S.
W. H. Beeby, A.L.S.
John Benbow, F.L.S.
Arthur Bennett, F.L.S.
L. A. Boodle, F.L.S.
G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.
R. Braithwaite, M.D., F.L.S.
T. R. Archer Briggs, F.L.S.
James Britten, F.L.S.
B. Carrington, M.D., F.L.S. W.CAERUTHERs,F.R.S.,Pres.L.S.
C. B. Cl-irke, M.A., F.L.S.
D. Dewar.
George Dowker, F.G.S. G. C. Druce, M.A., F.L.S. • W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G., F.R.S.
P. EwiNG.
T. B. Flower, F.L.S.
Alfred Fryer.
H. D. Geld ART.
F. J. George.
Antony Gepp, M.A., F.L.S.
L. S. Glascot.
Henry Groves.
James Groves, F.L.S.
F. J. Hanbury, F.L.S.
Rev. G. Henslow, M.A., F.L.S.
B. Daydon Jackson, Sgc.L.S.
J. R. Jackson, A.L.S.
Thomas Kirk, F.L.S.
E. F. Linton, M.A. W. R. Linton, M.A. James Mc Andrew.
David McArdle.
E. S. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S. Maxwell T. Masters, M.D.,
F.R.S. J. CoSxMO Melvill, M.A., F.L.S. C. B. Moffat, B.A. A. G. More.
G. R. M. Murray, F.L.S. R. P. Murray, M.A., F.L.S. Percy W. Myles, B.A., F.L.S. W. H. Painter. W. H. Pearson. William Philipps. W. MoYLE Rogers, F.L.S. R. A. RoLFE, A.L.S.
F. C. S. Roper, F.L.S. J. Sargeaunt.
James Saunders.
Reginald W. Scully, F.L.S.
Richard Spruce, Ph.D.
Augustus Steuaet.
Frederic Stratton, F.L.S.
F. P. Thompson.
H. S. Thompson.
R. F. Thompson.
R. F. Towndeow.
Frederic Townsend, M.P., M.A.,
F.L.S. Henry Trimen, M.B., F.R.S. Arthur W. Wayman. William West, F.L.S. F. Buchanan White, M.D.,
J. W. White, F.L.S. William Whitwell. F.N. Williams, F.L.S. J. W. Williams. C. H. Wright.
|
Directions to Binder. |
||
|
Tabs. 286 & 287 . . . . to |
face |
page 65 |
|
„ 288 &. 289 |
97 |
|
|
Tab. 290 |
„ 225 |
|
|
,,291 |
„ 289 |
|
|
,,292 |
353 |
Or all may be placed together at the end of the volume.
PEW YORfc
BOTANICAL
UAKOtiN
THE
JOURNAL OF BOTANY
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.
NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE
COLONY.
By J. G. Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S.
DiOSCOREACE.E.
Dioscorea Burchellii, n. sp. — Stems slender, widely twining, glabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole ^-^ in. long; blade simple, ovate-lanceolate, sliallowly cordate at the base, always entire, 1-2 in. long, moderately firm in textm-e, bright green, triplinerved. Male flowers in lax subspicate racemes 1-2 in. long, with a slender straight glabrous axis ; pedicels very short, subtended by a minute ovate-lanceolate bract. Perianth campanulate, l-12th in. long; tube very short ; segments oblong, obtuse. Stamens 6 ; filamenl,s incurved, longer than the globose anthers. Rudimentary ovary globose. Female flowers and fruit unknown.
Hab. South central district, Burchell 5728 ! Kathery, Hutton ! Kaffraria, Mrs. Barber S Mr. J. H. Barber !
D. (Helmia) malifolia, n. sp. — Stems slender, twining, glabrous. Leaves alternate ; petiole |-1 in. long ; blade simple, entire, broad- ovate, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, 1-2 in. long and broad, moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces, minutely mucronate, 5-nerved from the base to the apex. Male flowers in copious lax fascicled racemes 2-3 in. long, with a flexuose or straight glabrous rachis ; pedicels short, ascending ; bracts ovate-acummate, minute. Perianth glabrous, 1-lGth to l-12th in. long; tube short; segments oblong, obtuse. Fertile stamens 6, much shorter than the perianth-segments. Female flowers in lax racemes 4-6 in. long. Ovary cylindrical-triquetrous, glabrous, ^ in. long. Capsule obovate-triquetrous, emarginate, an inch long. Seeds with a large basal wing.
Hab. NsitaX, Sanderson 232 \ Gerrard U4t\ Cooper S2i7 1 Wood 753 ! Kaftraria, Dre^/e 4500 !
D. (Helmia) Mundtii, n. sp. — Stems very slender, wide-twining, glabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole V-l in. long; blade simple,
Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27. [Jan., 1889.] b
2 NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY.
entire, ovate, deeply cordate at the base, 2-3 in. long, mucronate, membranous, glalDrous, triplinerved. Male flowers in lax fascicled simple racemes 3-4 in. long, with a straight glabrous axis; pedicels short, subtended by a pair of minute ovate-acuminate bracts. Perianth infundibuliform, glabrous, l-12th in. long; segments oblanceolate, obtuse. Fertile stamens 6, nearly as long as the perianth-segments. Female flowers also in lax simple racemes. Capsule oblong-triquetrous, glabrous, 1^ in. long, f in. broad. Seeds winged at the base only. Teschidinaria nemorwn Mundt, Exsic.
Hab. Central district, Miuult ! Dretje 8559 !
D. undatiloba, n. sp. — Stems very slender, wide-twining, glabrous. Leaves alternate ; petiole about an inch long ; blade cordate- deltoid, membranous, glabrous, bright green, 2-3 in. broad, not so long, palmately 7-lobed more than half-way down to the petiole, the central lobe the longest, conspicuously mucronate, repand-pinnatifid, triplinerved from base to apex, the two lobes on each side of it also repand, obliquely truncate at the apex, the four others shorter and not lobed. Male flowers in lax simple racemes 1-2 in. long ; pedicels nearly as long as the flowers, each subtended by an ovate-lanceolate bract. Perianth campanulate, ^ in. long ; segments ovate, acute. Female flowers in lax spikes 3-4 in. long. Ovary clavate, glabrous, J in. long. Female perianth campanulate; segments ovate-lanceolate. Fruit not seen.
Hab. Natal, Gerrard 1617 !
D. Forbesii, n. sp. — Stems slender, wide-twining, shortly pubescent. Leaves alternate ; petiole ^-1 in. long ; blade digitately compound; leaflets 5, sessile, oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, 1-2 in. long, distinctly mucronate, moderately firm in texture. Male flowers in shortly-peduncled geminate spikes with a slender very hairy rachis. Perianth campanulate, densely villose, l-12th in. long, subtended by an ovate-lanceolate acuminate bract a little shorter than the flower. Fertile stamens 6 ; filaments very short ; anthers globose. Eudimentary style very short. Female flowers and capsule not seen.
Hab. Delagoa Bay, Forbes 1
D. Tysoni, n. sp. — Stems slender, wide-climbing, glabrous. Leaves alternate ; petiole 1^-2 in. long ; leaflets 5, stalked, obovate- oblong, membranous, glabrous, 1-2 in. long, conspicuously mucro- nate. Male flowers in 2-4-nate lax simple nearly sessile racemes 1-2 in. long ; pedicels ^-^ in. long, with no bract at the base, but bearing a minute bracteole just beneath the flower; rachis obscurely adpresso-pubescent. Perianth campanulate, ^ in. long, with a short tube and oblong segments.
Hab. Griqua-land, near Fort Donald, Tyson 1646 ! (Herb. Bolus).
HYPOXmEJE.
Hypoxis (Ianthe) ScuUyi, n. sp. — Corm globose, ^ in. diam. Leaves very thin, linear, membranous, 6-9 in. long, ^-^ in. broad at the middle, distinctly distantly nerved. Pedicels 3-4 to a corm, slender, glabrous, 1-flowered, 3-4 in. long. Ovary clavate, glabrous, ^ in. long. Expanded limb of perianth bright yellow, an inch in
NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY. 3
diameter ; segments oblong-lanceolate, |-f in. long. Stamens half as long as the segments.
Hab. Namaqua-land, Scully ! Received very lately from Mr. Scott Elliott.
H. (EuHYPoxis) Woodii, n. sp. — Corm obhque-oblong, crowned with a ring of slender fibres. Leaves about 6, linear or lanceolate, thin in texture, with slender ribs, quite glabrous on both faces and margin, the longest at the flowering time about a foot long, ^-^ in. broad. Peduncle slender, slightly hairy, 4-5 in. long ; flowers 2-3, corymbose ; pedicels ^-1 in. long ; bracts linear-setaceous. Perianth- limb ^-^ in. long; segments oblong, acute, yellow, the outer hairy on the back. Stamens half as long as the perianth -segments. Stigmas concrete.
Hab. Natal; Inanda, Wood 426a!
H. (EuHYPoxis) acuminata, n. sp. — Corm not seen. Leavea 6-8, erect, linear, not rigid, loosely hairy all over, 12-15 in. long, ^ in. broad low down, tapering gradually to the acuminate apex. Peduncles single, weak, villose, 6-8 in. long; flowers 2-4, sub- racemose ; lower pedicels ^— ^ in. long ; bracts small, linear- subulate. Ovary obconic, densely villose, ^ in. long. Perianth- limb f-| in. long ; segments oblong-lanceolate, yellow, the outer densely villose on the back. Anthers lanceolate-sagittate, versatile, ^ in. long. Stigmas concrete. Capsule turbinate, villose, ^ in. long.
Hab. Natal ; Inanda, Wood 1847 !
H. (EuHYPoxis) colchicifolia, n. sp. — Corm globose, 2 in. diam., crowned with bristles. Leaves 6-8, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, moderately firm in texture, strongly ribbed, rather glaucous, quite glabrous on both surfaces and margin, the longest at the flowering time 6-8 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad. Peduncle slender, much shorter than the leaves; flowers 8-4, corymbose; pedicels ^-1 in. long ; bracts linear. Ovary obconic, hairy, | in. long. Perianth-limb ^-^ in. long ; segments oblong, yellow, the outer green and hairy on the back. Stamens half as long as the perianth-segments ; anthers lanceolate, ^ in. long ; filaments shorter. Stigmas concrete.
Hab. Described from a plant flowered by Mr. Wm. Bull in 1884. Exact locality not known.
H. (EuHYPoxis) oligotricha, n. sp. — Corm not seen. Leaves erect, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, subcoriaceous, strongly ribbed, 15-18 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad at the middle. Peducles ancipitous, glabrous, 6-8 in. long. Flowers 10-15 in a lax raceme 8-4 in. long; lower pedicels J-|- in. long; bracts linear, -^^-l in. long. Ovary globose, nearly glabrous, ^ in. long and broad. Perianth- limb -^-f in. long ; segments oblong-lanceolate, the outer with a few scattered adpressed hairs on the back. Anthers lanceolate, ^ in. long. Stigmas concrete.
Hab. Natal; coast of Lianda, Wood 11701
Vellosie^. Vellosia villosa, n. sp. — Fruticose, with woody branches an inch thick, coated with many sheaths of parallel hairy wiry fibres.
B 2
4 PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND.
Leaves linear-subulate, falcate, rigidly coriaceous, 4-6 in. long, densely clothed throughout with short spreading w^hitish hairs. Peduncle villose, 3-4 ni. long. Ovary turbinate, densely villose, ^ in. long. Perianth-limb li in. long; segments lanceolate, whitish, the outer villose on the back. Anthers linear, i in. long. Style cylindrical, as long as the anthers.
Hab. Transvaal ; Hontbosh, liehmann 5792 !
V. humilis, n. sp. — Herbaceous, acaulescent, with a tuft of strong wiry root-fibres. Eosettes of leaves densely caespitose, surrounded by a dense mass of sheaths, composed of matted parallel drab wiry fibres -l-f in. long. Leaves linear, falcate, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous," strongly ribbed, 1-2 in. long. Peduncle very slender, 1-2 in. long, rough with glands. Ovary obconic, l-12th in. long and broad. Perianth-limb ^ in. long; segments oblong- lanceolate, the outer green and glabrous on the back. Anthers linear, nearly as long as the perianth-segments.
Hab. Banks of the Ampages River, Burhe 122 ! Transvaal, Ixev. W. Grernstockl Boshveld, between Eland's River and Klippan, llehmann 5133 1 Also Mozambique, Sir John Kirk !
PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND. By G. Barrett- Hamilton and L. S. Glascott.
The i^lants mentioned in the following list have been found in the counties of Wexford, Waterford, and Kilkenny, for the most part during the years 1887 and 1888. New Ross is situated near the head of the tidal portion of the Barrow, where this river divides the counties of Wexford and Kilkenny. Alderton and Kilmanock both lie lower down the river, and are on the east (or Wexford) bank of the estuary, about six or eight miles from the sea. The term " Pill" is locally applied to the brackish creeks, through which small streams discharge themselves into the estuary.
The letter D after a name indicates that the plant is new to District 2, 3, or 4 of the ' Cybele Hibernica.' We are much indebted to Mr. A. G. More for his kindness in looking at nearly all the plants mentioned in the list, and also for looking over the list itself; indeed, had it not been for his help, this list w^ould never have appeared.
L^ THE County of Wexford.
Ixdmuicnlus c^nosiis Guss. In a ditch, Alderton (L. S. G.). — B. 'triehoii/ti/lht.H Chaix. D 4. In the marsh-drains near " The Cause- way," Kilmokea (L. S. G.). — li. Lintjua L. Knockie Bog (G. B.-H.). Frequent in drains and boggy places about Alderton (L. S. G.). — 11. ]iarvijiorm L. A troublesome weed in the garden at Alderton ; also in a field overhanging the river near Piltown Stage, and near the " Island Quay" (L, S. G.).
PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND. 5
Papaver Argemone L. In a high field by the river near Piltown Stage (L. S. G".).
Sinains alha L. On a fence at Priest Haggard, and in several places on "The Island," near Cheek Point (L. S. G.).
Cochlearia anglica L. Near the New Bridge, Kilmanock (G. B.-H.). Abundant along the sides of " The Pill" near Alder- ton ; near Killowen, by the river, and on Fisherstown Marsh-bank (L. S. G.).
Lejndiuin Sniithii Hook. Frequent (G. B.-H.). Frequent on fences, especially by the river (L. S. G.).
Pohj(iala depressa Wend. D 4. Frequent in heathy places (L. S. G.).
Arenaria trinerda L. At the foot of a tree, Alderton (L. S. G.).
Malua moscliata L. Not uncommon about Kilmanock ; a variety "with xclilte flow^ers grows near the river at Dunbrody Park (G. B.-H.). Frequent in the neighbourhood of Alderton (L. S. G.). — M. rotundi- folia L. Kilmanock (G. B.-H.).
\Lavatera arhorea L. D 4. On the rocks at Duncanuou Fort, but, as it is cultivated in cottage gardens, it may be an escape (G.B.-H.).
Geranium columbinum L. In a lane not far from Campile (G. B.-H.). On a fence by the road on Maddox Hill, near White- church (L. S. G.).
Krodiiun moschatum L'Herit. Koadside at Duncannon (G. B.-H.).
Linuiii angustifolium Huds. In a field at Glendine, Arthurs- town ; at Fethard ; one plant by a corn-field on " The Island," near Kilmanock (G. B.-H.). Plentiful in a light grass-field on Maddox Hill, near Whitechurch, and on the brow of a hill by the river (L. S. G.).
Trifulium fragiferum L. Fisherstown Marsh (L. S. G.).
Lotus cornicuiatus var. tenuis L. D 4. By the border of a grass- field close to Alderton House (L. S. G.).
Pyrus Aria Sm. One tree on the '* Cliff," Kilmanock; one on the embankment ; also at Alderton, by the road (possibly planted in the last locality), (G.B.-H.).
Spergularia rupestris Lebel. Hook Head (G. B.-H.). Arthurs- town (L. S. G.).
\ Pastinaca sativa L. By a fence on the hill near Piltown Stage ; also on a fence at the " Island Quay," near Cheek Point (L. S. G.).
Caucalis nodosa Scop. On a field-fence near Piltown Stage (L. S. G.).
Piubia peregrina L. Duncannon and Nook [G. B.-H.). The cliffs about Arthur stown (L. S. G.).
Valenanella Auricula DC. D 4. Near the village of Nook (G. B.-H.). — V. dentata All. Frequent by road-sides and in corn- fields about Alderton (L. S. G.). Common at Kilmanock (G. B.-H.).
Pipsacus sglvestris L. Common (G. B.-H. & L. S. G.). \Tanacetum vulgare L. In several i)laces near the Hook, and Fethard, but always by the road- sides ; also at Nook, near the village. If an escape, it is well estabhshcd (G. B.-H.). Bally hack Hill (L. S. G.).
6 PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND.
Carlina vulgaris L. Dunbrody Park, near the river (G. B.-H.).
Centaurea Scabiosa L. In many places in the neighbourhood of Kilmanock, where it is probably sown with the corn (G. B.-H.). Frequent in corn-fields and on fences (L. S. G.).
"^'Cichorium Intijhus L. Well established in two fields at Grange Hill, on the road between Kilmanock and Arthurstown; in this locality it has been observed for many years, and is spreading. One plant in a field near Duncannon ; also at Fethard (G. B.-H.). in an old orchard, Alderton (L. S. G.).
Helmintha echioides Juss. Plentiful in a field between Ballinlaw Ferry and the " Island Quay " (L. S. G.).
Echium vuhjare L. In a field at Glendine, Arthurstown (G. B.-H.). In a field on Maddox Hill, near Whitechurch (L. S. G.).
Orobanche minor Sutt. Pretty common in the neighbourhood of Kilmanock (G. B.-H.). Clover-fields about Alderton (L. S. G.).
Linaria Elatlne Mill. Abundant in corn-fields about Alderton, and in one instance clothing the entire field with a thick green carpet; also on fences by roadsides in many places (L. S. G.).
Calamintha Clinopodium Benth. In two localities : a patch near Kilmanock, on the road to Arthurstown, where it has been observed for some years, and is spreading ; 2ndly, a small patch at Curragh- more cross-roads, near Tintern, observed this year (G. B.-H.). — C. officinalis Moench. Plentiful by the river- side near the *' Island Quay" (L. S. G.).
SciiteUana minor L. The marsh under Killowen House (L. S. G.).
Stachys arvensis L. Common (L. S. G. & G. B.-H.).
Anagallis arvensis var. ccerulea L. D 4. Li a pathway through a corn-field, Alderton (L. S. G.).
liumex Hydrolapathum Huds. Common in the Lickerstown and Kilmanock drains (G. B.-H.). Fisherstown drains (L. S. G.).
Euphorbia portlandica L. Between Kilmanock and Nook (G. B.-H.). — E. exigua L. Common, especially in corn-fields (L. S. G.). Koad between Kilmanock and Nook (G. B.-H.).
Orchis pyramidalis L. Frequent in pastures, and by the river (L. S. G.).
Ophrtjs apifera Huds. A few plants above the New Bridge, Kilmanock, near the Hme-kilns (G. B. H.). Abundant on grass- banks near Piltown Stage, and near Alderton House (L. S. G.).
Spiranthes autumnalis Rich. Two plants appeared on the lawn at Kilmanock last year ; but the grass has been cut this year, and they have not reappeared (G. B.-H.). Frequent in the neighbour- hood of Alderton (L. S. G.).
Allium vineale L. Grass-banks near Piltown Stage (L. S. G ). In the hedges by two fields at Kilmanock, about twenty plants (G.B.-H.).
Lemna trisulca L. In the pond at Alderton (L. S. G.).
Ekocharis uni(flumis Link., and E. multicaulis Sm. At the mouth of the " Pill," Alderton (L. S. G.).
Scirpus Savii Seb. & Maur. Wood above Glenwater Bay, Dun- brody Park (G.B.-H.). By the side of the "Pill," Alderton (L. S.G.).
PLANTS FOUND NEAR NEW ROSS, IRELAND.
Carex divisa Huds. D 4. By the New Bridge, near Dunbrody Abbey ; by the Causeway, Fisherstowu ; on a bit of waste ground by the road- side near the " Pill," Alderton ; in a lane at the back of the marshes near Killowen House (L. S. G.). — G. vulpina L. Common (Gr. B.-H.). Common about Alderton (L. S. G.). — C. divulsa Good. By the stream in the wood above Glenwater Bay, Dunbrody Park (G. B.-H.). — C. exteusa Goode. Marsh near Killowen (L. S. G.). [Obs. Carex Bdnninghaminiana, recorded in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 348, was a mistake: the plant having been identified from imperfect specimens, proves to be a sterile form of C. remota (G. B.-H.).]
Trisetum fiavescens L. Common (L. S. G.). Poa aquatica L. By the side of a stream, Alderton, and near — P. distans L. D 4. By the road-side near ; a large patch at the entrance to the Bally- G.). The Island, near Cheek Point (L. S. G.). Huds. In many places near Kilmanock
Killowen (L. S. G.) the "Pill," Alderton varna marshes (L. S.
Bromus sterilis L.
Hordeum pratense
(G. B.-H.). Frequent in marshes by the river (L. S. G.).
*Alopecurus agrestis L. D 4. In two fields, and in a wooded glen at Alderton (L. S. G.).
In the County of Kilkenny.
The following species were observed by G. Barrett-Hamilton at and above Ballinlaw Ferry during a walk up the Eiver Barrow for about a mile and a half. Those marked D 3 are new to District 3 of the ' Cybele Hibernica' : —
Rammculus seel era tiis L. Sagina nodosa E. Meyer. Hypericum calycinum L. Vicia angustifolia Roth. Spergularia salina Presl. Dipsacus sylvestris L. Aster Tripolium L. D 3. Centaurea Scahiosa L. Carduus temdJJorus Curt. Stachys arvensis L. Verbena officinalis L. Glaux maritima L. D 3. Samolus Valerandi L.
Statice hahusiensis Fries.
Armeria maritima Willd. D 3. Plantago Coronopus L. D 3. D 3. P. maritima L. D 3.
Salicornia herbacea L. D 3.
Scirpus maritimus L.
S. Tabernamoyitani Gmel. D 8.
S, savii Seb. & Maur. D 3.
Carex vulpina L.
C. exteusa Good. D 3.
Poa maritima Wahlb. D 8.
Festuca sciuroides Roth. D 8.
Hordeum pratense Huds. D 3.
In the County of Waterford, found by L. S. Glascott.
Ranunculus Lingua L. Common in streams and drains about Blenheim, near Waterford.
Aquilegia vulgaris L. Frequent on fences and by road-sides about Blenheim.
Cochlearia anglica L. D 2. Abundant in the creeks about Blenheim, and on the shores opposite Waterford city.
Geranium }iyrenaicum. L. On a fence by the road near Passage. iFceiticuhuu officinale All. On a fence near the Dunmore crobs-
8 NOTES ON POND WE EDS.
roads ; in a stream between Ballinakill Church and Blenheim Hill ; at the foot of a Hill near Creaden Head.
XPastinaca sativa L. By a wall facing the sea at Passage.
Dipsacus sylvestris L. Frequent throughout the county. *Crejns taraxacifoUa Thuill. D 2. Four or five plants of this species were growing by the side of the Avenue at Blenheim.
Lithospermum officinale L. Fields about Blenheim.
Calamhitha officinalis Moench. Boad-sides near Passage and Ballinamona.
Hordeum pratense Huds. The marsh under Blenheim Hill.
[Note. — Verhascum Blattaria L. and Bronnis madritensis L. were gathered on a strip of waste ground at the Waterford Traraore Bailway-station, where, no doubt, they were recently introduced.]
NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. By Alfred Fryer.
Potamogeton coriaceus mihi. (P. luceus var. coriaceus Nolte). — Stems sprmging from a tuberous rootstock, 1-4 ft, long, stout, round, much branched from the base, or simple below in strong shoots produced late in the season. Lower branches permanently submerged ; upper branches ultimately ascending to the surface and spreading into numerous branchlets, each of which is terminated by coriaceous fioatiny leaves, which, from the shortness of the uj)per internodes of the stem, often grow in the form of a rosette. Leaves at the base of the stem often reduced to phyllodes, succeeded by one or two which have a thickened midrib slightly winged, and are bodkin-pointed ; ordinary submerged leaves stalked or sessile, mem- branous, with numerous longitudinal ribs connected by transverse veins, which are often very conspicuous ; entire, without spinous denticidations, usually fiat or very slightly undulated, sometimes longitudinally folded and recurved, oblong or obovate, abruptly narrowed into a blunt, somewhat concave mucro, often gradually narrowed to the base so as to become clavate in outline, more rarely lanceolate, or elliptical and acuminate. Upper leaves coriaceous, all stalked; lamina 1^-3 in. long by 1-1-^ in. broad, always greatly exceeding the petiole, w^th the slender midrib bordered on each side by elongate chain-like areolations, forming a narrow band of thinner texture than the opaque body of the leaf, with 8-10 trails- lucent lateral ribs on each side, 2-3 of which are more conspicuous than the rest or translucent and of the same texture as the submerged leaves ; obovate, or roundish, or clavate, rarely elliptical, somewhat abruptly narrowed into the short convex tip. Stipules herbaceous, large, blunt, slightly winged on the back, with numerous anastomosing longitudinal veins. Flower-spikes usually terminal, stout, cylindrical, dense, 1^ in. long. Peduncle very stout, swollen upwards, slightly curved at the time of flowering, but usually straight and erect in fruit. Drupelets rather small in proportion to
NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. 9
the size of the plant ; inner margin nearly straight, terminated by the short beak ; outer margin semicircular, with an acute, almost winged keel, from which the lateral ridges are rather distant, projecting at right angles from the base of the fruit. Colour of the whole plant bright green, or brownish green, usually drying darker.
P. curiaceiis is closely allied to P. Zizii, from which, however, it is readily separable in its typical state by the densely-coriaceous floating leaves, which resemble those of P. heterupJujIlus in texture, and which are obovate, oblun/j, or orbicular, not elliptical, as in Zizii. The whole of the foliage, too, is usually flatter, and the lower leaves have no denticulations, and are rarely crenulate when dry ; they are also more coarsely reticulate, resembling in this respect those of P. lucens. The fruit is more acutely keeled, and with the sides much flatter than that of P. Zizii. From P. lucens the coriaceous floating leaves sufiQciently distinguish it ; I think we may now safely assume that lucens never produces coriaceous leaves ; the specimens distributed by Dr. Bos well from Kinghorn Loch, Fife, certainly are a form of P. Zizii, and it is highly probable that some such form has in all instances furnished the reputed " /i/c^-^zs with coriaceous leaves." P. coriaceus in some states may be mistaken for P. heterophyllus, but it differs in the lamina of the coriaceous leaves always greatly exceeding the petiole in length, by the much larger lower leaves, and by the great mass of the foliage rising to the surface of the water ; although, as in P. Zizii, some of the lower branches always remain submerged.
P. coriaceus seems almost equally allied to Zizii, lucens, and heterophyllus, states of all three of which it at times closely resembles ; another remarkable resemblance — remarkable because there is no alliance — remains to be noticed : when growing in very shallow water, or exposed to the air on mud, it so closely simulates the "land form" of P. itlayitafjineus as to be barely distinguishable.
As it is here sought for the first time to establish P. coriaceus as a species, the following synonymy is given : —
Potamoqeton lucens var. lacustre Thore, * Cliloris des Landes,' p. 46, 1803 (or 1798?).
Mr. Bennett tells me that Nolte, in his herbarium, quotes the above synonym for his P. lucens var. coriaceus, and so I repeat it here ; but, from There's description, " Feuilles parfaiteinent ellip- tiques'' and "nerveures tres-saillantes,'" I do not think it represents our plant, but very well agrees with Dr. Boswell's ''lucens with floating leaves,'' which I am unable, on the evidence of the poor specimens I have seen, to place under coriaceus.
P. lucens ^. coriaceus Nolte, in Kohling's * Deutschlands Flora,' p. 850, 1823. — This is the first pubhcation of Nolte's plant, who sent named specimens, gathered in 1821, to the editors, Merteus and Koch.
Subsequently Nolte himself published his plant in his 'NoviticTB Florae Holsaticae,' 1828, p. 21, footnote (a copy of which, by the kindness of my ever-helpful friend, Mr. Bennett, I am able to give): — " Hanc quoque speciem florescentem cum coriaceis foliis natantibus sestate a. 1821 reperi, nomincque Potamogeton lucentis
10 NOTES ON PONDWEEDS.
coriacei notatum mense Martio a. 1822, cum Cel. Profesaore Mertens commuuicavi. Post inserta est Mertens et Koch, Flor, Germ, i., p. 850."
Fries, * Novitiae Florae Suecicfe,' ed. 2, 1828, p. 84 :— "P. lucens y. amphibius, anomalus, foliis natantibus chartaceis ovalibus
brevissime petiolatis Scaniae lectus." Fries quotes Mertens
and Koch, ' Deutschlands Flora,' and his description well agrees ■with Nolte's plant.
Reichenbach, • Icones,' vol. vii. p. 23, 1845, gives an excellent account of this plant under "P. Incem var. ^. coriaceus Nolte," and a very good figure on tab. 37. Following Nolte, he quotes Thore's lucens-lacustre as a synonym.
Dr. H. Trimen, in his admirable paper on P. Zizii (' Journal of Botany,' Oct. 1879), amongst the synonyms of that species, doubt- fully quotes Nolte's coriaceus, and says : — " Reichenbach has given an excellent figure in the * Icones,' t. 37, drawn from an authentic specimen, and well agreeing with one in the Museum herbarium,
gathered by Nolte in 1821, at Schalisch, in Lauenberg It
is, I think, rightly referred to luceiis in a wide sense, but is not quite Zizii ; nor does it agree completely with the lucem with floating leaves from Kinghorn Loch, Fife, collected by Mr. Bos well (Syme). Some British botanists would certainly call it heterophyllus.''
In July, 1885, I found P. coriaceus at Welches' Dam, near Chatteris, and, seeing it did not well agree with any local form of P. Zizii, I sent a specimen to Mr. Arthur Bennett, who subsequently published a short note on it in the 'Journal of Botany' for 1886. In this note Mr. Bennett agrees with me in considering P. Zizii to be its nearest ally. This was the first publication of the plant as a British species.
The species which have already been separated from the old Linnean P. lucens are so crowded with varieties that I think most workers at the genus will welcome an attempt to lessen the number by further specific segregation. P. coriaceus certainly does not come nearer to P. Zizii than that species does to P. lucens, so that in proposing its specific segregation I am merely following a generally- accepted precedent. We have here, as in Zizii, a form that in its typical state is recognisable at a glance, and to which Dr. Trimen's observations on that species may well apply: — '• Probably the arrangement most in accordance with Nature, how- ever, is that followed by Chamisso and Schlechtendal in their monograph of the genus published in 1827 (' Linnaea,' ii., p. 201), where P. Zizii is accorded equal rank with P. lucens and P. hetero- phyllus, all being regarded as sub-species of one super-species, P. Froteus C. & S." At present, however, I prefer to class all such forms as species, leaving the final settlement of their rank to the time when the whole genus shall be better known.
Probably P. coriaceus will be found widely spread over the British Isles, although I have seen no specimens that I can refer with certainty to it, besides those I gathered in 1885, and more abundantly in the present season.
11
HEPATIC.^ OF WICKLOW. By David McArdle.
In the latter part of 1887 and in the present year I paid four visits to Altadore Glen, Co. Wicklow, in search of Hepaticce. The distance from Bray is about nine miles ; the route is through the most beautiful and picturesque part of the county. It is a pretty, wooded glen, divided by a stream on which are several cascades on the wet rocks ; at one we gathered the rare Dumortiera, which grows luxuriantly, and on the trunks of decayed trees and on moist stones Lejeunea jiava Swartz is plentiful. The occurrence of these two plants, which have such an interesting geographical distri- bution, is a true indication of the genial moist atmosphere they enjoy, similar to that in which they are found in South America and in Java, and which makes many parts of Ireland so rich in this interesting family of plants.
The appended list is provisional only, and is by no means intended as complete. The principal object in writing it is with the hope that some person interested in Liverworts and other Cryptogams may be induced to visit that interesting part of the Co. Wicklow. * indicates an addition to the Flora of the district.
Marchantia polymorpha L. ; Eng. Bot. t. 100. Dumortiera irrigua Nees. Lunularia cruciata L., Dumort.
Frullania HutchinsicB Hook. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 1 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2480.
F. dilatata L. ; Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 8. Lejeunea serpyllifolia (Mich., Dicks.), Libert. *L. patens Lindberg ; Moore, Irish Hepat. pi. 48. L. serpyllifolia var. ovata Nees.
,, var. translucida Spruce MSS.
*L. ftava Swartz. L. Moorei Lindberg ; Moore, Irish Hepat. pi. 44. Radula complanata L., Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 81. Cephalozia bicuspidata L., Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 11. *C curvifolia Dicks., Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 16. *C. connivens Dicks., Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 15.
Lophocolea bidentata L., Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 80. *L. heterophylla Schrad. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 31. Although I have followed many good authorities in placing this in the rank of a species, we find it approximates so closely to the foregoing that it is difficult sometimes to separate one from the other. It is un- common in Ireland ; reported from the south and west. I have not gathered it before.
L. spicata Taylor; Cooke, Brit. Hepat. p. 15, pi. 118. One of the most beautiful of the genus, and a scarce plant in Britain. It was collected in the same glen by the late Dr. Moore in 1873. I found it in patches on the trunks of trees which have fallen and decayed, not mixed with any other species of liverwort, as it is generally found in other localities.
12 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH HANTS.
Kantia Triclwmanis Dicks. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 79.
Fla(/iochHa asplenoides L., Dumort. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 13.
P. spinulosa Dicks., Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 14. *Blasia pusiUa L. ; Jung. Blasia ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 82-81.
Pellia epiplnjlla Dill., Racldi ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 47.
Metzgeria furcata h., Dumort.; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 55-56. *M. co7tjiif/((t(( Dill., Lindb. Mouogr. No. 7 ; Bisch. Handb. Bot. Term. t. 50,' fig. 275 c; Dill. Hist. Muse. t. 74, fig. 45.
liiccardia multijida Dill., L. ; Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 45.
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH HANTS. By THE Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, F.L.S.
The part of Hants to which these notes refer is the south-west corner, extending from Bournemouth to Lyndhurst, and comprising Districts I. to III. of Mr. Townsend's ' Flora of Hampshire.' The localities given are of course, as a rule, additional to those found in that work, and in most cases are of interest only as first records for one or other of the districts named, so filling some of the minor gaps in the Flora. These first records for the districts are marked by an asterisk attached to the numerals L, II., or III. immediately before the localities. General remarks as to frequency refer only to this south-west corner of Hants.
The observations date from September, 1885, to the present time, and I am myself responsible for most of the localities given, Mr. T. R. Archer Briggs having supplied the rest while staying with me at Bournemouth. I am much indebted to him (as so often before) for ready help in determining the Rubi, on some of which I have also had the benefit of Prof. Babington's and Dr. Focke's opinions.
Ranunculus Lenormandi F. Schultz. I. Ditches, Sopley Common, abundant; some of it very like R. intermedins Knaf. — R. auricomns L. I.* Bournemouth West, under bushes in a garden-border. Denizen?
Fapaver duhium L. I. About Bournemouth, in several places.
Fumaria confnsa Jord. II.* Mudeford.
Ihirbarea precox R. Br. I.-^- About Bournemouth. III. (1) Sway. Milton.
Card amine liirsutalj . I.* Bournemouth. II.* Christchurch, &c. — C. Jiexnosa With. I.* Bournemouth.
Camelina sativa Crantz. I. By railroad, Bournemouth West. Casual, 1888.
Rrassica Rapa L., c. Brit/i/sii H. C. Wats. P. Cultivated and waste ground between Wick and Hengistbury Head ; abundant. — JJ. alba Boiss. I. Wick. II. Newtown.
Senehiera didyma Pers. I.* Bournemouth ; garden- weed.
Thlaspi arvense L. I. Bourne Valley. III. (1) Sway.
Tecsdalia nudicaulis R. Br. I. Turbar}^ Common.
Viola Reichmbachiana Bor. I.* Bournemouth West. — V. lactea
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH HANTS. 13
Sm. I.* Heaths and commoos all round Bournemouth, in great quantity ; a few of the plants just like those which I received from Watson as his var. intermedia. II.* Border of Chewton Common. HI. (1) Border of Forest, near Lyndhurst Road.
PoUjfjala oxyptera Reichb. I.'^- By the sea at Boscombe and Southbourne. III. (1)* Near Lyndhurst Road.
Silene Cucubalus Wibe., b. yuhenda Syme. I.''^' West Cliff, Bournemouth. Sopley Common.
Cerastium semidecaitdnun L. I. West Cliff, Bournemouth. — C. arvense L. I. By the Bourne. On the heath near Bournemouth Cemetery.
ScKjina ciliata Fr. Very common. — S. subulata Presl. III. (1) Milton. — S. iiodosa'Ei. Mey. I."^ Sopley Common. III. (1) Marshy meadow, Sway.
Hypericum duhium Leers. III. (1) Near Sway; apparently rare.
Ononis repens L. I. Near Hengistbury. III. (1)* Milton.
Tn'yoneUa j'urpurascens Lam. I. West Cliff Moor, Bournemouth. II. Chewton Common.
Trifolium glomeratum L. II. Chewton Common. — T. hyhridum. L. I."^' About Bournemouth. Pokesdown. III. (I) Milton. Sway. Plainly increasing.
Lotus hispidus Desf. II. Christchurch, near railway- station ; abundant, 1888.
ViciatetraspermalslcBnQh. II.* Hinton. III. (1) Sway. Milton. — F. sepium L. I.* Wick.
Paihus suherectus Anders. II. Highcliffe. — R. Jissus Lindl. and it. iiitidusV^. &N.t III. (1)"' Brockenhurst. — Var. hamulosus P. J. Miill.t III. (1)* Lyndhurst Road; locally abundant. — " R. divari- catus P. J. MuelL, a form of the nitidus group." Thus Dr. Focke names a beautiful plant that I found last summer between Hinton and Highcliffe in Dist. II.* — R. cordifolius Genev. (non Focke ).f I.* Wood east of Hern Station, in plenty; also one of the nitidus group, I should say. — R. affinisyV. & 1^. Rare. I.* Bournemouth West Cliff, near Middle Chine, for a short distance. — R. Lindleianus Lees. Fairly frequent. Near Brockenhurst, III. (1),* I have also found what Mr. Briggs has pronounced " quite satisfactory" speci- mens of the Devon rhamnifolian referred to in his ' Flora of Plymouth ' as allied to Lindleianus. This, in Dr. Focke's opinion, resembles very much the continental Pl. hifrons Vest., though he declines to give a positive determination. — R. rhamnifolius W. & N. and R. rusticanus Merc. Common. — R. leucostachys Sm. Fairly common. I. Pokesdown. II. Highchffe. III. (1) Milton. Sway. Brocken- hurst. Lyndhurst Road. — it. calvatm Blox. One of the commonest and best-marked Rubi throughout the district, and especially about Bournemouth, where it is exceptionally luxuriant, and has more hooked prickles than usual. IL* Hinton, &c. — it. villicaulis Koehl. L* Bournemouth, West CHff. III. (1) Milton.— ZZ. Maassii Focke ? I. Bournemouth, West Cliff, in several places. IIL (1) Sway. This is certainly the plant which we in England used to call umhrosiis
t Name given or confirmed l>y Prof. C. C. Babington.
14 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH HANTS.
Arrli. ; but I do not know whether Dr. Focke would name it Maassii. It seems less common in Hants and Dorset than in Devon. -- Fi. macrophijUus W. & N. Certainly uncommon. II. Hinton. High- cliffe. III. (1) Lyndhurst Road. — A'. mucro/mi/<s Blox. Frequent throughout the district, though not given for the county in Mr. Townsend's ' Flora.' A beautiful plant, but almost without setae. Name confirmed by Prof. Babington and Dr. Focke. — E. Sprengelii Weihe. HI. (1) Lyndhurst Road. — R. Bloxamii Lees. Frequent. — E. ecliinatus Lindl. III. (1)''' Between Brockenhurst and Lynd- hurst, but not seen elsewhere. — B. Radula Weihe. Very common. — E. Ka'hieri Weihe, b. infestiis Bab. III. (1)* Sway. — E. diversi- folius Lindl. Common. II.* Hinton. — E. Balfourianus Blox. III. (1)* Milton. Sway. — E. con/lifulius Hm. Frequent; chiefly suhlitstris. II.* Hinton. — E. ctrshcs L. Apparently rare. I. Wick. There are a few other Rubi, which Mr. Briggs and I have found between Bournemouth and Lyndhurst, but, as they seem to require further study, I omit them here.
Potentilla prociuubens Sibth. I.* Sopley Common. III. (I)* Milton. Sway. — P. argentea L. I. Grove Road, Bournemouth.
Eosa spinosissima L. II.* Hinton. — E. tomentosa Sm. III. (I) Milton. Brockenhurst. — Var. sylvestris Lindl. III. (1) Brocken- hurst. — Var. scabriuscida Sm. III. (1) Milton. — E. rubiginosa L. IL* Hinton. Mudeford. III. (1) Cliffs, Barton. Forest, Lynd- hurst Road. — E. micrantha Sm. Frequent in II. & III. (1), especially on the borders of the Forest. — E. canina L., lutetiana (Lemau). IL* Hinton. — Vars. dumalis (Bechst.) and obtusifolia (Desv.). Com- mon. — Var. vinacea Baker. I.* Sopley Common. III. (1) Lynd- hurst Road. — Var. urbica (Leman). Seen in III. (Ij, but not abundantly. — Vars. arvatica Baker and dumetorum (Thuill). III. (1) Brockenhurst Common. — Vars. tomentella (Leman), andegavensis (Bast.), and verticiliacantha (Merat), (the form latehrosa Desegl.). III. (1) Sway. — E. systyla Bast. I.* Pokesdown. Sopley Common. II. * Hmton. Apparently general. — E. leucochroa Desv. III. (1) Near Lyndhurst Road, in one spot (with several of the white flowers open, July, 1887).
Drosera intermedia Hayne, b. subcaulescens Melvill. I.* Turbary Common. Sopley Common. May not this state of intermedia (it is surely no more) be the plant formerly reported from Hants as D. anglica (vide Fl. Hants, p. 46) ?
Callitriche obtusangida Le Gall. I. Sopley Common, in plenty.
Sison Amomum L. I.* Near Hern Railway-station. Bourne- mouth, garden-bank, in one place.
Pimpinella Saxifraga L. II. * Hinton.
Cornus sanguinea L. I.* By Hern Railway-station.
Valenana sambucifulia Mikan ? III. (1)* Brockenhurst.
Erigeron acre L. HI. (1) Moor between Sway and Milton.
Matricaria C ha mom ill a L. I.* Southbourne.
Artemisia Absinthium L. L* Bourne Valley, in one place.
Seuecio eriici/olius L. II. * Highcliffe. III. (1) Sway and Milton, frequent.
Unopordum Acanthium L. I. By railroad near Hern Station, in considerable quantity, 1887.
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH HANTS. 15
Silyhum Marianum GaBrtn. I. Middle Chine, Bournemouth ; covering a large piece of ground, 1886-88.
Cichorium Intyhus L. I. Boscombe. Near Hern Station. II. Hinton.
Hieracium vid/jatum Fr. II.* Hinton. III. (1) Milton. — H. umheJlatum L. II. HighcUffe. — R. horeale Fr. I.* Southbourne. Alum Chine, in plenty (with umhellatum). III. (1) Milton. Sway.
Tragopogon pratensis L. I.* Bournemouth.
Centuncuhis minimus L. II.* Chewton Common.
MicrocalaJiH/ormisIjink. II. Chewton Common. III. (1) Milton.
Blaclistonia per/oliata Huds. and Erythrma pulchella Fr. III. (1) Moor near Sway,
Gentiana Pneumonanthe L. I. West Cliff, Bournemouth ; still abundant. — G. Amarella L. II.* Chewton Common.
Menyanthes trifoliata L. I. West Cliff, Bournemouth.
Lithospermum arvense L. I.* Bournemouth, in nursery garden, and by West Station.
Echium vuhjare L. I.* Near Hern Station.
Solaniim nignim L. I. Wick, in plenty. By Hern Station. Bourne- mouth. II. Mudeford.
Linaria Elatine Mill. II. Highcliffe. III. (1) Milton. Sway. Lyndhurst.
Bartsia viscosa L. II. Boggy meadow, Highcliffe.
Thymus Chamadrys Fr. II. Chewton Common. III. (1) Ashley Common. Sway.
Calamintha officinalis Moench. Seen only near Sway, III. (1).
Chenopodium miwale L. I.* Wick, near farm, one plant, 1886. — C. Boniis-Henricus L. I.* Bournemouth, edge of moor behind Brank- 8ome Wood Road, a considerable clump of plants.
AtripJex littoralis L. I.* Near Hengistbury. — Var. marina L. 11. Mudeford. — A. hastata L. III. (1) Sway. — A. deltoidea Bab. II. Highcliffe.
Polygonum dumetorum L. I.* Border of Jumpers' Common, in fair quantity, 1888. — P. maritimum L. H. Mudeford, one plant seen in 1888. — P. amphibium L., b. terrestre Leers. IH. (1)* Lynd- hurst Road.
Riimex acutus L. I.* About Bournemouth, and in Alum Chine especially, frequent. Near Hengistbury. III. (1) Milton.
Mercurialis annua L. II.* Mudeford.
Betula alba L. I.* Jumpers' Common. II.* Hinton. — B. glu- tinosa Fr. II.* Hinton. III. (1) Milton.
Salix fragilis L., S. triandra L., S. purpurea L., S. viminalis L., and S. ferriujinea G. Anders. I.* Wick. — S. cinerea L. and 5. aurita L. L* Alum Chine.
Ruppia rostellata Koch. I.* By the Harbour between Wick and Hengistbury Head ; in fruit, Sept. 1886.
Zostera marina L., b. angustifolia Fr. I.* Bournemouth Beach, with the type.
Carea; pallescem L. III. (1) Forest north of Brockenhurst, in plenty. — C. j^seudo-Cyperus L. I.* Sopley Common, near Hern Station.
16 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.
Alopecuriis ayrestis L. I/'' Bourne Valley. III. (1) Milton. Sway. — A. pratensis L. III. (1) Sway.
Agrustis nhjra With. III. (D* Eailway-banks near Sway; abundant, 1888.
Deschampsia flexuosa Trin. I. Jumpers' Common. Sopley Common.
Ai-ejia strigosa Sclireb. I.* Wick. — A./atua L. I.* East Cliflf, Bournemouth. III. (1) Sway.
Glyceria pllcata Fr. III. (1) Milton.
Festuca pratensis Huds. I.* By River Stour, at Throop.
]) romics gigaiiteus Ij. III. (1)* Sway.
Lulium italicum Braun. I.* Bournemouth. II. Hinton.
Klymus arenarius L. I.* Cliffs between Boscombe and Bourne- mouth.
Laatrcea spinulosa Presl. I. Wood near Hern Station ; in plenty, with L. dilatata.
Of the plants referred to in this paper, the following are not given for S. Hants either in the 'Flora of Hampshire ' or in * Topo- graphical Botany' : — Brassica Bnggsil, Pohjgala oxyptera, Rosa vina- cea, R. arvatica, R.obtusi folia, R.leucochroa, Riibiisjissus, R. nitidus and var. hamulosus, R. divaricatus, R. cordi/olius (Genev.), R. mucronatus, Agrostis nigra, and FAymus arenarius {vide Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 284, where " South Wilts " is a misprmt for " South Hants ").
I add the following " garden outcasts," more or less established on different parts of the West Cliff, Bournemouth : — Alyssum mari- timum, Oxalls stricta, Sedum album, Linaria Cymbalaria, Myosutis syhatica, Anchusa sempervirens, Polygonum Fagopyrum, and Asparagus officinalis.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.
(Continued from p. 37 G).
Gage, Sir Thomas (1781-1820) : b. 1781 ; d. Rome, 27th Dec. 1820; bur. iu the Gesu, Rome. Bart. F.L.S. , 1802. Of Hengrave Hall, Suffolk. Lichenologist. Contributed to Eng. Bot. (1671, 2541, 2575, 2580, &c.). Collected in Suffolk, Ire- land, and Portugal. Smith Lett. ii. 235, 264 ; Ann. Bot. ii. 555 ; Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 328 ; Gillow, Diet. Catholic Biogr. iii. ; Bot. Mag. 935. Portr. in Gage's Hist. Hengrave. Qagea Raddi = Zygodon. (iagea Salisb. Verrucaria Oagci Borr.
Gainsborough, Henry, Earl of [See Noel, Henry] .
Galpine, John (d. 180(J). Of Blandford, Dorset. A.L.S., 1798. ' Synoptical Compendium of British Botany,' 1806. Pritz. 116; Jacks. 283.
Garden, Alexander (1728-1791) : b. Scotland, 1728; d. Cecil St., Strand, 15th April, 1791. M.D., Edinb., 1752. Practised nearly
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 17
thirty years, from 1752, in Chaiiestown, S. Carolina. Pupil of Alston. Correspondent of Collinson, Ellis, and Linnaeus. Memb. Roy. Soc. Upsala. F.E.S., 1773. R. S. C. ii. 767; Rees ; Appleton, Cyclop^ed. Amer. Biog. 594 ; Ramsay, Hist. S. Caro- lina, ii. ; Linn. Letters, i. 282-605 ; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 70. Gardenia Ellis.
Gardiner, William (c. 1809-1852) : b. Dundee, c. 1809 ; d. Dundee, 10th or 21st June, 1852. A.L.S., 1849. Contributed to Loudon's Mag. Nat. Hist. 1832-1836, and to Trans. Bot. Soc. Ediiib. 1839. Assoc. Bot. Soc. Ediub. 1838. ' Twenty Lessons on British Mosses,' 1846; 2nd series, 1849. 'Botanical Rambles in Braemar,' 1845. ' Flora of Forfar,' 1848. Published sets of Scottish plants. Pritz. 117; Jacks. 549; R. S. C. ii. 767; Gard. Chron. 1852, 406, 423; Cott. Card. viii. 210; Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 244. Sj/htxria Gardincri Berkeley.
Gardner, George (1812-1849) : b. Glasgow, May, 1812 ; d. Neura Ellia, Ceylon, 10th March, 1849. M.D., Glasgow, 1835. F.L.S., 1842. Pupil of W. J. Hooker at Glasgow. ' Pocket Herbarium of Brit. Mosses,' 1836. Travelled in Brazil, 1836-1841. Superintendent, Bot. Gard., Peradenia, Ceylon, 1844. ' Organ Mountains,' Mag. Zool. Bot. 1838, 165. * Travels in Brazil,' 1846. Brought 7000 spp. from Brazil. Brazil Herb, in Herb. Mus. Brit. Pritz. 117 ; Jacks. 549; R. S. C. ii. 768; Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. (1836), 1, 344; Gard. Chron. 1849,263; 1851, 343; Cott. Gard. h. 74; Journ. Bot. 1849, 154; 1851, 188; Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 40. Brass tablet in Peradeniya Garden, Journ. Bot. 1884, 32. Gardneria Wall.
Garet, or Garret, James (fl. 1597). Of London. Apothecary. Tulip-grower. Correspondent of Clusius. Detected errors in Geiard. Pult. i. 115, 124 ; Lobel, ' Illustrationes,' 2, 3; Clusius, ' Libri Exoticorum.' Translated a Costa.
Gamier, Thomas (1776 ?-1873) : b. Wickham, Hants, 1776 ; ? d. 29th June, 1873. Clerk. B.C.L., Oxon, 1800. F.L.S., 1798. Rector of Bishopstoke, 1807-1868. Dean of Winchester, 1840. Hants Plants, 'Hampshire Repository,' i. (1798); Eng. Bot. 1471 ; R. S. C. ii. 771 ; Journ. Bot. 1873, 256 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1873-4, 51.
Garnons^ William Lewes Pugh (d. 1863) : d. Ultiug, Essex, 5th March, 1863. Clerk. F.L.S., 1825. B.A., Camb., 1814. M.A., 1817. B.D., 1824. Vicar of Ulting, 1848. Contributed to ' Flora of Essex.' ' Selection of Madeira Flowers,' 1845. Journ. Bot. 1863, 160.
Gatty, Margaret, nee Scott (1809-1873) : b. Burnham, Essex, 1809; d. Ecclesfield, York, 4th Oct. 1873; m. Rev. Alfred Gatty, D.D., 1839. Studied AlgEe from 1848-9. Corresponded with. Harvey from 1850. ' British Seaweeds,' 1863. Journ. Bot. 1873, 352.
Gawler [See Ker, J. B.] .
Gerard, John (1545-1612): b. Nantwich, Cheshire, 1545; d. London, February, 1612 ; bur. St. Andrew's Holborn. Barber- surgeon. Had garden between Ely Place and Field J_jaue, Journal of Botany.— Vol. 27. [Jan., 1889.] c
18 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.
Holborn. Travelled in Denmark, Kussia, &c., ' Herball,' p. 1223.
* Catalogus .... plautarum ... in liorto,' 1596 ; ed. 2, 1599 ; reprinted, 1876. 'Herball,' 1597: emended ed., 1633. Pult. i. 116-125; Rees; Pritz. 120; Jacks. 650; Life, by B. D. Jackson, 1876 ; Fl. Midd. 369 ; London, 'Arboretum,' 37-40; Journ. Hort. xxviii. (1875), 145, with portr. Eugr. portr. in
♦ Herball,' ed. 1, by W. R. (Bogers ?), and in ed. 2, by J. Payne. Geninlia Plnmier.
Gerrard, William Tyrer (d. 1866) : d. Foul Point, Madagascar,
1866. Of Natal. Plants at Dublin. Harvey, Gen. S. African
Plants, 128 ; Journ. Bot. 1866, 367 ; Gard. Chron. 1866, 1042.
Gerrardantlius Harv. Gibbs, George (fl. 1634). Of Bath. Surgeon. Brought plants
from Virginia, and cultivated 117 exotics. Johnson, 'Mercurius
Botanicus,' 1634. Gibson, Alexander (1800-1867) : b. Lawrencekirk, Kincardinesh.,
24th Oct. 1800; d. Bombay, 16th Jan. 1867. M.D., Edinb.
F.L.S., 1853. Conservator of Forests, Bombay. 'Bombay
Flora' (with Dalzell), 1861. Pritz. 121; Jacks. 550; Proc.
Linn. Soc. 1866-7, xxxiii. ; R. S. C. ii. 873. Gibson, George Stacey (183 8-1883) : b. Saffron Walden, Essex,
20th July, 1818; d. Bishopsgate St., 5th April, 1883; bur.
Friends' Burial-ground, Saffron Walden. Banker. F.L.S.,
1847. Contributed to ' Phytologist.' Correspondent of Watson.
Discovered Galium VaiUantii, &c. ' Flora of Essex,' 1862. Pritz.
121 ; Jacks. 252 ; R. S. C. h. 874 ; vii. 770 ; Top. Bot. 545 ;
Journ. Bot. 1883, 161, with photo, portr. ; Trans. Essex Field
Club, iv., with engr. portr. ; Friends' Books, i. 838 ; Proc. Linn.
Soc. 1882-3, 41. Gibson, Jabez (d. 1838) : d. Saffron Walden, 1838. Uncle to the
preceding. Banker. Founder of the Saffron Walden Museum.
Lexden plants, Loudon, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1834, 17. Gibson, Samuel (1790 ?-1849) : b. 1790?; d. Hebden Bridge,
Yorkshire, 21st May, 1849. Whitesmith, of Hebden Bridge.
Contributed to 'Phytologist,' Newman's 'Ferns,' &c. Herbarium
bought by Mark Philips, M.P. Some collections at Peel Park
Museum, Sheffield. Cash, 157 ; R. S. C. ii. 874. Carex
Gibson i Bab. Gilbert, Davies, nee Giddy (1767-1839): b. St. Erth, Cornwall,
6th March, 1767 ; d. Oxford, 24th Dec. 1839. M.A., Oxon, 1789.
D.C.L., 1832. LL.D.,Camb., 1832. F.R.S., 1791 ; President,
1827-1831. F.L.S., 1792. M.P. for Helston, 1804-1832.
m. Mary Ann Gilbert, 1806, and took name of Gilbert, 1817.
Assisted Withering in 'Arr. of Brit. PL,' ed. 3. Gilby, William Hall (fl. 1814-1821). 'Respiration of Plants,'
Edm. Phil. Journ. iv. 100 (1821). Pritz. 121 ; R. S. C. ii. 884. Gilchrist, James (1813-1886): b. Collin, Dumfriesshire, 21st
June, 1813; d. Dumfries, 1886. M.D., 1850. President
Dumfries Field Club. ' Geological Relations of Alpine Plants,'
Proc. Edin. Bot. Soc. 1855, 9. Trans. 15ot. Soc. Edin. xvii. 2;
R. S. C. ii. 884.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 19
Gillies, John (fl. 1830). M.D. ResicTed at Mendoza. Collected in Chili. MS. 'Flora Orcadensis ' [with Alexander Duguid] , 1832. Watson, ' Top. Bot.' 545 ; R. S. C. ii. 889 ; Miers, Trav. ChiH, i. 226 ; Lasegue, 486 ; Bot. Misc. iii. 1 30. Plants at Kew and Brit. Mus. Gilliesii Lindl.
Gilpin, William (1724-1804): b. Scaleby Castle, Carlisle, 4th June, 1724 ; d. Vicar's Hill, Boldre, Hants, 5th April, 1804 ; bur. Boldre Churchyard. Clerk. B.A., Oxon, 1744. M.A., 1748. Vicar of Boldre, 1777. Prebend, of Salisbury. * Forest Scenery,' 1791. Autobiog. Cumberl. & Westm. Antiq. Soc. 1879; Gent. Mag. 74 (1804), i. 388; Nich. Anecd. i. 639; ii. 253 ; viii. 643, 657 ; Nich. Illustr. i. 778. Portr. by H. Walton, engr. by G. Clinch.
Giraud, Herbert (fl. 1840). M.D. F.Bot. Soc.Edin. 'Vege- table Embryology,' Mag. Zool. Bot. v. (1840), 225; Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 161 ; R. S. C. ii. 902. Went to India.
Gisborne, Thomas (d. 1846): d. Durham, 1846. Of Yoxhall Lodge, Staff. Clerk. Prebend, of Durham. F.L.S., 1799. Sent Epimedium to Smith. Eng. Bot. 438, 530, 616, 1557; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 299.
Gissing, Thomas W. (1829-1870) : b. Halesworth, Suffolk, 2nd Aug. 1829; d. Wakefield, 28th Dec. 1870; bur. Wakefield Cemetery. Druggist. * Materials for Fl. of Wakefield,' 1867. Jacks. 261; R. S. C. ii. 907 ; vii. 783 ; Pharm. Journ. 1871, 556.
Glasspoole, Hampden Gledstanes (1825-1887): b. Ormesby St. Michael, Norfolk, 6th April, 1825 ; d. Hammersmith, 5th March, 1887 ; bur. Ormesby. Contributed to * Science Gossip.' Found Carex Uinervis. Journ. Bot. 1887, 382.
Glen, Andrew (1666 ?-1732) : b. 1666?; d. Hathern, Leicester. 1st Sept. 1732; bur. Hathern. Clerk. B.A., Camb., 1683. M.A., 1687. Rector of Hathern, 1694. Friend of Ray. Travelled in Sweden and Italy. Formed a herbarium (1685-1692) of 700 native and 400 exotic spp. (200 Italian). Pult. ii. 63 ; Nich. Anecd. viii. 196 ; Nichols, * History of Leicestershire,' iii. 846.
Glyn, Thomas (fl. 1633). Found Diotis maritima in Wales. Pult. i. 136 ; Johnson, ' Ger. Em.'
Goddard, Jonathan (1617 ?-1675j : b. Greenwich, 1617 ; d. London, 24th March, 1675 ; bur. in chancel. Great St. Helen's, Bishopsgate. M.B., Camb. 1638. M.D., 1643. F.R.C.P., 1646. Warden of Merton College, Oxon, 1651. Prof, of Physic, Gresham College, 1655. * Observations concerning ... a Tree,' 1664. ' Fruit-trees' Secrets,' 1664. Munk, i. 240.
Goldie, John (1793-1886): b. Maybole, Ayrsh., 21st March, 1793; d. Ayr, Waterloo Co., U.S.A., June, 1886. Gardener and collector. Discovered liiunex aqunticus. Eng. Bot. 2698 ; E. S. C. ii. 929 ; Journ. Bot. 1888, 299. Aspidium Goldiamuii Hook.
Good, John Mason (fl. 1808-1825). ♦ Structure and Physiology of Plants,' 1808. Jacks. 67.
Good, Peter (d. 1803): d. Sydney, June, 1803. Kew gardener. Sent in 1796 to Calcutta. Accompanied Brown on Flinders'
c 2
20 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.
Voyage, 1801. Salisbury; Parad. Lond. t. 41 ; Gard. Chron.
1881, ii. 568; Hooker, Fl. Tasmania, cxiv. Goodia Salisb. Goodenough, Samuel (1743-1827) : b. Kingston, near Weyhill,
Hants, 29tli April, 1743 ; d. Worthing, 12th Aug. 1827 ; bur.
N. cloister, Westminster Abbey. Clerk. Student, Christ Church,
Oxen, 1760. M.A., 1767. D.C.L., 1772. Treas.L.S., 1788.
F.R.S. Kept school at Ealing, 1722. Canon of Windsor, 1798.
Dean of Kochester, 1802. Bishop of Carlisle, 1808. ' British
Fuci ' [with Woodward] , 1795. * Brit. Carices,' Trans. Linn.
Soc. ii. 126. Assisted Withering in ' Arr. Brit. PL' ed. 3. Eng.
Bot. 2206, &c. ; R. S. C. ii. 934; Nich. Illustr. vi. 245. Bust
at Linn. Soc. (ioorhnovia Sm. Goodsir, John (1814-1867) : b. Anstruther, N.B., 1814; d. South
Cottnge, Wardie, Edinburgh, 6th March, 1867 ; bur. Dean
Cemetery. M.D., Edin. F.R.S. , 1846. F.B.S.E., 1841. Prof.
Anatomy, Edin,, 1846. 'A fluid containing .... Sarcina
ventriculi'; * Conferva .... on Gold-fish,' Ann. & Mag. ix.
1842. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. ix. 118; R. S. C. ii. 936. Goodyer, John (fl. 1597-1650). Of Mapledurham, Oxon. Pult.
i. 135; Gerard, ' Herball ' ; Johnson, ' Ger. em.' pref. 560;
Parkinson ; How. Goodyera Br. Gordier, John (fl. 1640). Found Geranium lucidnm. Parkinson;
Pult. i. 153. Gordon (fl. 1774-1779). Colonel. Travellcdin Africa, 1774-1777.
Discovered and drew many StapelicB. Masson, ' Stapelia,' pref.
viii. ; Journ. Bot. 1884, 145. Stapelia Gordoni Mass. Oordon, Alexander (fl. 1793). 'Reader on Botany in London.'
Son of James Gordon, of Mile End. Milne & Gordon, 'Indi- genous Botany,' pref. vi. Jacks. 256. Gordon, Alexander (fl. 1845). Gardener. Collected in Rocky
Mountains. Joum. Bot. 1845, 492, 494. Gordon, George (1806-1879): b. Lucan, Co. Dublm, 25th Feb.
1806; d. 11th Oct. 1879. A.L.S., 1841. At Chiswick from
1828. Assisted Loudon in 'Arboretum.' ' Pinetum,' 1858.
Herbarium of Conifers at Kew. Pritz. 126 ; Jacks. 140 ;
R. S. C. ii. 945 (nos. 3-6); Gard. Chron. 1879, ii. 569. Gordon, George (fl. 1839). Of Birnie, near Elgin. Clerk. LL.D.
' Collectanea for a Flora of Moray,' 1839. MS. Flora of Moray
in Bot. Dept., Mus. Brit. Discovered Pw[/uicida alplna in 1831.
Eng. Bot. 2621, 2747; Pritz. 126; Jacks. 257; Top. Bot. 546. Gordon, James (fl. 1756). M.D., Aberdeen. Taught Alexander
Garden. Linn. Letters, i. 378. Gordon, James (d. 1780). Nurseryman, of Mile End, 1750-1776.
Worked for Lord Petre and Dr. Sherard. Correspondent of
Linnajus. Introduced Ubiius americana (1752), Sophora japonica
(1.753), and Ginkgo (1754). Pult. ii. 241 ; Linn. Letters, i. 93,
254; Rich. Corr. 390; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 78, 82; Phil.
Trans, xl. 520. Gurdouia Elhs. Gordon, William (fl. 1832). Surgeon. Of Welton, near Hull.
F..L.S., 1832. ' i\.nalogy between .... vegetables and animals,'
Loudon, Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. 1831-2. R. S. C. ii. 915.
SHORT NOTES. 21
Gorrie, Archibald (fl. 1800-1839). Of Perth. Assoc. Bot. Soc. Edin., 1839. Father of two following. R. S. C. ii. 918.
Gorrie, David (fl. 1830-1854). 'Hereditary properties of cult, plants,' Journ. Agric. viii. 314. ' Illustrations of Scripture from bot. science,' 1854. Assisted Loudon in ' Manual of Cottage Gardening,' 1830. Pritz. 126 ; R. S. C. vii. 802 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. xiv. 298.
Gorrie, William (1812 ?-l 881). Gardener. Contributed to Mag. Nat. Hist. 1828. Described Grasses in Morton's Cyclop. Agri- culture. R. S. C. ii. 948 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. xiv. 298.
Gosse, Philip Henry (1810-1888) : b. Worcester, 6th April, 1810 ; d. St. Marychurch, Torquay, 23rd Aug. 1888. A.L.S., 1849. F.R.S., 1856. In Canada, &c., 1827-44; in Jamaica, 1844.
* Canadian Naturalist,' 1840. ' Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica,' 1846. Wanderings through Kew Conservatories,' 1856. Jacks. 412; *Athena3um,' 1st Sept. 1888; R. S. C. h. 952.
Gotobed, Richard (fl. 1805). Of Eton. F.L.S., 1800. Contrib.
Berks and Bucks Lists to Bot. Guide. Eng. Bot. 738, 1295, 1501. Gough, Hon. George Stephens (fl. 1820-1852). Of Rathronan
House, near Clonmel. F.L.S., 1840. Explored Neilgherry flora.
Wight, Icon. V. h. 22. Gowjhia Wight. Gough, John (1757-1825) : b. Kendal, 17th Jan. 1757 ; d. Fowl
Ing, Kendal, 28th July, 1825 ; bur. Kendal Parish Churchyard.
Mathematician, &c. Blind from three years old. Correspondent
of Withering. Contributed to Manchester Philosophical Soc,
* On the Germination of Seeds'; to Nicholson's Phil. Mag., 'On Nutrition in Plants,' &c. Taught Dalton and Whewell. Eng. Bot. 489; R. S. C. h. 959 ; Nicholson, 'Annals of Kendal,' ed. 2, 18G1, 355-368.
(To be continued.)
SHORT NOTES. SciLLA AUTUMNALis ON St. Vincent's Rocks. — It is gratifying to be able to announce that the hope expressed in the ' Flora' [of the Bristol Coalfields] (p. 201), that this rare bulb might yet be redis- covered on St. Vincent's Rocks, has been justified. We are indebted for this pleasure to Mr. J. C. House, who, during a scramble in autumn, came upon a patch of about a hundred plants. It was somewhat per- plexing, however, to find that the spot was wade ground, the site of ancient quarrying ; but this circumstance has been explained and accounted for in a very interesting and satisfactory manner. Mrs. Glennie Smith has kindly furnished information on the matter that was conveyed to her by Mrs. Glennie, widow of Mr. William Glennie, who was engineer, under Brunei, of many great works in the West of England. The account runs as follows: — When Brunei was about to commence the construction of the Suspension Bridge, Mrs. Glennie told him that he was going to destroy the Clifton locality of SciJla autuinnalis, as it grew just where the approach on the Gloucestershire side was to be made. The engineer imme-
22 SHORT NOTES.
diately informed himself carefully of the exact spot, and, before the ground was broken, he made some of his workmen dig up the turfs containing the bulbs, and trans^Dlant them safely beyond the reach and influence of the works he was about to begin. Mrs. Glenuie could not remember if she ever knew the place to which the transference was made, but it seems tolerably clear that Mr. Brunei's care was effectual in preserving for us a choice plant, the locality for which, when undisturbed, was evidently of very small dimensions. — J. W. WmTE (in Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc. v. iii. 232).
Distribution of Caloglossa Leprieurii (Mont.) J. Ag. — This species, previously unknown to occur on the shores of the African Continent, has been found on the trunks of old trees at low water at Akassa, River Nun (chief mouth of the Niger), W. Africa. In his ' Species Algarum,' vol. iii., p. 499, J. Agardh gives as the dis- tribution of the species: — " M. Atlantico calidiore ad Americam uti-amque ; ad Novam Hollandiam et N. Zealandiam." The speci- mens m Kew Herbarium, however, show it to have a more extended range. The localities there represented are : — Atlantic shores of N. and S. America, from Fort Lee, near New York, to Cayenne ; Bermuda ; Akassa, W. Africa ; Mauritius ; Kelani River, Ceylon ; Benin Islands, N. Pacific ; Port Fairy, Victoria ; Port Curtis, Queensland; Georgetown, Tasmania; Bay of Islands, New Zealand. It has also been found in Guadeloupe. f3. subtilissiina (Martens), Calcutta. — C. H. Wright.
Crepis taraxacifolia in Middlesex. — Although not included in the ' Flora of Middlesex,' Crepis taraxacifolia has evidently been long established in the Thames and Colne valleys, for, in addition to the stations already given, I have again met with it this summer at Uxbridge and in the neighbourhood of Harefield. I found it a common weed in meadows and on railway-banks between West Drayton and Staines, and in great profusion between Staines and Laleham, some of the meadows about Laleham and Penton Hook Lock apparently producing very little else. Nearly opposite the Lock, Caiiipanida (/lumerata was abundant and luxuriant, in one place overtopping the grass, and quite tinting the meadow with its handsome blue flowers. Both species have doubtless been intro- duced by seeds brought down from the upper reaches of the river. Amongst plants collected this year, I find Foterimn innricatum from mil way-banks between Uxbridge and West Drayton — not hitherto noticed in the county, I believe. — J. Benbow.
Autumnal Flowering of Mercurialis perennis. — During the month of September, about five years ago, whilst walking along a footpath skirting a wooded hill in the neighbourhood of Preston, and occasionally scanning the flora of the hedge-bottom, my attention was attracted by the unusual sight of Mercurialis perennis in full flower. Finding the plant again in flower in September, 1884, I gathered specimens, and sent them, while fresh, to Kew. In acknowledgiiig the receipt of the plants, Sir J. D. Hooker stated that he could not find anything at all like it in the Kew Herbarium. Subsequently I sent specimens for cultivation, which, on making inquh-y last May, I learned were still growing, and were then in
SHORT NOTES. 23
flower. The following is a description of the plant, compiled from notes taken at the time it was discovered : — Rootstock short, stolo- niferous ; stem simple, 1 to 4 ft., decumbent, then ascending, some- times rooting at the nodes, angular, very shghtly hairy, leafy to the root ; leaves 2 to 6 in., opposite, shortly petioled, oblong, ovate-lanceolate, crenate, serrate, ciliate, faintly pubescent on upper surface ; stipules very minute. Flowers as in the ordinary M. jievennis ; time of flowering, September to about middle of December. From the above it will be seen that the plant differs from the ordinary spring flowering form in the decumbent habit of the stem, nodal rooting, size of leaves, but chiefly in its time of flowering, which can hardly be otherwise described than as per- manently autumnal ; and, from this feature, I suggested to Sir J. D. Hooker that it be called 3/. perennis (forma autumnaJis), a suggestion in which he acquiesced. On visiting the habitat on Saturday, Sept. 29th ult., I found the plant just breaking into flower, and displaying all the features and characteristics that distinguished it when first seen : this is the fifth autumnal flowering of the plant that I have been able to observe. Its distribution seems to be very local, for the most persistent search has hitherto failed to discover it elsewhere than in its Preston habitat ; whilst reports which have reached me from the most eminent botanists in England, prove the phenomenon to be altogether unique. — F. J. George.
New BANFPsmRE Records. — On 29th July I found, between two and three miles nearly due north from Loch Bulg, in the ravine of the stream which, flowing out of the loch, is marked on the Ordnance Map the "Bulg Burn," three ferns, Aspleniiim viride, Poli/stichuin aculeatum, and Lastrea Oreopteris, all of which, according to 'Topographical Botany,' ed. 2, have not been recorded for County 94. In the same ravine there were plenty of Aspleniiim Trichomanes, Athyrmm F ilix-fcemina , Cystojiteris dentnta, Polystichum LonchitiSj Fhecjopteris Dryopteris, and P. polypodioides. These have all been previously recorded. — Herbert D. Geld art.
Rosa stylosa var. pseudo-rusticana Crep. — In Mr. Preston's short note in this Journal for Dec. 1888, p. 377, he reports this rose on my authority as found by my son, F. A. Rogers, last summer, near Hagler's Hole, South Wilts. He adds : — " R. pseudo- riisticana is apparently an addition to the British Flora ; it was so named by M. Crepin, to whom Mr. Rogers sent specimens." This statement calls for some explanation from me. M. Crepin has not seen the Hagler's Hole rose, but last March he suggested the name pseudo-rusticana for other specimens which I sent him from Devon and Dorset, and which, I am satisfied, are identical with this Hagler's Hole plant. It is, in fact, a well-marked rose which I have known since 1877, when I discovered it, in considerable quautity, in the Teign Valley, Devon. I then labelled it " li. sfy- lona, var. with white flowers and glabrous leaves." Mr. J. G. Baker having afterwards named it B. viryhica Rip., I sent it under that name to the Botanical Exchange Club in 1885. This called forth from Mr. James Groves, the distributor for that year, the
24 SHOUT NOTES.
note, " This will not do for R. vin/inea, wkicli has glabrous peduncles." M. Crepin has now confirmed this view. He says further that he has no rose in his herbarium identical with this ; and, suggesting for it as a new variety the name pseudo-ruHticana, he points out that it differs from rusticana in the following particulars: — Its corolla pure white, instead of pink [hlanc-carnc), its style-column longer and slendei-er, and its leaflets longer, more acuminate, and with broader teeth. It may be thus described : —
liosa pseudo-rust icana Crep. — Bush strong, with very elongate arcuate-prostrate branches. Prickles few (quite wanting on some stems), siistyla-like, but longer-pointed. Leaflets us lally quite glabrous, though occasionally having a few hairs along the midrib beneath, pale green, very unequal, strongly acuminate, and with unequal (often very unequal) strongly acuminate simple serrations ; often tinged with red. Petioles usually rather hairy, with a few small prickles and setae. Stipules and bracts i-emarkably acuminate, fringed irregularly with hairs and setae, but otherwise glabrous, often tinged with red. Corolla cup-shaped, pure white. Sepals as strongly pinnate as in systt/ht. Style-column on very prominent disk, and so made about level with the stamens, though actuijilly shorter. Peduncles always well clothed with unequal setcns, usually shorter than in si/stijhi, though longer than in average canina forms. — This easily-recognised rose is frequent on hedges on the western slope of Haldon, Teign Valley, S. Devon, where I showed it to Mr. ]3riggs, who afterwards sent it to me from Doddiscombsleigh (a little farther north), and from Torquay. In 1884, 1 also found it at Leigh and Bailey Kidge, Dorset, where I saw it again last summer. My son and I then found it also at Beer Hackett (north of Leigh), and immediately after at Hagler's Hole, S. Wilts. I know no other localities. — W. Moyle Piogers.
Arum italicum Mill. — I should like to add my testimony to that of Mr. T. R. Archer Briggs, in his very interesting remarks in this Journal, 1888, p. 378, with reference to this plant. I have had the plant (the roots originally brought from Steephill) in my garden for just twenty years. On the 31st May, 1809, I made the following note : — "Of the roots placed in my garden in June, 1868, the plant in the warmest and most open situation was the earliest in flower. The spathe is now fully open. The spathe in the other plants, which are more in the shade, are fully formed, but are not opened." On the 9th of June, " The spathe of a plant in the shade on the north side of a wall was fully opened this morning." I am Borry that I have no records in later years of the time of flowering in my garden, but I believe that the spathes are seldom fully expanded until the second week in June. At Steephill, there were spathes fully open on the 17th June, 1808 ; none on the 3rd May, 1870. In Jersey, in the last week in April, 1871, I believe there were no spathes showing — at least, I do not remember seeing any ; and my herbarium specimens collected there at that time are leaves only. In the first record of the occurrence of the plant in ]>ritain (Phyt. v. 194), Mr. Hambrough states that it " produces its flowers in Jane." With regard to the fli-st appearance of the
NOTICES OF BOOKS. 25
plant in autumn, Dr. Bromfield states, under his account of Arum viaciddtuni, in the Isle of Wight, " I have even remarked them springing up at the close of autumn at Bonchurch" ('Flora Vectensis,' p. 527, footnote) ; and on the 28th Sept., 1874, I added the following note : — " This was, no doubt, A. italicwn, which has been showing in my garden for some days." In 1872, the earliest date noted was 29th Sept., 1872; in 1871, the 4fch Oct. The bright red fruit of A. italicum often remains a conspicuous object in my garden far into the winter, and contrasts well with the dark green leaves. Arum maculatum does grow at Steephill, but I have never seen any plants which at all suggested the idea of their being hybrids between A. maciilatam smd A. italicum. In Mr. Hambrough's account in the ' Phytologist,' to which I have referred, there is a curious misprint in his description of the fruit, the word " buds " being twice given instead of " seeds." — Frederic Stratton.
PoTAMOGETON PERFOLiATus L., var. EicHARDsoxXii. — When lately contrasting the North American forms of this species with the European, I found that Dr. Eobbins' "var. hmceolatus,'' Gray's • Manual N. U. States,' 1868, is pre-occupied by the "var. lanceo- latus,'" of Blytt, in Norge's 'Flora,' 1861. I propose to name Dr. Bobbins' plant " var. Fuchardsonii,'' after the Arctic explorer. Dr. Eichardson, who seems to have been the first to point out the difference from the European forms in the ' Appendix' (Botany) to Franklin's Expedition.' Gay, in his herbarium at Kew, names specimens as "var. lanceolatus,'' but I cannot find that he published the name ; if so, it would antedate both Blytt's and Bobbins', dating as it does from 1813. In 1887, Le Grand published a "var. lanceolatus,'' in PI. Nouv. Dep. Cher. Bourges. p. 17 ; but this name, of course, is inadmissible, and I have not seen specimens. In 1881, I referred specimens gathered by Mr. Brotherston, in Scot- land, to Bobbins' var. ; but since that time I have seen a very fine series of the American plant, and it certainly is not it, but comes near to Blytt's, along with which specimens from W. Sutherland (Mr. F. Miller) may be placed. Of Gay's plant I have seen specimens from Prussia (E. Straker) ; Saxony (Prof. Willkomm) ; and Landsberg, Bavaria (^Herb. Shuttleworth ex herb. Mus. Brit.). — Arthur Bennett.
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
Les Plantes Fossiles. Par B. Eenault. Paris, Bailliere : Svo, pp.
400 ; 53 cuts. Price 3 fr. 50 c. Oritjine PaUontologique des Arhres. Par Le Marquis G. de Saporta.
Paris, Bailliere : Svo, pp. 360, 44 cuts. Price 3 fr. 50 c.
These two volumes are among the latest additions to the scientific library published by the enterprising firm of Bailliere and Sons. The authors of the volumes are men who have dis- tinguished themselves by their researches in fossil botany ; Eenault by his labours among the plant remains of the pal£eozoic rocks, and De Saporta among those of the secondary and nure
26 NOTICES OF BOOKS.
recent formations. In the little volumes before us, each deals with his own special subject, and produces a work of more importance than one would look for in a popular series of three-shilling volumes.
Although the title of Renault's volume is general, it really deals with some of the chief forms of plant-life found in Carboniferous rocks. Chapters are devoted to an enquiry into the conditions under which plants are preserved in the rocks, and the methods of preparing them for minute examination; and after expounding the various forms with which he deals, he enquires into the value of these plants in determining the nature of the climate when they lived, the age of the strata in which they are imbedded, and the light they throw on the theory of evolution.
Renault has done so much for these early plants, that it is im- possible to read his work without adding to one's knowledge ; and yet one is everywhere reminded how dangerous it is to be governed by liistoric views in any investigation. The interpretations of Calamudeiulron and SiniUaria by the illustrious Brongniart, singularly cautious and philosophic considering the materials at his disposal, have been completely modified by the abundant and varied material which has been examined in more recent years. Yet Renault adheres to the old views, and employs great ingenuity in defending them. In the Carboniferous Flora there are, as every one allows, representatives of three great divisions of the vascular cryptogams — the Horsetails, Club-mosses, and Ferns. The Horse- tails are represented by large, jointed and branching plants with whorls of leaves and long slender corms. One set of stems in- creased by a secondary exogenous growth of scalariform tissue, and these Renault separates as Gymnosperms, though the fruits of the two groups present no differences that can be detected. The figures he gives of the fruits of his cryptogamic Annularia and his gymnospermous Arthropitus and Cal(imode)idron might be trans- posed without injury. Of course he calls the contents of the one microspores and of the other pollen, but this is a necessity of his interpretation, and would not be accepted by any unbiassed student of the cones. The triple spores correspond, he believes, with the pollen-grains discovered in the pollen-chamber of several gymnospermous fruits, and so confirm the view he takes.
The same difficulty presents itself in his treatment of Siyillana. The secondary growth in the stem is contrasted with the structure of an imperfect stem of Lppidodendron, and the latter genus is classed among the Lycopodiacetr., while the former is reckoned a gym- nosperm. The more perfect specimens of the stems of both genera show that histologically and structurally both stems agree, and the as yot rare indications of fruit in Sitjilhiria present the same kind of spores as are better known in Lepidodendron. No doubt the stems of these paheozoic E(jui.sct(icc<c and Lijcopoduiccir were more Jiighly organized than the living representatives, in accordance with their arboreal habit and longer duration.
Renault's revision of the Carboniferous Ferns is less exhaustive, but is clear and instructive. More also might have been made of the remarkable series of gynniospermous fruits, the exposition of
NOTICES OF BOOKS. 27
which was the last work of Brongniart. Though grouped mto many genera, and including a considerable number of species, nothing is known of these save their beautifully preserved fruits.
The great additions to our knowledge of the later Secondary and the Tertiary Floras have enabled De Saporta to trace into these periods many of the generic forms which constitute our cultivated or useful trees. He adopts as a maxim, as if it could not be called in question, that priority of existence means genetic paternity. The great cause of the modification in the successive floras he finds in the variations of the temperature. The centre of the distribu- tion of our plants has been the pole, and as the ice advanced or retreated, the vegetation had to accommodate itself to these vary- ing conditions, and hence arose the forms preserved in the strata or now living on the globe. But in the view of Saporta there is much yet to be known ; he hopes, however, that one day we shall be able to discover what is now unknown, and to withdraw the veil which still hides from us the secret of the Itow of Creation.
W. Caeruthers.
Haandhufj i Ben Danske Flora. Af. Joh. Lange. Kjoebenhaven, C. A. Eeitzels Forlag. 1886-88.
This, the fourth edition of Dr. Lange's Flora, is a useful book for British botanists, although it is of course written in the Danish language. So many of our plants are to be found in Denmark, and Dr. Lange gives so large a number of varieties, with careful references to where the original descriptions may be found, with the synonymy (so far as relates to Danish literature), that it would be a useful work to compare our forms to see how far they agree or differ from those of Denmark, the flora of which country holds a sort of middle IDlace between that of Scandinavia and those of Holland and Belgium.
Arctic species are almost absent ; perhaps the nearest approach to such are BuUiardia aqiiatica DC, and the two Carices, incurva and jiaucijiora. Others of high latitudes are wanting, notably Curex aquatilis Wahl., though one might reasonably have expected it to occur ; is it really absent ? In Sweden it comes as far south as Smiiland, but is not recorded from Scania, the province next to Denmark. It discovery in Ireland (this year as far south as Kerry) and Wales would point to the possibility of it as a Danish species ; this is especially the case as to Ireland ; Wales may not be quite in the same category, as its mountains may have formerly produced the species, and its present habitat be only a remnant of a former more plentiful occurrence.
Dr. Lange gives a list of authors whose works are used or quoted ; would this not be a useful addition to our Floras, of course from the local point ? How useful to botanists far away from a public library is the full list of Hartmann's Scandinavian Flora I A list of local Danish botanists, one explanatory of terms used in the book, and a remme of the Linnean and natural systems, are followed by the Flora proper, consisting of 857 pages, with 15 pages
28 NOTICES OF BOOKS.
of corrections, additions, &c. A full index, with a separate one of Danish names, completes the book. Its arrangement is a strange one to British botanists, commencing with the EquisetdcecB and ending with the Pupilionacem. Dr. Lange's estimate of the flora is 1415 species (with about 800 varieties).
Looking through the Flora in the sequence followed by the author, the following notes especially refer to our British Flora : — Stnithiopteris (jcnnanica Willd., a fern that occurs in several stations in the range of the Flora, is not known as a British species. Agw- jii/rum strictum and obtnsiusciihini are two grasses that ought to be sought on our coasts ; the first is suggested elsewhere to be a hybrid between jniiceum (or acutiim) and Kh/nius arenarius. Bracluj- jiudiioii i/racilc Beauv. is used instead of B. sijlvaticum K. et S. A suggestive name is '' Lolium teviulentum L., var. speciosum Koch" (L. arvense With.). Most British botanists have been in the habit of quoting a plant as a variety under the name of the author, who used it as a species in a parenthesis ; in this case, thus, "v. arcense (AVitli.)," the advantage attending this is, it at once points out the plant intended, whereas he would be a bold botanist who could say he had searched out the earhest varietal name, and verified it as the same plant ; herein lies the diificuHy.
No reference is made to the suggested hybrid origin of Fsamvia baltica, and the Norfolk locality on our coasts w^ould almost seem to deny the probabiuty of such an origin, unless one of the supposed parents had died out. Scirpus hifulim Wallr. is separated from S. riifus Schrad. (Blysnnis ruj'us) as a subspecies. Mr. Griffith has gathered this on the Welsh coast, but it seems hardly more than a variety ; it is figured in ' Flora Danica,' t. 2703.
A note on the various opinions of the status of Carex Bocnniny- hauseniana is interesting. A question of name is involved under Carex stricta Good., which name must certainly fall : the Americcin C. stricta Lamarck {^fide Mr. L. H. Bailey, U. S.), is a prior name to Goodenough's. Dr. Syme mentions this in ' English Botany,' but did not propose any name for it ; the writer of our next Flora must do something with Goodenough's plant. I would suggest Hudsonil or Smithii, Porter's C. Smithii being C. triceps Michx. The mention of Mr. Bailey's name may prepare our botanists for some rather startling changes of Carex names, the result of his inspection of the original specimens of several authors in various European herbaria.
Dr. Lange identifies Carex piluHfera var. Leesii Kidley, with his var. lowjibracteata, ' Flora Danica.' t. 3050 ; this was indicated in the ' Scottish Naturalist ' a year or so ago. Five forms are given of Alisma Plantayo. Junrus diff'usus has the synonym '^ efuso-(j'.aucus Schnitzl." given for it. The absence of Juncus acutus and Lxizula Forsteri marks the want in the Danish flora of some of our southern forms. The name of Potamofjetim coloratns Horn. Fl. Danica, t. 1-449 (1818), (erroneously given as 1823), must be adopted for the species we now call P. plantajineus Ducroz (1827) ; there is no question of the plants being the same, as Dr. Lange points out in his • Nomencl. Flora Danica,' 1887. P. rufescens Schrad. is in the same category, but what name it must bear is not easv to decide.
NOTICES OF BOOKS. 29
P. mucronatus is quoted as of " Roemer & Schultes Sys. Veg. 3, 517," but in their third Mantissa they say that P. mucronatus is thought by Mertens and Koch, in Rohlings Deutsch. Flora, to be only the P. acuuiinatus of Schumacher ( P. lucens var. acuminatus of our Floras).
ZannichelUa marina has four forms, two seemingly local ones, none, however, corresponding with our names. Under Epipactis, no mention is made of Babington's oralis, but E. atrorubens Hoffm. is held to be the same as E. media Fries, Mant. 2, p. 54 ; and E. micro- phi/lla, formerly held to be Danish, is considered not to be the true plant. It is a pity these plants cannot be studied in combination under cultivation, as there seems no finality to the opinions on them. CJieno podium botryoides Sm. seems to be much commoner in Denmark than with us — is it the true plant ?
Will some one take up the British Atriplices and collate them with the West European forms? I have seen nothing like A. calotheca Fries (a plant with several forms, fairly plentiful on the Danish coasts), from our British shores ; we may well hope it may be found ; but these plants are almost neglected, from the difficulty of naming them with any certainty ; not that we are the only ones so situated — a well-known Swedish botanist writes me they are equally at a loss with their forms. The two Valerians [sambucifolia and Mikanii) are kept as separate species, the latter named '* V. officinalis L.," a mode of naming which Mr. H. C. Watson so strongly protested against, when applied to a segregated species. Dr. Lange now puts his Lappa (Arctium) intermedia as a synonym of Arctium nemorosa Lejeune ; surely we have two varieties ? if so, Babington's plant may want a name.
In Hieracia, we find none of the Backhousian species ; H. in- tegrifolium Lange, Fl. Danica, t. 2661, is a remarkable plant; it may be described as a very large, entire-leaved form of murorum. IE commutatum Becker, Fl. Francofurt (1828), is given instead of H. boreal e Fries. Thalictrum seems as difficult in Denmark as in Britain ; we may hope before long to see some of our difficulties in this genus elucidated, so far as regards our forms. Batrachium is used for the Water-Eanunculi — peltatus being a species separate from floribuudus. Here again I am afraid we shall have to face some name-changing. Dr. Lange does not accept Viola persiccufolia Schreb. as V. stagnina Kit. Lcpigonum is used instead of Spivgu- laria. *' L. salinum Presl, Fl. Ccch. i^. 9d, nndev Spergularii — L. salinum (and L. lejospennum) Kindberg, Monog. p. 23 and 36 " is a long quotation to try and meet a difficulty. The account of the Epilobia (many hybrids) is very full. Piosa canina forms are grouped under R. canina L., Pi. Fieuteri Godet, P. dumetorum. Thuill, and P. corilifolia Fries. P. neoburgcnsis Lange is considered a form between the TomentosfP and Canina , but placed with the former. The list of tie Rubi naturally follows Friderichsen's and Gelert's ' Danmark's og Slesvig's Kubi' in theBotaniskTidsskrift. Fifty-two species are given.
Altogether the book is a very interesting study, and a great advance on the last edition. Copies can be bought of the publisher (post-paid) at a considerably less price than in England.
Aetht'r Bennett.
30
Articles in Journals.
But. CeiUralblatt (Nos. 49-51).— J. G. 0. Tepper, ' Bemerkmigen
iiber die Kangaroo-Insel' {Cassi/tlta Te/>perianf( Luclw., sp. n.). —
A. Y. Grevillius, ' Ueber deu Ban des Stammes bei einigeu lokalen
Formen von Pohfjonum aviculare.' — (No. 50). E. von Wettstein,
* Notiz betreffend die Verbreitung der Larchenkranklieit.' — (Nos. 51_52). — C. 0. Harz, ' Ueber Bergwerkspilze.'
But. Gazette (Nov.). — E. L. Gregory, 'Development of cork- ■wings on certain trees' (1 plate). — F. L. Scribuer, 'Notes on Aiulropof/oii.'' — J. Schenk, ' On inflorescence of Callitriclie.' — J. Donnell Smith, Ranhnda ^jarrf//or«, Cale<i trichutoma, spp. nn. ; plates of Voclujsia guatcmalensis and Pitcalrnia Turcklieiinii. — F. W. Anderson, (Enothera albicaulis. — A. A. Crozier, ' Dioecism in Andro- jHyjon pruvincialis.^
Botaniska Xotiser (Hiift. 6). — C. A. E. Leustrom, ' Spridda vaxtgeografiska vidrig till Skandinaviens flora.'
Bat. Zeituvg (Nov. 23, 30 ; Dec. 7, 14).— M. W. Beyerinck, 'Die Bacterien der Papilionaceen-Knollchen.' — (Dec. 7). L. Meyer, ' Vaccinium iiliyiiiosuni x Vitis-IdcBa,'
Bull. Sac. Bat. France (xxxv., pt. 4 : Nov. 1). — L. Guignard & — . Colin, ' Sur le presence de reservoirs a gomme ciiez les Bliam- nees.' — H. Emery, ' Le bourgeon du Tulipier.' — L. Daveau, Armeria Bouyana, sp. n. — A. Pomel, 'Etudes sur des especes bar- baresques des types des Erax et des Filayo' [Evax linearifolia, E. psiUintha, E. mucronata, Evacopsis angustifolia, Psendeva.v [suhg.n.) niauritanica, Filago immidica, spp. nn.). — E. Battandier &L. Trabut, 'Excursion dans le sud Oranais' [Aristkla lamu/inosa, sp.n. (nomen). — C. Degagny, 'Origine nucleaire du protoplasma.' — E. Cosson,
* De speciebus Folygala ad subgenus Chamahuxus pertinentibus.' — E. Bornet, Laminaria Bodiiijuezii, sp.n. (1 plate). — P. A. Dangeard,
* Sur la formation des renflemeuts souterains dans VEranthis hyenialis.' — P. Ducliartre, ' Keplacement des etamines pour des carpelles cliez le Sedum amjlicum.' — C. Flaliault, ' Herborisations algologiques au Croisic'
/>?(//. Torrey But. Club (Dec). — A. Hollick, 'A recent discovery of Hybrid Oaks on Staten Island' (3 plates). — F. S. Collins, ' Algns from Atlantic City, N. J.' — J. F. James, ' Notes on Development of Corj/nites Curtissii' (1 plate). — T. Meelian, ' The bract in Tilia.' — E. E. Sterns, The "bulblets" oi Lycopodium lucid a I ma.
Flora (^OY. 21). — A. Hansgirg, ' Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Algengattungen Eatocladia Beinke ' (1 plate). — J. Miiller, ' lievisio Lichenum Eschweileriauorum.' — (Dec). J. Velenovsky, ' Zur Deutung der Fruchtschuppe der Abietineen ' (1 plate). — J. Miiller, *Lichenologische Beitriige.'
Gardeners' Chronicle (Dec 8). — TAlium Henryi Baker, n. sp. — Disa lacera var. viultifida N. E. Br. (fig. 93). — (Dec. 15). Catasctum Garncttiamun Bolfe, sp. n. — (Dec. 29). Aloe l.oiiyijiora Baker, Flcurothallifi jnnictalata Bolfc, spp. nn.
ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 31
Journal tie Botaniqiie (Dec. 1). — P. A. Dangearcl, ' La sexualite chez qiielques Algues inferieures.' — P. Maury, ' Cyperacees de I'Ecuador et de la Nouvelle-Grenade' (Rhynchospora luuiicifoliay sp. n.). — (Dec. 15). P. van Tiegliem, ' Hydroleucites et grains d'aleiirone.' — G. Lagerlieira, ' Sur un genre nouveau de Cliytridi- acees' [Olpldiella). — Boudier & Patouillard, Hydnangium mono- sporum, Helvella Barlw, spp. nn.
Jouni. Linn. Soc. (xxiii. : Nos. 156-7 : Dec. 29). — F. B. Forbes & W. B. Hemsley, Flora of China [Composite : Vernonia esculenta, Aster alatipes, A. Fordii, A. Henryi, A. limosus, A. Oldhami, A. procerus, Pluchea? pteropoda (t. 11), Leontopodivm sinense (t. 12), Carpesium minus (t. 13), Senecio Faheri, S. Hennji, S. Jcuuesii, Saussurea lamprocarpa, S. microcephala Franchet, Ainslima glabra (t. 14), A. ramosa, Crepis heterophyUa, C. longipes, C. prenanthoides, Faheria (gen. nov.) sinensis, Lactuca elata, L. triflora, Frenanthes Faherii, spp. nn., all of Hemsley. — (xxiv. : No. 161 : Dec. 8). C. B. Clarke, Fanicwn supervacuum, sp. n. — Id. & J. G. Baker, 'Ferns of Northern India' {Alsophila sikJcimensis, sp. n.). — G. E. Post, ' Diagnoses Plantarum No varum Orientalium ' [Hesperis aintahica^ Malcomia auranitica, M. zachlensis, ^Fthioonema longistylum, JE. gileadense, Dianthus auraniticus, Silene Porteri, Linum rigidissimum, Medicago Shepardi, Trifolium Candollei, T. alsadanii, Astragalus trachoniticus, Bupleurum Boissieri, B. antiocJiiuni, Pimpinella depait- perata, Scaligeria capillifolia, Carum brachyactis, C. nudum, Chcero- phyllum oligocarpum, Ferulago Amani, F. Blancheana, F. auranitica^ Johrenia Porteri, Daucus jordanicus, Galium cymulosum, G. lanngi- nosum, Asperula dissitiflora, Erigeron setiferum, Achillea Shepardi, Cirsium Amani, Centaurea Doddsii, C. trachonitica, Campanula AmasicB, Anchusa Shattuckii, Trichodesma Boissieri, Verbascum Bar- beyi, V. gileadense, V.qulebicum, Celsia Berneti, Scrophularia gileadense, Salvia ]mrpurascens, Xepeta trachonitica, N. Shepardi, Teucrium auraniticum, Alopecurus involucratus, sp^D. nn.). — S. G. Shattock,
• On the Scars occurring on stem of Dammara robusta' (1 plate). — E. A. L. Baiters, 'Three new Marine Algae' [Fctocarpus Holmesii, Pit yl litis filiform is, Pudfsia spongiocarpa : 1 plate). — W. Fream,
♦ The Flora of Water-meadows.' — E. G. Baker, 'A new species of Cytinus (C. Baroni), from Madagascar, constituting a new section (BothryocytiuKs) of that genus ' (1 plate).
Journ. Royal Microscopical Soc. — J. Kattray, ' Revision of the genus Auliscus, &c.' (5 plates: Isodiscus, gen. nov.).
Magyar ydrenyiani Lapok (Nov. : No. 133).— A. Richter, *Ada- tok a Veportegyseg es Fabova hegycsoport florajjinak ismeretehez.'
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift (Dec). — A. Hehnerl, ' Beitrag zur nieder- osterreichischen Pilz-Flora.' — B. Blocki, Potcntilla Andrzejouskii, gp. n. — L. Simonkai, Achillea tana ceti folia. — K. Vandas, Zur Flora von Siid-Hercegovina. — A. F. Entleutner, Anlangen von Meraii. — V. V. Borbas, ' Formen des Bromus erectus.' — F. Koclek, ' Bildungs abweichungen an Paris quadrifiMa.' — E. Form.'inek, Flora von Bosnien.
82
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. December 20, 1888. —Mr. W. Carrutliers, F.R.S., President, in the chair. The Rev. G. E. Post was elected a Fellow.— Mr. Clement Reid exhibited fruit of the hornbeam from the pre glacial forest bed at Pakefield, near Norwich, and not previously recorded as occurring iu any British deposit. — Mr. T. Christy exhibited a collection received from Java, of hairs from the base of various ferns, notably Cibotiwn Cumint/ii, and a species, as supposed, of Vickaouia, used as a styptic for staunching blood. Professor Stewart, in pointing out that the use of similar material for a like i)^^i'pose in China was well known to surgeons, took occasion to explain the nature of the so-called "lamb of Tartary," on which an inst.iuctive little volume had been published by the late Mr. Henry Lee, F.L.S. — Mr. D. Morris remarked that the use of "fern-hairs" was also known as a styptic in South America, whence specimens had been forwarded to the herbarium at Kew. — A paper was then read by Mr. D. Morris "On the Characteristics of Plants included under Enjthroxijlon Coca, Lamarck," with a description of a new variety which he proposed to name, from its origin, E. novo-granatense. He pointed out that the well-known coca-^Dlant had been noticed by botanists and travellers for the last 30.0 years, and that although Clusius was generally regarded as the earliest writer on it, he had been anticipated by Nicholas Monardes, in his ' Historia Medicinal,* published at Seville, in 1580, and translated by Clusius, who printed it in a condensed form in his ' Exoticorum libri decern,' in 1605. The plant was first described as a species by Lamarck, in the * Encjxlopedie Methodique,' in 1786, from specimens brought by De Jussieu from Peru. Until lately the leaves had been used merely as a nervous stimulant, like opium in China, and betel in the East Indies ; but had latterly come into prominence as the source of cocaine, a valuable alkaloid possessmg anesthetic pro- perties in contact with the mucous membrane. There were several climatic forms more or less distinct, and after describing the typical plant Mr. Morris pointed out the characters by which E. noro- yrawitoise might be distinguished. — Mr. Spencer Moore contributed a paper on Ajiioci/stis, which he regarded as a Volvocinea. The ciliated form was described, and it was show^n that its zoospores may sometimes escape as caenobia, like a degenerate Vulvociiiea which has exchanged the motile for the fixed condition; the sexual cells being zoogametes, its nffinity is rather with Vandorinem than with oogamous Vulvocen. The paper was criticised by Mr. A. W. Bennett and Professor Marshall Ward, who, while testifying to the importance of the investigation, expressed the hope that no changes would be made in classification until further examination had been made of some of the stages at a critical period of deve- lopment.— Mr. George Murray gave his support to the views expressed by Mr. Moore.
33
NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. y By Alfred Fryer.
Potamogeton varians Morong in Herb. ined. — Stem springing from a tuberous rootstock, slender, usually simple below, with a few branches above the middle, not divided into secondary branchlets ; or in shallow water with a few branches fi'om the base, each springing from the axil of a persistent leaf, and then rarely with very short secondary branchlets. Leaves varying from narrowly Imear-lanceolate membranous, to oblong obovate spathulate or orbicular coriaceous. Lowest submerged leaves reduced to phyllodes, or narrowly linear-lanceolate, bodkin-pointed ; ordinary submerged leaves sessile or stalked, narrowly lanceolate, attenuated towards each end, or spatlmlate oblong, or obtuse mucronate, fiat and ascending, or rarely folded and recurved. Floating leaves alternate, obovate, oblong, spathulate or orbicular, coriaceous, rarely membranous, long-stalked, belonging to the barren state of the j^Zan^, and never du'ectly sustaining the flower-spike. Stipules narrow, slender, herbaceous, persistent, blunt, or contracted into a short mucro when dry, not becoming greatly enlarged on the upper part of the stem, nor cymbiform, to support the inflorescence. Peduncles lateral, not necessarily subtended by opposite coriaceous leaves, but usually springing from the stem opj^osite a membranous leaf, resembling the submerged leaves in shape and structure, or rarely opposite a stipule only, very rarely opposite a coriaceous leaf; slightly thicker than the stem, not swollen upwards, as long as the oi^posite leaf : 2-8 in. Fruiting- spike |-1 in. long, rather slender, not dense; drupelets small, flattened and impressed at the sides, nearly circular in outline, with a short subcentral beak; central keel acute, almost n-inged; lateral ridges prominent. Colour of the whole plant, reddish green, or light green, drying darker ; the lower part of the stem and young shoots sometimes bright red.
P. varians is a plant of diffuse growth, usually but little branched, with slender stems from 6 to 18 in. long. It has few permanently submerged branches, the mass of vegetation ultimately rising and floating on or near the surface of the water. When growing in shallow, reedy ditches, its upper branches are often lilted out of water, and continue to grow in the air. It is also remarkable for its ability to grow, when forsaken by the water, on the grassy bottoms of ditches as dry as an ordinary meadow. Under these conditions it forms little tufts of leaves in the axil of each stipule along the stem, which continue to grow fully exposed to the air and sunshine. The already-formed submerged leaves on the branches that grow under water do not die, but become coriaceous, so as to better withstand the effects of heat and drought. Some of the leaves produced under these circumstances are remarkable for being membranous and transparent, like those of P. ^jiZrt?jf«</t;/e2(s grown under like conditions. The true land-form also is freely produced, and enables the rootstock to swell into moniliform tubers, or these are at times produced directly from stolons thrown out by the land-form.
Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27. [Feb., 1889.] d
34 NOTES ON PONDWEEDS.
When growing in shallow water, barren states of the plant look like a miniature form of P. coriacens, but the resemblance is merely suj^erficial ; for shallow-water states of the latter plant do not at all resemble P. varians, but, on the other hand, approach P. Zizii. The early spring growth of P. varians is like that of P. heterophyllus, to which plant it is most nearly alhed, but differs in its more diffuse, less submerged growth, and in the compressed circular- outlined fi-uit. From F. Zizii it is clearly separated by the small compressed fruit, and usually by its much smaller size ; but in luxuriant states of the plant, and especially late in the season, barren shoots are produced which closely approach autumn states of P. Zizii.
P. varians has been observed in America for some years, but I am unable to give the history of its discovery in that country. The earliest-gathered specimen I possess, through the kindness of the Eev. T. Morong, is labelled by him : —
" Potamogeton gramineus L. Yar. ? spathidcpformis Bobbins. P. spathaformis Tuck. P. varians Morong.
Coll. T. M. in Mystic Pond, Medford, Mass., July 10, 1879."
I here copy from the 5th ed. of Asa Gray's ' Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States,' 1879, Dr. Eobbins' descrip- tion of var. ? spatJnilo'formis: — '' P. gramineus L., var. ? spathidcpformis (P. spathafornds Tuckerman in herb.). Branches scattered; floating leaves obovate or oblong, with a larger point ; submersed ones spathulate-oblong, obtuse, mucrouate, sometimes recurved; spikes large and densely flowered. — Mystic Pond near Boston, Tuckerman. The fruit is lacking to prove its rank."
This description well agrees with the fenland plant, except as re- gards the flower-spikes, but those in Cambridgeshire specimens from Blockslock Moor, near Mepal, are certainly both large and densely flowered. This Mepal plant is the form or state mentioned above as producing autumnal shoots so like those of P. Zizii. It is also remarkable for having a tendency to produce peduncles which are forked from the middle, each limb of the fork subtended by a slender bract, and bearing a flower- spike.
Of the American P. varians, Mr. Morong whites: — "It never did form fruit, so far as known, and so has sometimes been con- sidered a hybrid. I am not satisfied whether it should rank as P. gramineus or P. Zizii. Dr. Eobbins rather inchned to the former . . . but I am more inclined to place it with Zizii, I must confess." This opinion of the learned American botanist is in accordance ■with that of Dr. Trimen, who quotes in the ' Journal of Botany' for October, 1879, ''spatJurfvrmis" as a probable synonym of P. Zizii, and says: — "To judge from specimens in the British Museum, labelled 'P. spatha/ormis Tuckerm. herb.,' the P. gramineus var. spathaj'ormis is also referable to P. Zizii.'' Now these opinions carry great weight, but I think the small drupelets, which approach those of P. heterophijilus, must place the American and British
NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. 35
plants tinder the latter species as an aggregate. But I further thmk it would be most in accordance with what has already been done in the lucens-gYovi^ to make a distinct "species" of this multiform plant, as originally proposed by Mr. Morong.
The suggestion as to the possible hybridity of P. iY<?-zrt??s remains to be noticed. For a long time I was unable to observe any facts which pointed to any of our fenland varieties of Potamogeton being the result of cross-breeding between "species" more or less nearly allied. But observations made during the past summer strongly induce me now to believe that lucens, heterophijUiis, and Zizii do occasionally interbreed, and also that P. lucens crosses with P. jy^;-- foliaUis. If, however, we regard P. varians as heterophyllus and Zizii, it is somewhat remarkable that such exactly similar plants should be produced on both sides of the Atlantic, especially when we call to mind that the ^^ heterojjliyllus'' and ^' Zizii" of the United States are not by any means like those of Cambridgeshire, but have a distinct facies of their own in all the specimens I have seen. Now, on the contrary, P. varians from the two countries is so exactly alike that if the specimens in my herbarium were mixed together, no botanist could separate them ! Yet so susceptible is varians to local influences that, although in America, where it does not fruit, it is very constant to type, in Cambridgeshire examples I can name the ditch from which each specimen was gathered at a glance, even if the localities are separated by a few yards only. Here we have exact resemblance between the two plants which represent the type described by the Eev. T. Morong, combined with extreme variability from seed in the locality where the plant fruits. This variation in the progeny of the fertile plant is often a marked feature in hybrids between closely-allied forms. We often see the same instability in the artificially-crossed vegetables and flowers of our gardens, before the newly-produced form becomes sufficiently " fixed " to come true from seed. I am aware that it may be objected that the cases are not parallel; that the garden-plants are not hybrids between distinct "species." Possibly so: but what is a distinct species in Potamogeton ? No one really knows — those who know the genus best will find themselves the least able to answer the question with any great degree of confidence. I know of only some half-dozen British forms of the genus so distinct that one does not feel doubtful as to the exact limits we may safely assign to them. P. lanceolatiis Smith is one of the most isolated forms w^e have — so much so that I know not where to place it in the genus. Yet that acute botanist, Mr. W. H. Beeby, suggests to me a possible hybrid origin for this distinct-looking plant, that I cannot gainsay, but which, if proved to be correct, would raise the question of how far cross-breeding has helped to make the genus what we now see it. I repeat : let us name all definable forms the origin of which we cannot reasonably trace ; this will lead to their examination and study, and possibly to direct experiment in crossing certain species, by which alone many questions can be solved.
I may say that the description I have above given of P. varians is compiled solely from Cambridgeshire specimens, as the object of
d2
36 NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE, ETC.
these "Notes" is merely to fiilly describe the forms of Potamogeton that grow in the fens, or which I may be able to cultivate. I have to warmly thank the Eev. Thomas Morong for a fine series of his proposed species, and for examining and naming my Cambridgeshire specimens ; and Mr. Bennett, too, for first suggesting that my plant was P. varians, and for the loan of books and specimens.
NOTES ON NOMENCLATUEE, &c.
FROM LaNGE's * NOMENCLATOR FlOR^ DaNICE.'
[The following notes are extracted from the ' Nomenclator Florae Danicae,' in accordance with a promise made in this Journal for 1888, p. 254. Mr. Arthur Bennett has kindly added an occasional note, which is placed in square brackets, with his initials attached.]
Anthericiim cahjculatum Oed. — '* Lmn^us species 2 bene dis- tinctas conjunxit, quarum major, in montibus Europ^e australioris et quoque in insula Gottlandia occurrens, vulgo nomine Linn^ano {Tojieldia caJijculata) designata, in Fl. Dan. Suppl. tab. 13 exhibetur, haec vero minor, in paludibus Europe borealis crescens, T. borealis vulgo appellatur, etsi lege prioritatis h^ec potius T. yalustris Huds. (non DC.) esset nominanda."
Sedum anglicum L. and Hudsonianum Lange. — " De formis Sedi anglici conf. Lange, Pugill. pi. Hisp. p. 243 (Vidensk. Medd. f. Naturb. Foren. 1865, p. 48). Forma h. 1. depicta, in Norvegia lecta, radice perenni, foliis subgloboso-ovalibus obtusissimis, petalis planiusculis, carpella multo superantibus etc., distinguenda sistit S. anglicum Huds. typicum quare I. c. a Hudsonianum nominatum est."
Potamogeton mucronatns Schrad. — *' Potamogeton compressns L. a plerisque, duce E. Fries (Nov. p. 44) cum P. zostercefolio Schum. identica habetur ; cum vero alii nomen Linnaeanum ad P. ohtusi- foliiim M. K., alii ad P. acntifoUum Lk., alii denique ad banc nostram speciem (P. mncronatum Schrad.) retulerint ob ambiguitam nominis P. compressi praeferendum erit hoc nomen relinquere. Nostra planta certissime est P. mucronatus Schrad. (P. Friesii B.u-pv., P. imsillus major Fr.), species intermedia inter P. ohtusifolium M. K. et P. 2^i(silhim L. Linnaeus ipse ceterum pro P. compresso suo tabu- lam nostram citavit quae evidenter a P. zostercefolio Schum. valde aliena est." [I hold this to be a doubtful name ; Roemer and Schultes (Mant. iii.) and Mertens and Koch (Deutsch. Flora) think it is only Cornntus=iacuminatus, Schum. i. e. lucens var. aciimi- natus of British botanists. — A. B.]
'* Statice Limovium L. stirpe collectiva, hodie vulgo et quidem Optimo jure in 2 species divisa est quarum altera, 6'. Scanica Fr. (6'. Behen Drej.), praecipue ad maris Baltici et occidentalis littora occurrit, altera vero, S. hahuHiemis Fr. (6\ rr/ ?7//ora Drej.), httoribus Fioniae et Sjaellandiae borealis nee non Sueciae occidentalis magis priva est. Figura nostra ob ramos inflorescentiae adscendentes,
NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE, ETC. 37
laxifloras ad formam a borealem S. bahusiensis Fr. referri debet, dum S. bahusiensis /3 danicci (humilior, ramis erectiusculis) in Fl. Dau. tab. 2410. S. Scanica Fr. in Fl. Dan. tab. 2409 delineata est."
" Galium jialustre L. subsp. elongata [G. elongatum Presl.) a forma typica G. palustris recedit statiira robustiore follis verticil- lorum 4-6 lineari-lanceolatis, medio latioribus (nee obovatis) ramis fructiferis patentibus (neque reflexis) floribus fructibusque majori- bus. Figurae meliores utriusque formse adsunt in Fl. Dan. tabb. 2764 et 2765."
Astragalus danicus L. — '' Tab. 614 non, ut in textu indicatur, est A. arenarius L., species a nostra valde aliena, sed cum eadem a pluribus aiitoribus confusa, in Fl. Dan. Suppl. tab. 87 depicta. Nostra species est A. danicus Eetz, nomen unicum certum, sed immerito cum A. hypoglottide L. a DO. et pluribus autoribus con- junctum. Hanc ultimam tam e descriptione quam e synonymis et loco natali abunde diversam esse alibi demonstrare conatus sum (Act. Soc. Scient. Eeg. Dan. 1873, p. 126)."
*' Sedum Telephium [3 purpureum L. recte, ut videtur, m textu hujus tabulffi nominatum est. Sine dubio autem a S. Telephio L. specifice distincta est, et hue referendum nomen S. purpurei Link, inter S. Fabariam Koch et 5'. Telephium L. (var. p)urpu}'ascens pi. autt) exacte intermedia species. An hue quoque pertinent S. livi- dum Bernh., ut Drejer (fl. exc. haun.) voluit, incertum videtur, cum beat. A. Braun. Specimina hujus authentica aliquantum a nostra planta differre monuit. S. purparascens Koch, ox descriptione videtur cum nostra convenire, non obstante quod figura Reichen- bachii (ic. crit. fig. 968) citatur, qua3 figura certissime ad varietatem 8. Telephii pertinet [S. purpurascens Lge., Haandb. ed. 3, p. 357. vix Koch, S. Telephium angustifoUum Lilja. cf. Falck in Bot. not. 1867, p. 13."
Epilobium virgatum Fr. — *' In textu nomine Epilobii tetragoni L. designatum potius est E. Virgatum Fr. {E. obscurum pi. autt.) quam species vulgo E. tetragoyium dicta (E. adriatum Griseb.). Folia euim speciminis delineati pleraque opposita, basi rotundata, non decurrentia, et alabastra obtusa, quae omnia in E. virgatum bene quadrant. Nomen Linnaeanum E. tetragonum forsan potius ad E. roseum Schreb. spectat, et ideo ut incertum postponendum ; E. obscurum Schreb. a plerisque ad plantam h. 1. depictam trans- latum, etiam dubium videtur, quare nomen certissimum E. virgati Fr. adhibui. Eadem planta in Fl. Dan. tab. 2588 depicta est." [There seems no doubt as to this : Haussknecht is of the same opinion. — A. B.]
Tab. 1277. — " Orchis militar is inscribitur, sedLinnsei 0. militarisa et Suecia in Fl. Dan. Suppl. tab. 163 depictus, in Dania baud occurrit, dum figura nostra speciem affinem, sed optime distinctam, 0. purpureum Huds. (O.fasca Jacq.) sistit, quae in insula Meen optime viget, in Suecia nondum lecta. E Linnaei scriptis (Fl. Suec. iter Oeland. etc.) elucet, plantam Suecicam esse principalena, postea vero sub eodem nomine specifico varietates distinxit Linnaeus, inter quas /3 et ^ ad 0. purpureum referendae sunt. Eationes ulteriores hujus nomenclaturae exposui in Act. Soc. Scient. Dan. 1874, p. 54."
88 NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE, ETC.
" (Enantlie pimpinelloides L. nusquam in Dania lecta est, et hoc nomen in textu indicatum, igitur corrigendum. Figura enim sistit (E. Lachenalii Gmel. qute liinc inde ad littora Danife occurrit, et ab iE. pimpincll. L. distinguitur fibris radicalibus, aliis filiformibns, aliis apice sensini clavato-incrassatis (nee omnibus filiformibus, apice subito globoso-incrassatis), umbella fructifera convexa, radiis non incrassatis (nee plana, radiis demum incrassatis). In tabula tameu neque fibrns radicales neque umbella fructifera depictae sunt, ita ut characteres distinctivi desiderantur."
Sediini sexangidare Horn. — "Tarn in textu Fl. Dan. quam a IDlerisque autoribus planta b. 1. depicta Sedum sexangulare L. appel- latur. Si vero definitionem 5^. sexanrjularis apud Linnaeum respicis (Cod. Linn. p. 445), folia subovata erectiuscula .... flores in singulo ramo cymae raro ultra tres, .... cum S. acri convenit facie magnitudiue, floribus, loco, differt foliis ante florescentiam evidentissime 6 fariam imbricatis et sapore insipido nee acri ''' videbis, bfec omnia in plantam nostram minime convenire. Etiam synonyma a Linnaeo ad S. sexauf/ularem citata ( Semper vivum minus vermiculatum insipidum. Bauh. Pin. 284. Sedum minimum luteum non acre. J. Bauh. Hist. 3, p. 695) ad plantam S. acri arete affinem spectant, et praetervidendum non est. Linnseum S. sexangidare suum cum S. acri, nee cum S. refiexo comparare, sed planta h. 1. depicta multo magis huic quam illi affinis est. Sed revera varietas sat distincta S. acris baud raro occurrit, quae cum descriptione Linnaei S. sexang. supra citata bene convenit foliis brevibus et arete adpressis, quare suspicor, banc S. sexangidare Linnaei verum repraesentare. Nostra vero, 8. hnloniense Lois, nominanda, si omnino Linnaeo innotuit, potius sub formis S. reflexi v. S. rupestris L. quaerenda, quibus magis affinis est." [Cfr. Wikkomm and Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. iii. 138.— A. B.]
" Taraxacum palustre DC. — Foliola periclinii adpressa demon- strant,^ recte esse determinatum, sed scapo erecto foliorum laciniis late triaugularibus, foliis nonnullis integris, dentatis differt ab alia forma in pratis Diini« baud raro, quae in Fl. Dan. tab. 1935 nomine Leontod. ohliqui (non Fr.) depicta est. Haec scapo deflexo, foliis angustis, pinnatisectis, segmentis linearibus insignis var. teniiisecta, nostra vero, quae forsan cum T. livido W. Kit. identica est, var. inteyri/olia appellari possit."
y Ergthraa littoral is Fr. est species sat polymorpha, apud nos ranus et fere semper in pratis maritimis obvia, dum E. Centaur iiun L. fere nunquam ad littora maris, sed in campis pratisque siccis satis frequenter occurrit. Nomen igitur bene convenit, neque, ut suadet cl. Wittrock, reiiciendum quia Chironia littoralis Turn, formam ejusdem floribus congestis imprimis respicit. Eadem fre- quenter E. linarifulia Pers. nominata est, sed observante cl. Witt- rock (Bot. not. 18«4, p. 112) E. linarimfolia (Lam.) alia est species, quare hoc nomen in banc nostram applicari posse negat, dum vero nomen antiquius Enjthrcca vulgaris {Centauriwn imlgare Eafn)
* S. acre apud nos snppius insipidum quam sapore acri observatur, quare character ex sapore sumtus ad qu^stionem dijudicandum parum valet.
NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE, ETC. 39
praeferfc. Equidem olim (Haanclb. D. Fl.) duce Fries (Novit. p. 73) C. vulgare Kafn hujus, C. EnjthrcBa Rafn synonymon E. Centaurii esse supposui. Sed accuratiore examine descriptionis RafnianaB persuasus sum, synonyma Rafnii rectius esse adhibita ad Horne- manno qui specimina Rafnii sine dubio viderat, cum in textu tabulae nostras C. Erythraa Rafn synonymon E. Uttoralis esse statuerit. Rafn enim C. vulgari suo folio acuta, corollse tubum elon- gatum adscribit, C. ErijthrcBa Rafn vero foliis obovatis obtusis describitur, et praeterea C. vulgare in pascuis pratisque frequentem dicit, quod bene in E. Centaurium, nee in E. littoralem quadrat, quam non nisi unico loco Bornholmi* vidit. Hisce igitur rationi- bus commotus nomen certissimum E. Uttoralis Fr. praeferendum esse censeo E. vulgari Wittr., quatenus nomini Rafniano fundatum est." [We have under E. Uttoralis two plants. Griffith's, found on the Welsh coast, is different from the West England and Cheshire plant ; but I cannot determine it at present. — A. J3.]
Cochlearia groenlandica L. " (Tab. 1934). — Haec figura, se- cundum expositionem Noltei (Novit. fl. Holsat. p. 61) ad Cochleariam danicam ut forma integrifolia relata est. Sed specimen delineatum, in Groenlandia lectum, et a C. danica L. et a C. officinali differt siliculis aveniis ! a C. danica insuper foliis radicalibus cordato-reni- formibus (nee hastatis), integerrimis, petalis majoribus etc. recedit. Ideo in Consp. fl. Groenl. pp. 35-36, exposui rationes, quibus adductus sum, x)lantam in Groenlandia satis vulgarem esse C, groenlandicam L., et brevis diagnosis Linn^ana (foliis minimis, carnosis cordatis v. reniformibus, obtusis, integerrimis v. utrinque dente unico obsoleto notatis) huic opinioni non obstat. Planta nostra non solum in Groenlandia, sed quoque in Islandia et Fin- markia observata est, quod etiam de sua C. groenlandica observat Linnaeus. (Specimina Scandinavia borealis, nomine C. acticcB Fr. vulgo designata ab hac vix differunt)."
*' Alchemilla Jissa Schummel. — Specimen faeroense, a beat. Forchhammer lectum h. 1. depictum est ; postea cl. Rostrup pluri- bus locis insularum faeroensium eandem legit et (Bot. Tidskr. iv. p. 30) descripsit. Planta silesiaca, ad quam relata est, in Wimm. Fl. V. Schlesien vol. 2 in titulo depicta, non nisi characteribus levioribus recedit a faeroensi (folhs subglabris nee adpresse sericeis, lobis brevioribus et latioribus, panicula magis effusa) ceterum ad unam eandemque speciem referendae sunt, quae, observante cl. Wimmer (1. c. 1. p. 143) multo magis A. vulgari quam A. aljnnm affinis est. Sed A. conjuncta Bab. (Man. ed. 7, p. 101) in insulis faeroensibus a Trevelyan lecta, quam Nyman (Consp. p. 238) inter Synonyma nostras posuit, certissime cum hac baud conjungi potest. Babingtonii A. conjuncta enim non nisi statura proceriore, foliorum segmentis basi conjunctis et inferioribus deorsum spectantibus differt ab A. alpiiia, et speciminibus Brittanicis a cl. Bennett missis convictus sum, banc toto ccelo tam a figura Fl. Dan. quam a speciminibus a cl. Rostrup lectis differre. Quare haec nostra foliis usque ad medium fissis (nee basi solum conjunctis) subtus pube- scentibus, supra viridibus, segmentis infer invicem longe distantibus distiucta, A. Jissa Schumm. w&v.faroensis ^uve appellari debet."
40 NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE, ETC.
Tab. 2231. — '' Arenaria marina dicta, non est Lepigonum mari- mum Wahlb. quod radice crassiore perenni, floribus majoribus, seminibiis Irevibus, pleriimque alato-marginatis distinguitur, et quod in Fl. Dan. tab. 740 depictum est. Hasc figura autem ad Lepigonum salinum (Presl.) referenda est, et quidem ob semina tuberculata ad specimen var. neglectce (L. neglectum Kindb. Lge. Haandb. ed. 3, p. 334) delineata est. Semina autem indistincte variant l^via v. tuberculata et cum reliqui quoque characteres ad distinguendum inter 2 species (L. lejospermiim et L. neglectum) vix sufficiant, in unam (L. medium Fr. etiam includentem) conjunxit et Leffler (Oesterr. bot. Zeitscbr. 1869) sed nomen ab eo datum, L. {Spergularia) caninum, jure prioritatis L. salino postponendum erit."
" Melampyrum pratense L. non parum variabile, apud nos formis hisce prfficipue ludit ; 1 angustifoHum [M. montanum Johnst.) gracile, saepe hirtulum, foliis lineari-lanceolatis, bracteis integris v. basi breviter dentatis ; 2 integerrimum Doell. foliis lanceolatis in- tegerrimis ; 3 latifolium Bab. {ovatum Spenn.) glabrum, robustius, foliis lanceolato-ovatis, bracteis basi bideutatis v. subintegris ; 4 laciniatum (JL laciniatuui Kosh et Zinger, Bull. Mosc. 1881, p. 3, tab. 3) foliis anguste lanceolatis, bracteis petiolatis, basi sub- cordata profunde laciniatis, laciniis utrinque 2-4. Corolla calyce duplo longiore. Ad banc formam (4) pertinet figura li. 1. depicta, sed dolendum est, non indicatum esse locum, in quo lecta est ; liaec enim rarior est quam reliquse for mas (legi ad Margretelund Jyllandiae) ceterum in Kossia hinc inde occurrit et nuperrime e Gallia australi specimina accepi a cl. Hervier lecta."
Hieracium strictum Fr. — " (Tab. 2425). Planta conspicua h. 1. depicta vario modo determinata est. In textu Hieracium prenan- thoiiles Vill. appellatur, sed ab hujus forma typica, qualis in Norvegia et in Europa australi occurrit, valde differt, et si definitioni Friesianse fides babeuda est, potius ad ' Foliosa ' quam ad ' Prenantlioidea ' referri debet : ob caulem dense foliatum, ligulas glabras (nee ciliatas), acbenia atrofusca (nee pallida), Beat. E. Fries olim (Symb. Hier. p. 184, Epicr. p. 125) H. crocato Fr. eam adsociavit, postea in litteris pro H. aurato suo declaravit, et sub lioc nomine in Consp. fl. Groenl. eam enumeravi. Et quidem descriptio H. aurati Fr. (Epicr. p. 124) sat bene cum nostro specimine convenit. E con- trario cl. Lindeberg in litt. ad H. strictum Fr. retulit, quare inter species criticas adliuc manet. Altera vero species in Groenlandia australi bine inde obvia, a me in Consp. fl. Groenl. minus recte cum nostra conjuncta, ad H. prenanthoidem ut var. rigorosam. (Laest.) ducit cl. Almquist (Vet. Akad. Ofversigt, 1884, p. 49)." [H. strictum Fr. [verum) is very different in colour from H. prenan- thoides Vill., and lias tbe leaves mucb more parallel-sided. Tbe true plant (as I believe) was gatbered in Ayrshire last year by Mr. L>. A. Boyd.— A. B.]
Tab. 2559. — " * AspidiiDii angulare' ad specimen in insula Christ- ianse lectum deliueatum, est A. aculeatum (L.) Sw. [A. angulare Kit.) quod nomen a Linn?eo jam datum servari debet. Prteterea a botauicis Brittanicis nomine A. angularis alia forma designatur, quae in Dania desideratur." [True angulare is rare in Britain ;
NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE, ETC. 41
most specimens so called are really lobatimi with squarer cutting than usual. — A. B.]
Potentilla arenaria Borkh. — *' Haec planta, observante cl. Kerner et pi. autt., non est P. cinerea Chaix, quae modo in Alpibus et quidem rarissime occurrit, sed P. arenaria Borkh. (Fl. Wett. ii. p. 248) in Europa media haud rara. Synonymon P. incana Moench huic respondet, dum vero P. incana Lam. est alia species, foliis trifoliatis diversa, quare illud nomen pro nostra adhiberi nequit. In FJ. Dan. tab. 2540 huic affinis P. verna L. depicta est. Nonnulli (v. c. Kerner) contendunt, hoc nomen ad P. maculatiun Pourr. spectare, et negari non potest, plures characteres et synonyma cum hac convenire, sed tam loca natalia a Linnso P. vernce ad- scripta (' in pratis siccioribus et campis frequentissime ') quam tempus florendi ('floret cum Tulipa et Anemone nemorosa') minime cum P. maciilata, sed optime cum P. verna nostra conveniunt. Haec autem sine dubio est species collectiva 2 species affines includens, ita ut nomen ^quo jure in utramque applicari potest, cum autem P. maculata aestate floreat, huic nomen ' vernae, parum appropriatum videtur. Neque opinioni cl. Kerneri assentior, Linnaeo P. opacam nostram ignotam fuisse et P. opacam Linnaei esse P. vernam nostram, nam descriptio P. opaca L.' caulibus filiformibus, foliis radicali- bus 5-9 foliolis compositis magis villosis ' etc. longe melius P. opacm nostrae quam P. vernm convenit.'" [Altering the names (that is, practically interchanging them), as advocated by some Scandinavian authors, would seem rather to add to the difficulty than to solve it. —A. B.]
'* Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. (Bess. Fl. Podol. 1822) est nomen serius datum quam T. Corniculatum (Kit. sub Leontoil. in Scholt. Oesterr. Fl. 1814) et huic igitur postponendum aliud synonymon est Leontodon ohliqiius Fr. Nov. fl. Suec. ed. i. 1814). Et nomen Kitaibelii quoque praeferendum, quia e charactere facile discernendo, appendice enim corniformi squamarum periclinii, sumtum est, dum color acheniorum minime constans saepe enim fusco-cinereus (nee rufus) est."
Tab. 2643. — " Avena elatior f. typica, sic appellata, etsi rarissime observatur, quia flores spicularum magis quam in forma communi completae sunt, omnes nempe ? aristatae, cum in vulgari flos in- ferior (^ aristata, superior vero 5 mutica. Haec forma igitur pro- bat, distinctionem inter Avenam et Arrhenatherum esse artificialem, utpote charactere haud constante fundatam."
** (Tab. 2663). Lapjm intermedia Lge. (sub Arctio, 1843). — Hoc nomen haud servari potest, cum jam antea sub 2 aliis nominibus descripta est ; L. macrosperma Wallr. (Linnaea, 1840, p. 639) et L. nemorosa Lej. (sub Arctio, Fl. Belg. 3, p. 129, 1836). Nomine igitur primum dato L. nemorosa (Lej.) Korn. erit appellanda, tanto magis quia etiam apud nos semper in silvis occurrit. De synonymia conf. ceterum Kornicke (Schr. phys.-oekon. Gesellsch, z. Kcinigsberg, 1864, p. 63, 1867, p. 14) et Lange (Bot. Tidskr. v. p. 292). Quid sit Arctium nemorosum a Babington (Man. ed 7, p. 197) ab A. intermedio (A. puhens Bab.) specifice distinctum, conjicere nequeo." [Dr. Lange seems to consider the two plants he formerly separated
42 NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY.
only as forms of one, one being the woodland plant, the other of open ground. — A. B.]
*' (Tab. 2703). Scirpus bifoHus Wallr. habitu et rationibus quibusdam biologicis, non autem characteribus e flore fructuque sumtis differt e S. riifo Huds., quare hujus subspecies potius quam species distincta esse videtur. In Dania paucis modo locis occurrit et ubique rara esse videtur. Semina matura non legi, quare an constans sit, cultura probare non potui." [Undoubtedly this has a very different appearance from Scirpus [Blysmus) rufus ; the difference seems really only varietal, not subspecific, but that is, of course, a matter of opinion. — A. B.]
Tab. 2791. — " ZannichelUa macrostemon J. Gay h«c tabula in- scripta est. Nomeu Z. jmlustris L. CoUectivum est, et postquam plures species distinct^ sunt, baud servari potest. Distinctio a. b. J. Gay facta inter formam staminibus brevibus {brachystemon) et longioribus (macrostemon) secundum observationes a cl. P. Nielsen factas nota baud constante fundata est, cum species macro- et brachystemones promiscue occurrent, quare idem nomen Z. marincB proposuit (Bot. Tidskr. v. p. 204) cujus forma vulgaris est haec nostra, antheris 4-locularibus instructa cum alia forma [intermedia Nielsen) antheris 2-locularibus distinguetur."
(Tab. 3008-9). — " Formse 2 Plantaginis lanceolatm tarn inter se quam a speciei typo divergentes in his tabulis repraesentantur, altera (var. depressa Rostr.) in insulis faeroeensibus lecta, glabra, foliis latis, scapis crassis, profunde sulcatis, decumbentibus, altera (v. eriophi/Ua Dene.) ad littora BornholmiaB et alibi obvia, foliis angustioribus dense lanatis, scapis gracilibus distincta."
NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FEOM CAPE
COLONY. By J. G. Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S.
(Continued from p. 4.)
LlLIACE^. ASPARAGE^.
Asparagus Saundersiae, n. sp. — Stems slender, sarmentose, woody, terete, stramineous, glabrous ; prickles small, spreading, pungent ; branchlets spreading or ascending, very slender, acutely angled, not zigzag. Cladodia 3-4-nate, subterete, rigid, ascending, about ^ in. long, rounded on the back, flat or rather channelled on the face. Piacemes spreading from the main woody branches, lax, about an inch long ; pedicels very slender, solitary, articulated above the middle, the lower ^ in. long ; bracts minute, ovate, white. Perianth l-12th in. long ; segments oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, spreading horizontally. Stamens nearly as long as the perianth ; anthers globose, very minute. Ovary pedicellate ; style very short.
Hab. Natal, Mrs. Katherine Saimdersl Near A. racemosus Willd.
NEW PETALOID MONOCOTYLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY. 43
A. myriocladus, n. sp. — Main stem woody, terete, suberect, many-ribbed ; prickles slender, pungent, deflexed ; branchlets short, crowded, very slender, strongly angled, simple, ascending. Phyllocladia 3-8-nate, linear, rigid, mucronate, Jin. long. Kacemes lax, about an inch long, produced from the woody main stems ; pedicels l-12th to l-8th in. long, articulated at the middle; bracts ovate-lanceolate. Perianth l-12th in. long ; segments obtuse. Stamens nearly as long as the perianth ; anthers minute, globose.
Hab. Natal ; Inanda, Wood 355 ! Near A. (BtJiiopicus.
Aloine^e.
Kniphofia Northiae, n. sp. — Stem produced above the surface of the ground, 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 30-40 in a dense rosette, lanceolate-acuminate, glaucous, broadly channelled down the face, not acutely ribbed on the back, the outer 4-5 ft. long, 5-6 in. broad at the base, tapering gradually to a long point, distinctly serrulate on the margin, the inner leaves of the rosette growing gradually narrower and shorter. Peduncle elongated, above an inch thick. Eaceme very dense, above a foot long, 3-4 in. diam. ; bracts ovate, scariose, those just below the base of the raceme ^-^ in. long; pedicels short ; all the lower flowers pale yellow, only the upper flushed towards the tip with red. Perianth cylindrical, an inch long; segments small, ovate. Stamens about as long as the perianth. Style a little exserted.
Hab. Grahamstown. Described from a drawing in the North gallery, and a living plant in the Cactus-house at Kew, presented by Miss North, which has not yet flowered. We are informed by Mr. Tidmarsh that it was discovered by Mr. W. Dugmore. Of the spe- cies already known it is most like K. caulescens Baker (Bot. Mag. t. 5946), but the leaves are much broader, the perianth much larger, and the stamens not exserted.
K. modesta, n. sp. — Leaves linear, rigid, li ft. long, l-12th to l-8th in. broad, acutely keeled on the back. Peduncle slender, as long as the leaves ; empty bracts lanceolate. Eaceme dense, sub- spicate, subsecund, 3-6 in. long ; pedicels very short ; bracts lanceolate, ^-^ in. long. Perianth cylindrical, yellow, ^ in. long ; segments ovate. Anthers oblong, finally just exserted.
Hab. Griqua-land east ; sides of Mount Currie, at Koksted, alt. 6000 ft., Tyson 1418 ! Near K. hrevifiora Harv.
K. Tysoni, n. sp. — Leaves linear, 3-4 ft. long, f in. broad at the base, tapering gradually to a long point, acutely keeled on the back. Peduncle as long as the leaves. Eaceme very dense, i ft. long, 2|- in. diam. including the stamens ; pedicels very short ; bracts oblong, obtuse, ^ in. long. Perianth red-yellow, f in. long, ^ in. diam. at the throat; segments semiorbicular. Stamens exserted, |— ^ in.
Hab. East Griqua-land, on the Zuurberg, alt. 4000 ft., Tyson 1709 ! Between K. pumila and sarmentosa.
Gasteria radulosa, n. sp. — Acaulescent. Leafy stem l-lf in. long. Leaves about 6, distichous, lorate-ensiform, 6-8 m. long, 1\ in. broad, flexible in texture, flat on the face, dull green, ^ in.
44 NEW PETALOID MONOOOTyLEDONS FROM CAPE COLONY.
thick in the middle, rounded to a cusp at the apex, dentate on the edge upwards, the spots of the face crowded, small, whitish, slightl}^ raised. Flowers unknown.
Hab. Described from a living plant in the Kew collection in 1885, received from Berlin. Near G. subvernicosa Haw.
G. transvaalensiSj Hort. De Smet. — Acaulescent. Eosette distichous or slightly oblique. Leafy stem short. Leaves about 8, lorate, dark green, rather glossy, 4-5 in. long, an inch broad, J in. thick in the centre, the face not excavated, the border not thickened, but toothed towards the white Jiorny deltoid-cuspidate apex ; spots greenish- white, immersed, aggregated into transverse bands. Flowers unknown.
Hab. Transvaal. Described from a living plant in the Kew collection in 1885. Allied to G. nigricans Haw.
Aloe leptophylla, N. E. Brown in Herb. Kew. — Stem short, simple, 1^-2 in. diam. below the rosette of leaves. Leaves 12-20, lanceolate, 9-12 in. long, 2-3 in. broad low down, tapering gradually from the middle to the point, ^ in. thick in the middle, green or tinged with purple, distinctly lineate with copious linear- oblong whitish blotches ; marginal prickles deltoid, ^ in. long. Peduncle simple, \^ ft. long. Eaceme dense, capitate, about 3 in. long and broad ; pedicels 1-1-| in. long ; bracts small, lanceolate- deltoid, acuminate. Perianth 1:^ in. long; segments much shorter than the cjdindrical tube. Stamens as long as the perianth.
Hab. Eastern provinces, introduced into cultivation by Cooper about 1860. May be the imperfectly-described A. tenuifoUa Lam. Encyc. i. 8. It differs from A. Saponaria and A. latifolia by its thinner very flexible leaves.
A. Brownii, n. sp. — Stem short, simple below the rather lax rosette of leaves, 2-3 in. diam. Leaves lanceolate, about a foot and a half long, 3-4 in. broad low down, neither spotted nor striped, \ in. thick in the middle, flat on the face in the lower third, narrowed gradually from the middle to the pungent tip, margined with close deltoid-cuspidate brown-tipped prickles ^-^ in. long. Peduncle stout, simple, above a foot long, with many ovate empty bracts. Eaceme dense, simple, 4-8 in. long ; pedicels |-f in. long; bracts ovate-oblong, nearly as long as the pedicels. Perianth bright red-yellow, cylindrical, 1-1:^ in. long, cut down very nearly to the base. Stamens slightly exserted. Style exserted ^ in. A. nohilis var. demifoUa Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 172.
Hab. Eastern provinces. Described from a living plant that flowered at Kew in 1885.
Apicra turgida, n. sp. — Leafy stem 6-9 in. long, 2-2^ in. diam. (leaves included). Leaves arranged in five spirally- twisted rows, deltoid, an inch long, f in. broad, smooth on the face, scabrous on the margin, quite free from spots or tubercles, the lower spreading, dull green, turgid on the face, rounded on the back, 1-^ in. thick in the middle, the upper pale green, with several indistinct vertical ribs of darker green, flat on the face. Flowers unknown.
Hab. Albany, Hutton ! Introduced into cultivation in 1872. Near A. deltoidea Baker (Bot. Mag. t. 6071).
BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 45
Haworthia columnaris, n. sp. — Leafy stem short. Eosette 3 in. diam. Leaves about 30, multifarious, obovate-cuneate, all ascending, not recurved, |-1 in. long, ^ in. broad, ^ in. thick, minutely cuspidate, dull green, pellucid towards the apex for a quarter of an inch, with greenish brown vertical lines, the margin furnished with minute lanceolate or lanceolate-deltoid deflexed or spreading pellucid teeth. Peduncle simple, ^ ft. long. Kaceme simple, nearly a foot long; lower pedicels short; bracts lanceolate- deltoid, ^-^ in. long. Perianth f in. long ; limb half as long as the tube.
Hab. Described from a living plant in the Kew collection that flowered in 1884, received from Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter. Belongs to the group DenticulatcB, near H. affiiiis and hilineata. (To be continued.)
BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BEITISH AND lEISH BOTANISTS.
By James Britten, F.L.S., and Gr. S. Boulger, F.L.S.
(Continued from p. 21).
Gourlie, Robert (d. 1832 ?) : d. Mendoza, 1832 ? Collected in ChiH. Bot. Misc. iii. 208. GourUea Gilhes.
Gourlie, William (1815-1856): b. Glasgow, March, 1815; d. Pollockshields, Glasgow, 24th June, 1856. F.L.S. , 1855, Pupil of W. J. Hooker and J. H. Balfour. Collected Bristol pi., especially mosses, fossil pL, &c., and purchased large foreign collections. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1857, xxvii.
Govan, George (fl. 1824). M.D. Correspondent of Wallich.
'Nat. Hist Himalayan Mts.,' Edin. Journ. Science, iii.
17 (1824). E. S. C. ii. 973 ; Lasegue, 128. Hypericwn Govan- ianum Wall.
Gowen, James Robert (fl. 1823). Of Highclere, Newbury. 'Hy- brid AmarylUs,' Trans. Hort. Soc. iv. & v. E. S. C. ii. 973. Govenia Lindl.
Grsefer, John (fl. 1789). Botanic Gardener to the King of Naples. * Descriptive Cat. of ... . Herbaceous or Perennial PI.,' 1789 ; ed. 4, 1804.
Graham, John (1805-1839) : b. Dumfriesshire, 1805 ; d. Khan-
dalla, Bombav, 28th May, 1839. * Catalogue of pi in
Bombay,' 1839 (posthumous). Pritz. 127; Jacks. 387; Pref. Cat. Bombay PI. iv. ; Gard. Chron. 1841, 23; Hooker & Thom- son's ' Flora Indica, i. 53 ; E. S. C. ii. 977 ; Lasegue, 433.
Graham, Maria, nee Dundas, afterwards Calcott [See Calcott] .
Graham, Robert (1786-1845) : b. Stirling, 7th Dec. 1786 ; d. Coldoch, Perth, 7th Aug. 1845. M.D. , Edin., 1808. F.L.S., 1825. Husband of preceding. Eegius Prof. Bot. Glasgow, 1813; Edinburgh, 1818. Pres. Bot. Soc. Edin. 1838. Described Wallich's Lcymiimo^(B. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1831, 1832; Pritz. 127; Jacks. 234; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 1846; Proc.
46 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.
Linn. Soc. i. 300 ; Gard. Chron. 1846, 390 ; E. S. C. ii. 977. Portr. at Kew.
Graham, T. (fl. 1841). 'Outlines of Botany,' 1841, ed. 2, 1848. Jacks. 41.
Graves, George (fl. 1777-1834). Of Walworth, Peckham, and Edinburgh. F.L.S., 1812. ' British Grasses,' 1822. ' Hortus Medicus,' 1834. * Flora Londineusis,' vols. 4, 5. Pritz. 127 ; Jacks. 552 ; Friends' Books, i. 862.
Gray. Apothecary. Introduced Fistacia officinarinn, circ. 1570. L'Obel, Adbersaria, 413.
Gray, Christopher (fl. 1740-1763). Nurseryman, of Fulham. Introduced various American plants. * Catalogue,' 1740. Pub- lished Catesby's 'Hortus Britano-Americanus,' 1763. Pritz. i. 103 ; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 76.
Gray, Edv^ard Whitaker (1748-1806): b. 1748; d. British Museum, 27th Dec. 1806. Uncle of S. F. Gray, jun. M.D. Librarian, R.C.P., L.E.C.P., 1773. Keeper of Department of Nat. Hist. & Antiquities, British Museum. A.L.S., 1788. Sec.R.S., 1797. Arranged the Museum on Linnean system. Eng. Bot. 1631 ; Munk, ii. 298 ; Eose, Biog. Diet. ; Gent. Mag. 77 (1807), i. 90. Portr. by Calcott at R. S.
Gray, John Edward (1800-1875); b. Walsall, Stafford, 12th Feb. 1800; d. British Museum, 7th March, 1875. Keeper of the Zoological Department, British Museum, 1840-1875. Assistant from 1824. F.L.S., 1857. F.R.S., 1832. Ph.D., Munich, 1852. Pres. Bot. Soc. Lond., 1838. 'Natural Arrangement of British Plants,' 1821, under the name of his father, S. F. Gray. ' British Water-weeds,' 1864. Pritz. 128 ; Jacks. 552 ; 'List of Books . . . .' by Gray, ed. by J. Saunders, 1872; E. S. C. h. 998; vh. 819; Journ. Bot. 1865, 297; 1872, 374 ; 1875, 127 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. xii. 409 ; Gard. Chron. 1875, i. 335 ; 'Portraits of Men of Eminence,' 1863, with photo, portr. Bronze medallion, with Mrs. Gray, at Linn. Soc.
Gray, Maria Emma, nee Smith (1787-1876) : b. Greenwich Hospital, 1787 ; d. 9th Dec. 1876 ; m. 1 (1810), Francis Edward Gray; m. 2 (1826), Dr. John Edward Gray, his second cousin. Conchologist and algologist. Algffi in Cambridge Univ. Mus. Journ. Bot. 1876, 32 ; Gard. Chron. 1876, h. 789; 'Athenaeum,' 16th Dec. 1876. Bronze medallion at Linn. Soc. Grmjemma J. E. Gray.
Gray, Samuel Frederick (fl. 1760). Father of the following, and brother of Edward Whitaker Gray. Translated Linnaeus's ' Philosophia Botanica' for James Lee. E. S. C. ii. 1012. 'Athenaeum,' Sept. 1863, p. 368.
Gray, Samuel Frederick (fl. 1780-1836). Posthumous son of preceding. Druggist, of Walsall. Afterwards Lecturer on Botany in London. ' Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia,' 1818. Editor, 'London Medical Eepository,' 1819-1821. 'Natural Arrangement of British Plants,' 1821, mainly the work of his son, J. E. Gray. Pritz. i. 103; Jacks. 552.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 47
Green, Thomas (fl. 1816-1820). ' The Universal Herbal,' 1816-20. Jacks. 37.
Greenwood, Alfred (fl. 1845-1862). Of Chelmsford. F.B.S.E. Mosses of Chelmsford, Phyt. ii. 384 (1846). E. S. C. hi. 5.
Gregory, William (1805 ?-1858) : b. Edinbm-gh, 1805 ? ; d. Edinburgh, 24th April, 1858. Prof. Chemistry, Edinb. M.D., Edinb., 1828. 'Marine Diatomace^,' 1857. Pritz. 128; Jacks. 158 ; R. S. C. iii. 9 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi. 75.
Greville, Charles Francis (fl. 1811). V.-P. Eoyal Soc. Linn. Trans, x. 168. Greville a Br.
Greville, Robert Kaye (1794-1866) : b. Bishop Auckland, Dur- ham, 13th Dec. 1794 ; d. Murrayfield, Edinburgh, 4th June, 1866 ; bur. Dean Cemetery. LL.D., Glasgow, 1824. F.L.S., 1827. * Scottish Cryptogamic Flora,' 1823-8. ' Flora Edinensis,' 1824. ' Alg^e Britannic^,' 1830. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. 2666. Pritz. 128 ; Jacks. 553 ; E. S. C. iii. 12 ; vh. 836 ; Journ. Bot. 1866, 238; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. viii. 464; Card. Chron. 1866, 539. Herbarium at Eoyal Bot. Gard., Edinburgh. Diatoms in Herb. Mus. Brit.
Grew, Nehemiah (1641-1712) : b. Atherstone or Mancetter, Warwick, 1641 ; d. London, 25th March, 1712 ; bur. Cheshunt. B.A., Camb., 1661. M.D., Leyden, 1716. F.E.S., 1671. Sec.E.S., 1677. F.E.C.P., 1680. 'Anatomy of Vegetables begun,' 1672. ' Anatomy of Plants,' 1684, " opus absolutum et immortale," Sprengel. Pult. i. 337 ; Eees ; Pritz. 129 ; Jacks. 553 ; Munk, i. 406 ; F. L. Colvile, ' Worthies of War- wickshire.' Portr. engr. by E. White, 1700, from painting by the same, formerly at Barber-surgeon's Hall, in ' Cosmologia Safra,' 1701. Another pub. by Dr. Thornton. Grewia L.
Griffin, W. (fl. 1820). Of South Lambeth. Introduced plants from Brazil, &c. I3ot. Eeg. 511. Griffinia Ker.
Griffith, John Wynne (fl. 1783-1855). 'Of Garn, near Denbigh. F.L.S. Sent Welsh plants to Smith. Communicated lists to Bingley's ' Tour round N. Wales,' see Bot. Guide, 166. Eng Bot. 440, 1735, &c. ; E. S. C. iii. 16. Griffithia Br. = Glijpho mitriun.
Griffith, William (1810-1845) : b. Ham Common, Surrey, 1810 d. Malacca, 9th Feb. 1845. Assistant-surgeon, Madras, 1832 F.L.S. , 1840. In Assam, with M'Clelland and Wallich, 1835 in Bhotan, with Pemberton, 1837-8; in Afghanistan, 1839 Superintendent Bot. Gard. and Prof. Med. Coll. Calcutta, 1842 Pritz. 129; Jacks. 553 ; E. S. C. iii. 18 ; Lasegue, 149, 432 Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 239 ; Annual Eeport, Eoyal Asiatic Soc 1845; Gard. Chron. 1845,387. Portr. Kew. Plants at Kew Gril/ithia Wight & Arn.
Griffiths, Amelia W. (fl. 1817-1858). Of Torquay. Algologist. Correspondent of Harvey and Greville. ''The facile rcfjhia of British algologists," Harvey. Plants in Blewitt's ' Panorama of Torquay,' 1832. Jacks. 504 ; Harvey, ' Phycologia,' t. xvi. ; Syn. 243 ; Greville, 'Algae Brit.' introd. p. vi. ; Eng. Bot. 1926. Algae at Kew. Grifjitda Ag.
48 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.
Groult, — (fl. 1800-1804). Of London. " A very assiduous investi- gator of English plants," Smith. Eng. Bot. 777, 919, 1096, 1326, &c. Sent plants to Smith.
Guilding, Rev. Lansdowne (1797 P-1833) ; b. Kingstown, St. Ymcent, 1797?; d. St. Vincent, 1833. B.A., Oxon, 1817. F.L.S., 1817. Zoologist. 'Account of the Botanic Gard., St. Vincent,' 1825, with plates. Plants at Kew. Jacks. 450 ; E. S. C. iii. 76. GuUdingia Hook. = Olishea.
Gulliver, George (1804-1882) : b. Banbury, Oxon, 4th June, 1804 ; d. Canterbury, 17th Nov. 1882. F.E.S. Assistant- surgeon to Horse Guards. ' Catalogue of . . . plants . . . near Banbury,' 1841. 'Notes on Kesearches in . . . Botany,' 1870; ed. 2, 1880. Wrote on Eaphides. Herbarium at Chatham Literary Society. Journ. Bot. 1883, 31 ; Pritz. 132 ; Jacks. 554 ; E. S. C. iii. 84 , vii. 865 ; Druce, Fl. Oxfordsh., 395.
Gmin, Ronald Campbell (1808-1881) : b. Cape of Good Hope, 1808; d. Launceston, Tasmania, 14th March, 1881. F.L.S., 1850. F.E.S. , 1854. In Tasmania from 1830. E. S. C. iii. 87; Journ. Bot. 1881, 192; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1881-2, 63; Lasegue, 283; Hooker, 'Flora Tasmania,' cxxv. Col. chalk portr. at Kew. Gunnia, Ldl.
Gutch, John Wheeley Gough (d. 1862). Of Swansea. Queen's messenger. F.L.S., 1848. 'List of Swansea PI.,' Phyt. i. (1844), 104, &c. E. S. C. iii. 95.
Hailstone, Samuel (1768 ?-1851) ; d. 26th Dec. 1851. Of
Horton Hall, Bradford. F.L.S., 1801. Contrib. to Eng. Bot.
(1035, 2737, &c.). Appendix to Whitaker's Hist. Craven.
Baines, Fl. Yorks., preface. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 189. Hales, Rev. Stephen (1677-1761) : b. Bekesbourne, Canterbury,
7th Sept. 1677 ; d. Teddington, Middlesex, 4th Jan. 1761 ;
bur. Teddington. B.A., Camb., 1699. M.A., 1703. B.D.,
1711. B.D., Oxon, 1731. D.D., 1733. Eector of Teddington,
1710. Clerk of Closet to Princess of Wales. 'Vegetable
Staticks,' 1727. Pritz. 133 ; Jacks. 67 ; Bees ; Gard. Chron.
1877, i. 16, with portr. ; 'Annual Eegister,' 1765, with portr.
Monument in Westminster Abbey. Portr. by F. Coates, E.A.,
engr. by Hopwood for Dr. Thornton. Halesia Browne =
Giiettarda L. Halesia Ellis & L. Hall, Colonel (fl. 1831). Collected with Jameson in Quito.
Lasegue, 472. Hall, Agnes C. (fl. 1802). ' Elements of Botany,' 1802. Pritz.
cd. 1, 108; Jacks. 35. ' Hall, Richard (fl. 1808). M.D. 'Irritability of Vegetables.'
E. S. C. iii. 139. Hall, Thomas B. (fl. 1839). ' Flora of Liverpool,' 1839. Pritz.
184 ; Jacks. 255. Halle, Hughes R. P. Fraser (fl. 1842-1869). 'Letters, Historical
and Botanical,' 1851. Pritz. 134; Jacks. 251. Halley, Edmund (1656-1742) : b. Haggerston, 29th Oct. 1656 ;
d. Greenwich, 14th Jan. 1742 ; bur. Lee, Kent. Astronomer and
SHORT NOTES. 49
Mathematician. Capt. E.N. M.A., Oxen, 1678. LL.D., 1703.
F.E.S., 1678; Sec, 1713. Savilian Prof. Geometry, 1703.
Astronomer-Eoyal, 1720. Sent plants from Trinidad to Petiver,
1700. Mus. Pet. pp. 37, 77, 80 ; Chalmers. Halstead, William (fl. 1702). Major. Brought Carolina plants
to Petiver, 1702. Mus. Pet. 96 ; Hb. Sloane, 158. Hambrough, Albert John (1820 9-1861) : b. 1820? ; d. London,
6th June, 1861. Of Steephill Castle, I. of W. F.L.S., 1856.
F.B.S.E., 1839. Contributed to Bromfield's 'Mora Vectensis.'
Seaweeds in Venables, ' I. of Wight,' 1860. Phyt. v. 194 ;
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vii. 202 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1862, xc.
E. S. C. iii. 145. Hamilton, Charles (fl. 1785). Lieutenant. 'Description of
Mahwah Tree,' Asiatic Eesearches, i. 300. Dryand. iii. 282. Hamilton, Claudius (fl. 1699). Gave Barbadoes plants to Petiver.
Mus. Pet. no. 674. Hamilton, Francis, nee Buchanan (1762-1829) : b. Branziet,
Callander, Perth, 15th Feb. 1762 ; d. 15th June, 1829. M.D.,
Edinb., 1783. A.L.S., 1788. F.L.S., 1816. F.E.S. Surgeon
E. I. C, 1794. Superintendent, Bot. Gard., Calcutta, 1814-15.
Contributed mosses to Eng. Bot., 1590, &c. Plants at Kew and
Brit. Mus. Jacks. 383 ; E. S. C. i. 692 ; Lasegue, 138 ; Smith
Lett. ii. 85 ; Diet. Nat. Biog. vii. 186 ; ' Men whom Lidia has
known,' 1871. Buchanania Sm. = Colehrookea Sm. Buclianania
Spreng. Hamilton, Rev. James (1814-1867); b. Paisley, N.B., 27th
Nov. 1814 ; d. Euston Sq., London, 24th Nov. 1867. M.A.,
Glasgow. D.D., Edinb. Pastor of Eegent Sq. Church, 1841.
F.L.S., 1848. Wrote bot. in Fairbairn's 'Diet, of the Bible.'
Proc. Linn. Soc. 1867-8, civ. ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. ix. 269 ;
Vapereau ; ' Men of the Time,' ed. 6. Hamilton, William (fl. 1825-1854). M.B. ' Prodromus pi.
Indiae occideutalis,' 1825. Contributed to Pharm. Journ.
Pritz. 134 ; Jacks. 368 ; E. S. C. iii. 147. (To be continued.)
SHOET NOTES.
JuNcus Gerakdi Lois. — A pretty little rush, allied to this species, has for some years been under observation. It grows plentifully in a brackish marsh on sand by the Channel shore near Berrow, between Brean and Burnham ; and its interest depends on charac- ters linking it with J. cornpressus Jacq. This summer (1887) I have been enabled to study the latter plant from specimens obtained near Stanton Drew, and having also gathered typical Gerardi on the coast of Dorset, could determine the position of the Berrow rush with some confidence. J. Gerardi is a salt-marsh plant, distinguished by a far- creeping rhizome, panicle rather close, exceeding its
Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27. [Feb., 1889.] e
50 SHORT NOTES.
bract, and capsule narrow, strongly mucronate, about equalling the perianth. On the other hand, J. compressits is found only inland, has a tufted rhizome, a rather loose panicle falling short of its bract, and difiers above all in the larger, rounder, and more obtuse capsule, -VNhich distinctly exceeds the perianth. The plant under notice has the rhizome of Gerardi, and, unless hampered by other vegetation, creeps straight ahead in a direct line, putting up stems at regular remote intervals. It agrees with that species also in the comparative length of the lower bract. There the similarity ends ; the panicle is loose, with separately-stalked flowers ; the perianth-segments fall short of the capsule, sometimes by as much as one-half; the capsule is never acuminate, but subglobular, obtuse, and mucronate, of a beautiful light-brown colour, polished and shining when fresh, becoming puckered and wrinkled on drying. Dr. Buchenau, the chief authority on Junciis, reports on specimens sent to him: "Forma intermedia J. covqnessi et J. Gerardi. Antherae filamentis circa 2^-plo longiores. Stilus longus. Fructus perigonio circa dimidio longiores." The Berrow rush, therefore, is a connecting-link between the two species mentioned ; and although such a form is extremely rare, and perhaps may now have been observed in Britain for the first time, yet its occurrence decidedly supports the view of those botanists who consider these plants to be resolvable into one super-species through intermediate states.— J. W. White (in Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc. v. iii. 233).
Daboecia. — In Prof. Babington's paper on Botanical Nomencla- ture in the December number of the ' Journal of Botany,' there is one item which seems to need correction. He asserts that David Don failed to correct a printer's error when founding the genus Daboecia ; but a review of the history of its names will show that this supposition is not justified by facts. Linnaeus, in the first edition of his * bpecies Plantarum,' under Erica, has the species E. Daboeci, giving as a synonym Erica s. Daheoci hikruis of Bay, Hist. pi. iii, Dendrol. 98. but mis-spelling it Dabeci ; no change was made until the twelfth edition of the ' Systema,' when our plant was transferred to Andromeda. It was on this foundation that Don made his genus Daboecia in the 'Edinburgh Philosophical Journal' (July, 1834), 160; any mistake in the spelling must be attributed to Linnaeus, who successively wrote Dabeci and Daboeci, retaining the latter spelling, and we are therefore not warranted in ascribing carelessness in proof-reading to Don, who clearly meant the name to stand as he wrote it. For my own part, I know nothing of S. Dabeoc, save in connection with this plant ; and I should be glad if the Editor, who has given so much attention to the naming of our indigenous vegetation, could enhghten our ignorance of this Celtic Saint. — B. Daydon Jackson.
Banunculus Bal'dotii in Woecesteesbiee. — In the summer of 1883 I met with a Batrachian, which I supposed to be some variety ol lianinuvhiH ](ltaii(!<, growing in a small pond at Madresfield, near Malvern. I did not again gather it until 188G, when I saw it in abundance in the Stews at Madresfield Court, about one-third of a
SHORT NOTES. 51
mile distant from the pond, but, as I afterwards found, connected with it by a very small stream. Mr. James Groves kindly examined for me both dried and fresh specimens (see Bot. Ex. Club. Eep. 1887), and considers the plant an inland form of E. Baudotii. —
ElCHAED F. ToWNDROW.
Eadula voluta in Scotland. — In July, 1888, I gathered Badula voluta Taylor, in the Ness Glen, Dalmellington, Ayrshire. This is, as far as I am aware, the first record of this hepatic for Scotland. Along with it was Plagioclnla tridenticidata Tayl. — Jas. Mc Andrew.
Flora of Beinn Laoigh. — Mr. Druce's description of this moun- tain (Journ. Bot. 1888, p. 9) is only too graphic. I gave, in No. 223 of ' Science Gossip,' a list of the plants I saw in the district, the result of which is that all the rarer plants have been nearly exter- minated, and even Mr. Druce has had a difficulty in seeing some of the species that used to grow in profusion. Cystopteris montana, for instance, he does not appear to have seen on the Perthshire side, yet it used to be a very common plant. Of Arahis j^etraa Lamk., both the nearly-entire and the much-cut-leaved forms occur on the mountain, and the same remark applies to the Cam Creay range of hills near Killin ; the former in moist and shady situations, the latter on dry and exposed XDlaces. Drosera obovata W. & K. used to grow plentifully near to the stream about one mile below Coninish Farm, and here and there on the moorland from the Farm-house up towards Beinn Chuirn. I never saw either D. obovata or D. intermedia growing far from D. anglica and D. rotundifolia. Dryas octopetala L. used to be most abundant on the most eastern rocks of Stob Garbh, and it was among these rocks that Pyrola rotundifolia and P. secunda used to flower best. Mr. A. Bennett would not admit Armeria planifolia Syme. I have sent him a much broader- leaved form fi'om Ben Lawers, but I have not had his opinion yet. I am certain we have not got this form on our Scotch mountains. Carex vaginata Tausch. is not rare on the mountain, and the form horealis as figured by Andersson is also to be found here and there, the further up the more typical, but nowhere so characteristic as that seen in Aberdeenshire and Forfarshire. I am surprised that a botanist in Mr. Druce's position did not know of my work, and that of many others after me in this district. I should have been only too glad to have given him any information in my power, and would have liked his opinion on many plants growing in the district. — P. Ewing.
Flora of the Isle of Wight. — I have arranged to publish a Flora of the Isle of Wight, and I shall be very glad to receive any notes with regard to the matter. I have adopted the drainage divisions given by Mr. Townsend in his 'Flora of Hampshire,' and records of plants found in the district will be acceptable. — Frederic Stratton.
52
EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF THE BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB FOR 1887.
Edited by George Nicholson, A.L.S.
Viola Curtisii Forst., vars. On the sandhills at Southshore, Blacki30ol, W. Lancashire, 2nd June, 1887. Sent to show the great extremes in habit and colouring. In the early summer this plant completely covers the sandhills, and all colours, cream, yellow, pale lavender, light and dark blue, and purple, grow intermixed. In most other stations where I have seen this plant it affects flat, damp, sandy areas, and usually presents a uniformity of habit and colour. At Southshore, St. Anne's, and Lytham, all on the West Lancashire coast, it is quite as frequent on the dry sides of the sandhills as in their hollows. — Chakles Bailey. I have failed to get distinctive names, or even definite opinions, on these Violas from the referees to whom they were sent. — G. N.
SteUaria umbrosa Opiz. Two forms ; one glabrous, and the other with calyces and pedicels hairy. Tortworth, West Gloucestershire. This may be a new record for Vice-Co. 34. I have collected a series of specimens to illustrate a point which has already been mentioned here aud there, namely, that this plant is commonly glabrous, but that there is also a frequent form of it having the pedicels and calyces hairy. The species is not rare either in West Gloucester or North Somerset, and one can readily find both its varieties or states intermingled on the same hedgebank. I have carefully examined and compared these plants, not forgetting the ripe seeds, and am satisfied that, beyond the character named, there is no structural difference whatever between them. — Jas. Walter White.
Anthyllis Vulneraria L. Near Stoutiug, E. Kent, 3rd July, 1887. I send a variety of this plant, in which the stem is very hispid with spreading hairs. Dr. Lange names it var. hirsutissima DC, but as that plant is described as having red flowers, I suppose Dr. Lange would include under that name also the var. Allionii DC, which differs only in having yellow flowers, and which, strictly, seems to be the name of the plant. This form is certainly not the common one of our chalk hills, which usually has the stem, &c., subglabrous, or with a little adpressed hair. I have met with the variety in one locality in Sm-rey, as well as about Stouting, in E. Kent, whence I now send examples, and where it seems to be abundant. — W. H. Beeby.
liubus cordifolhis W^ & N. Overhanging a brook near Harracles Mill, Rudyard, Staffordshire, 8th September, 1887. A new county record, detected by Mr. J. G. Baker. In a walk of about six miles, between Kudyard and Rushton, eight other liubi, not previously recorded for Co. 39, were noted, viz. : Lindleianus,villicaulis,iimbrosiis, Spren(jelii, Burreri, liadula, in/estus, and tuberculatiis (diimetorum) ; and the tract traversed was quite as remarkable for the absence of forms which might have been expected to have occurred, li. discolor for instance. We also collected in the same district, and county, the following species, not recorded in • Topographical Botany,' ed. 2, viz. : Ranunculus j^dtatus, Fotentilla procumbms, Epilobium
EXTKACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887. 53
obifcurum, Galium elongatum, Valeriana Mikanii, Arcticiim nemorosum, Veronica Buxhaumii, Atriplex erecta, Potamogeton natans, and Spar- ganium neglectum. — Charles Bailey.
R. nemoralis Muell. [R. Muenteri Marss.), fide 0. C. Babington. Quakers' Wood, near York. Petals white, stamens and pistils white. August, 1887. Professor Babington says of this, that it is what he should have called a state of his " macrophyllus, glabratus,'' but thinks it is as above. — Geo. Webster. "Group of rhaumifolius, near R. cardiophyllus Lefv. & Muell." — W. 0. Focke. "Is most certainly the old umbrosus of Babington, and carpinifolixis of Bloxam. It is a Bramble I know well, as it occurs about Plymouth in two forms, the larger well represented by Mr. Webster's specimens, being found in many places in the enclosed country ; and a smaller form growing on the downs, or wider and more open places. I suppose these w^ould now be placed by Babington under Maassii or Muenteri. The terminal leaflet of Mr. Webster's plant seems most like that of Muenteri, as described by Babington in Journ. Bot. for last year, p. 333."— T. E. A. Briggs.
R. melanoxylon Miill. & Wirtg. Branksome, Dorset; rough bushy ground," in good quantity, 29th July, 1887. This is the plant described by Prof. Babington in Journ. Bot. 1887, pp. 21, 22. I have found it this year in several widely- separated localities near East Dorset, and also near Brockenhurst, in the New Forest,_ S. Hants. It will be of interest to several members of the Club if I add that the R. plinthostyhis described by the Professor in the same paper (p. 22) is the beautiful little bramble which I sent for distribution as a small Koehleri form from Minster Valley, E. Corn- wall, in 1885. — W. Moyle Kogers. New records for Vice-counties 9 and 11.
R. chlorothyrsus Focke. Shirley, Derbyshire, September, 1887. Only observed in one lane. I shall be glad to learn whether this is agreed to as the true chlorothyrsus, as it differs from specimens bearing the same name which I have received from the Continent. — W. R. Linton, "i?. chlorothyrsus Focke, or very near to it." — W. 0. Focke. First record for Britain.
R. gratus Focke. Shirley, Derbyshire, July, 1887. Only a single bush has been observed, occurring in a swampy and open part of Shirley Wood, among bushes of Pi. carpinifolius W. & N. and R.fissus Lindl.— W. R. Linton. Mousehold Heath, Norfolk, 22nd August and 30th September, 1887.— E. F. Linton. So named by Dr. Focke. New county record.
R. Maassii Focke = R. umbrosus (Bab. Man.). Ansley, War- wickshire, 20th August, 1887. As this is one of the commonest British brambles, I have only sent a limited supply, assuming that it is only required as a voucher for correctness in nomenclature. — J. E. Bagnall. This plant, Mr. Baker thinks, should be called R. polyanthemos Lindeb. It is undoubtedly the umbrosus Bab., carpinifolius Blox., and R. Maassii Lond. Cat., but differs totally from specimens named R. Maassii for Mr. Baker by Dr. Focke, which is the R. cordifolius of English authors. — G. N.
R. Maassii Focke. St. Paul's Cray Common, Kent , 1887.—
54 EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887.
Eyre de Crespigny. New record for Vice-county 16. Eoadside, near Bodorgan Station, Anglesey, August, 1887. — J. E. Gtriffith. Is the plant so named by Dr. Focke for Mr. Baker.
R. foUosus Weibe. Ansley Coalfield, Warwickshire, 20th August, 1887. This locality was marked on my ordnance maps by the Rev. A. Bloxam. It is that locality recorded in the 3rd edition of * English Botany,' under the name of Annesley Coalfield, and by Prof. Babington, in his notes on Paihi, under the name of Bunnesley Coalfield. This plant, in the above locality, and in and about the Hartshill stone quarries, forms a special feature in the flora. It also occurs in the Hartshill Hayes, and near Moncetter, all of which stations are in the basin of the River Anker, and on the coal measures of Warwickshire ; but I have never found it in any other part of this county. It appears to me to differ materially from the Devonshire plant. — J. E. Bagnall.
R. Piu'chasii Blox. Wood, Howie Hill, Herefordshire, 18th July, 1887. — AuGusTiN Ley. "Correct, I think." — W. 0. Focke. "What is most undoubtedly the same as this occurs in many places in Devon and Cornwall, and I am delighted at being able, through the receipt of the specimen from Howie Hill, to get a name for it. I had thought it near R. Kcehleri Weihe, and cavatifolius P. J. Miill. The sharply-pointed leaflets, with formal outline, and the light yellowish-green hue of the plant generally, are striking features. I have specimens from Bircham and Shalaford, Egg Buckland; Passage Wood, Revelstoke ; and Caton, all in S.Devon; Anthony; Sheviocke ; and the Camel Valley." — T. R. A. Briggs. New record for Vice-county 3.
R. ccBsius L., hybrid with R. Idaus. Between Hipley Rock and Longcliff Wharf, on the road from Ashbourne to Matlosk, Derby- shire, 11th July, 1887. I send a fair supply of this, gathered in June last. I add a few more, gathered in the end of autumn, showing that the plant does not fruit, and which may be sent out with the others, as far as they will go. The stems of this curious plant are as erect as those of the raspberry, but when they touch a loose wall of stones they send out long shoots, creeping amongst the stones, just as R. ccesius would do. — W. H. Purchas. "Correct." — W. 0. Focke.
Rosa Ripartii Desegl. Barnes Common, Surrey, 30th June, 1886. — W. R. Linton. This is intermediate between the plant reported by me in Journ. Bot. under above name, and ordinary R. spinosisshna L. Prof. Crepin writes: "It is not var. Ripartii, which is dis- tinguished by its compound glandular teeth, and by glands on the lower surface of the leaflets. Mr. Linton's plant is scarcely double- toothed ; it is a variation from typical R. spiiiosissima.''
R. uf/restis Savi {R. sepium Thuill). Wytham, Berks; Beckley, Oxon. Rev. W. Moyle Rogers discovered this plant in Oxon, a single bush occurring in a field lately devoted to foxes, and now assuming the aspect of a bushy common. In Wytham, only one bush, so far as I could find, occurred, but this was a much better and more spreading plant than the Beckley one. The Berks Rosa differs slightly from the Oxon, and neither appears to be quite
EXTRACTS PROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887. 55
typical sepium, although Mr. Baker has passed both. — G. Claridge Druce. New county record for Oxford.
R. tomentosa Smith, var. uncinata F. Arnold Lees, in * Eeport of Botanical Record Chib Report for 1884, 1885, and 1886,' p. 117. Low bushes on a mountain side, above Llys-y-wynt, near Llanfair- fechan ; alt. about 600 ft., 25th September, 1884. "Avery striking plant, with prickles very unlike those of tomentosa ; it seems to con- nect this with Borreri or Bakeri." — T. R. Archer Briggs in litt. — Charles Bailey. Prof. Crepin writes concerning this: "Very curious, on account of the form of its prickles. It remains to be seen whether we have to deal with an individual plant, or whether there are several bushes. [Mr. Bailey's ticket says low hushes, so this part of Prof. Crepin's note is answered.] Mr. Bailey would do well to gather this curious form in flower. It belongs to the group of which my R. j^seudo-ciispidatus (cnfr. ' Primitias Monographia3 Rosarum,' p. 753) makes a part. The foregoing observations are written in case we really have to deal with a variety of R. tomentosa, but does the plant actually belong to that species ? May it not rather be a form of R. corii/olia belonging to the group of R. cinerea Rap. (cnfr. Prim. Mon. Ros. jd. 719) ? It is possible, and even quite probable. You sent me (No. 106) a rose from Railway Bank, Niddry, near Edinburgh, 29th July, 1881, which comes near Mr. Bailey's. The forms of Pi. coriifolia with glandular leaves are rare, and not yet understood. Your No. 106, and Mr. Bailey's plant, if they do belong to R. coriifolia, constitute varieties new to the British Flora. You can, I think, put on the ticket, 'veris Pi. coriifolim Fries, var. prox. R. cinerece Rap.' " " I revisited the locality on July 7th, 1888, and found this rose fairly abundant, and constant. The flowers were just opening, and were of a full pink, rather lighter in shade than Pi. tomentosa. The petals were somewhat unregular in shape, crumpled at the edge, and generally the notch was ill-defined. The uncination exhibited considerable variation between plant and plant, and even on the same plant; the lower parts of the flowering branches generally produced the canina type of hooked prickles, with the enlarged base ; the prickles of the upper portions of the branches were far from uniform, some being straight, and occasion- ally projecting forward, while others were slightly curved, as in tomentosa, and so on into a distinctly-hooked form, both with and without a broadened base. There were about fifty low bushes scattered over a space of about two or three hundred yards of a marshy portion of the mountain-side. I collected suflicient flowering specimens for the members, and have asked Mr. J. E. Griffith, who was good enough to accompany me to the station, to collect fruiting specimens, in the autumn, for the Club. I sent three selected specimens to Prof. Crepin, who has been good enough to report upon them as follows : ' I have just returned from a journey in the Alps, and found your fine specimens of Rosa tomentosa Sm., var. uncinata, awaiting me. After having examined these with much attention, I am led to think that we have in them a form of Pi. tomentosa. As you very justly say, the form of the prickles varies much on the stems, where they are sometimes of typical form
56 EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887.
(slightly arcuate), and sometimes of a more or less uncinate form, recalling those of B. canina. In the presence of this last fact, — which is at least rare in R. tonientosa, — we must seek with care for the practical characters which permit us to distinguish with certainty this aberrant form (var. uncinata) of Rosa tomentosa from certain glandular-leaved varieties of Pi. coriifolia. In the distribution which will be made of this variety uncinata, it would be well if each portion were represented by two specimens : one with the caulinary prickles hooked, and the other with the caulinary prickles slightly arcuate. In the three specimens which you have sent me, the middle leaves of the flowering branchlets are pretty often 9-foliate, which is rare in R. tomentosa.' " — Charles Bailey.
Aster Xoi'i-Beif/ii L. Probably an escape from cultivation. It has now established itself in a wet place, frequently overflowed, by the side of the tidal New Bedford Eiver. This plant has not spread by seed at present, but increases by its abundantly-x^roduced stolons. From the single patch or cluster of stems some hundreds of flowering shoots were produced last autumn. The locality seems thoroughly suited to the requirements of the plant, and it will be a matter of great interest to see whether, in so favourable a situation, seedlings will be able to spring up. Mr. Arthur Bennett kindly named this plant, and compared it with the fine specimens at Kew. — Alfred Fryer.
Pyrethrum corymbosiim W. On the quay, Bangor, where it has been estabhshed eight or ten years, 20th August, 1887. — J. E. Griffith. ' ' I named this plant for Mr. Griffith with some hesitation, as it has a much more condensed inflorescence than the ordinary continental species. It is the stunted inflorescence, and the absence of the ray florets, which have led to its being passed over as Tana- cetum vulgare. As far as I know, it has not previously been recorded amongst aliens in Britain." — Charles Bailey.
Melampyrum jjratense L., hians Druce. By the Findhorn side, near Logic, Nairn, 95. The only form noticed in this locality, where it was very abundant. The flowers, which are spoiled in drying, are of a beautiful golden-yellow, even to the tube. The bracts are but slightly toothed, the capsule frequently suberect, and the flowers assume a much more erect position than is usual in pratense forms. The flowers were of the exact size of those of var. montaniim (Johnst.), which was the prevailing moorland form of Easterness. The corolla is not closed. At first I was inclined to refer this to the var. luteum Blytt, but Eev. F. Wood informs me that luteum has very toothed bracts, and numerous whorls of flowers. It is a common plant of the birch zone, in Norway. In Britain, hians has now been reported from Wigton, Northumberland, Cum- berland, Westmoreland, and Nairn. — G. Claridge Druce.
Mentha sylvestris L., nemorosa. Eiver-bank, Whitney, Hereford- shire, 7th August, 1887.— AuGusTiN Ley. '* The observations on M. pubescens (below) apply to this plant. Willdenow's description appHes equally to several different forms, and, notwithstanding, does not fit in any way the specimen sent me under the name of M. nemorosa. It is a very remarkaible plant, and certainly is worthy
EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887. 57
of a name. It is not described in any work which I possess, and does not occur in the numerous forms which have been sent me from France, Switzerland, and Savoy. I hope that you will permit me to dedicate it to you in giving it the name of Mentha Nicholson- iana Str. I add here the description which I have made of it : — ^Mentha Nicholsoniana. Stem tomentose, erect, branching. Leaves with the veins disposed in a network, tomentose and greyish below, green above, and covered with very short hairs, which give them a mealy appearance ; all distinctly petiolate, oval-oblong, much nar- rowed at their apex, and subcordate at their base ; those of the j)rimary axis deeply dentate, with unequal apiculate teeth at unequal distances ; those of the branches less deeply dentate, with equal teeth, more or less remote. Flowering spikes cylindrical, pretty short, obtuse, and interrupted at their base. Bracts very long, setaceous, and plumose. Calyx hairy, with long subulate teeth. Corolla small. Stamens included. This species has certain re- lations with Mentha Ekensteiniana Opiz. (Naturalientausch, p. 301, No. 131).'"— L'Abbe Ch. A. Strail.
M. puhescens ^iWdi. Hort. Croydon, 1887.— A. Bennett. "The majority of the older botanists mention but a very small number of mints, and their descriptions are incomplete. Only a few characters were indicated. Hence it is impossible to say whether or not Willdenow had your plant in view when he gave the name, for his description equally applies to several other very dissimilar plants. In Malinvaud's ' Menthae Exsiccatae,' and in the three editions of Wirtgen's ' Mentharum Rhenanarum,' there are, under the name above given, sj)ecimens of several quite distinct forms. Besides, the descriptions of Boreau (Flore du Centre de la France), of Lloyd (Flore de I'Ouest), and of Reichenbach, do not apply to one and the same species. If I had found your mint in Belgium, I should cer- tainly have given it another name, and should have placed it close to M. nepetoides Lej., on account of the form of its inflorescence." — L'Abbe Ch. A. Strail.
Ceratophijllum aquaticum "Wats, in Lond. Cat. ed. 3"; Syme, E. B., ed. 3, vol. viii., pi. 1266-7. This is the form I recorded as C. apiculatimi Chamisso, in Journ. Bot. vol. xxv., p. 282. The specimens on which I founded that record had no spines at the base, but two minute tubercles in their place. Afterwards, on gathering a large series of examples, I found, on the same branch, fruits with (1) no spines at the base, (2) with two tubercles, (3) with one spine, (4) with two spines, and (5) with a winged spine. As all these varieties in the fruit occurred in apparently full-grown examples, and as the absence of spines seemed in no wise to depend upon the maturity of the fruit, I am induced to believe that our fenland plant is better placed under Mr. Watson's aggregate C. aquaticum. Possibly all Chamisso's "species," or "subspecies," have no substantial existence in nature, but may be, like our fenland varieties, states of one plant. Prof. Babington names our fenland plant C, demersum L., a name which may fairly be given to its usual state ; but, looking at habit and foliage alone, we certainly have a plant that is well described and figured in E. B., ed. 3, pi. 1267,
58 EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF BOTANICAL EXCHANGE CLUB, 1887.
as C. submersum. Also, in some seasons and situations, the fruit has neither spines nor tubercles. Tiie style, too, is variable in length. Perhaps members will be induced to examine Ceratophylla in their own neighbourhoods. — Alfred Fryer.
Luzula maxima DC, var. qracUis Rostrup. Top of the Sneug (alt. 1400 ft.), Foula, Shetland, 25th August, 1887. I send a few specimens from this locality. The very exposed situation in which the plant grows here, combined with late season of gathering, causes the specimens to be somewhat poor. A few, however, retained the flexuous or drooping peduncles which are one of the characteristics of the variety. — W. H. Beeby.
Sparqanium ner/lectum Beeby. Growing with Sparganiumramosum Curtis, in a ditch below the Causeway Mill, between Gumfreston and Hollow-ways, Tenby, 3rd and 5th October, 1887. Fruits of S. neglcctum also sent from ditches in the Penally Burrows, near Tenby, 5th October, 1887. — Charles Bailey. " The plants are rightly named, but the separate packets contain fruits of ramosum and neglectwn mixed." — W. H. Beeby. New county record.
Potam.ogeton fluitans Roth. Cultivated plants from Hunts, Co. 31, 28th July, 1887. The poor condition of the plant sent is due to none having been gathered until all hope of obtaining fruit was gone. Some were picked up in a withered state after the weed- cutters, and the others were gathered from a rapidly drying-up pond. After this pond became quite dry, the already-formed foliaged branches of P. flititans died away, and the surface of the mud soon became studded with the small tufted shoots of the land-form, which this species produces as freely as P. natans does. This state of the plant was also left ungathered, with the hope of preserving the vigour of the rootstock unimpaired for the production of fruit next season. These subaerial shoots survive throughout the hot, dry summer, and grow until killed by the frosts of late autumn. This species seems dying out in the fens, probably through the frequency with which the drains are cleared of weeds. Hence, too, the plants are cut down before they have time to ripen their fruit, which seems to set freely in natural stations. On the other hand, though cultivated specimens grow into extraordinary vigour, they show no tendency to flower at present. Our plant has affinities with P. natans on the one hand, and with the coriaceous-leaved forms of the lucens-gmw.^ on the other. — Alfred Fryer.
P. fiahellatm Bab. A splendid series of this, distributed by Mr. Alfred Fryer, in sets of three, viz. : — 839. Drain by Fortrey Hall Farm, Welches Dam, 12th Aug. 1887 ; 810. Same locality, 22nd Aug. 1888; 876. The New Bedford River, 15th July, 1887; all in Cambridgeshire, Co. 29. "The broader-leaved forms from the Ouse and the New Bedford River agree well with Prof. Babington's typical plant ; the finer-leaved forms from Welches Dam are towards the P. 'scoparim' of British authors. The Professor has kindly examined all my gatherings for some seasons past, and considers all the plants now sent as belonging to his P. fiahellatus. I have carefully watched these forms for four years, and have satisfied myself, by the habit of growth and foliage, as well as by the fruit,
NOTICES OF BOOKS. 59
that these plants cannot come under P. j)ectinatus, as at present restricted by Prof. Babington. Occasionally, but not constantly, all these fiahellatus forms produce broad, flat leaves at all seasons of the year in our fenlaud waters ; I think such leaves will only be found constantly in situations where the plant is unable to perfect its fruit. In cultivation, some shoots from the same rootstock produce them, others do not, and they vary in abundance from season to season. Hence we ought not to attach too much importance to their presence in distinguishing hetween fahellatiis and i^ectinatus, bat look chiefly to the differences between the fruit, on which Prof. Babington founded his species." — Alfred Fryer.
Festuca ovina L., var. tenuifolia Syme (1873) = var. cajnUata Hack. (Mon. Fest, 1882). Hedge Court, Surrey, 1887. Prof. Hackel confirms the name as well as the above synonym. The more recent varietal name has been adopted in Lond. Cat. ed. 8, but according to Hackel's own showing [I. c, p. 85), both of these names must give way to F. ovina, y&v paliidosa Gaud., Fl. Helv. i. (;i828).— W. H. Beeby.
Bromus erectus Huds., villosus Bab. Chesterton, Warwickshire, July, 1887. — H. Bromwich. " The spikelets being very shortly hairy, I doubt whether this be the form called so by Babington. Surely it is not B. erectus, v. villosus Doell, Flora d. Grossherz., Baden (which perhaps precedes Babington). If you choose to give a proper name to it, I should call it B. erectus, v. subvillosus Eegel et Tilling, Fl. Ajan, p. 126 (1858)."— E. Hackel.
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
Monographische Ubersicht ilher die Arten der Gattung Primula. Von Dr. Ferdinand Pax. Leipzig, Engelmann. 8vo, pp. 118.
The literature of the genus Primula is so widely scattered as to be accessible to those only having such facilities as are offered by one of our representative botanical libraries. Owing partly to this, the general nomenclature of the genus has long been in a very unsatisfactory condition. The impetus given to this cultivation by the late conference held at South Kensington, brought into promi- nence the demand for a complete monograph, and this has been supplied by Dr. Ferdinand Pax, of Breslau, who has given many years' study to the subject. He has examined the chief herbaria in Europe ; and, although his conclusions may not altogether meet with the views of botanists on this side of the Channel, they merit the careful attention of all workers at the genus.
The book begins with a history of the genus from the time of Dodonaeus and Clusius, 1583, down to the present, with full references to every known paper on Primulas between these dates, including structure, morphology, &c. In addition to the history of the genus, chapters are devoted to the geographical distribution of Primula, but unfortunately for the general English reader, this portion is in Dr. Pax's mother-tongue, and a closed book to the
60 REVISION OF PRIMULA.
general cultivator. By means of keys, constructed on a new and very ingenious system, the position of a species or a genus in the natural order heing seen at a glance. The European hybrids will he found rather complicated by the uninitiated, owing to so much intercrossing said to having taken place between the species, which can only be decided after long and careful study of the living plants.
Dr. Pax differs most from the English botanist in the definition of species ; his views of the officinalis section, however, nearly coincide with ours, and we are glad to see that he does not believe in the endless hybrids said to be derived from these common British plants, elatior, officinalis, and vulgaris, the greater number of which he properly places as synonyms or mere varieties. The results of H. C. Watson and Hofmann in crossing these plants are very interesting : the former, it is stated, raised elatior, acaulis, and officinalis fi-om the same seed, and Hofmann is said to have changed P. elatior into P. officinalis in six generations ; but here Dr. Pax cautiously observes that these experiments might not prove good in the face of a strict criticism.
The farinosa section is defined on the old plan, with the exception of a few regarded in this country as varieties being claimed as species, and a few, such as P. lepida Duby, being placed as varieties of P. farinosa. The greatest change, however, is in the nivales. Dr. Pax observes that amongst the Asiatic species are four types, one Siberian, one Himalayan, and two limited to Sikkim. The Siberian type, P. nivalis Pall., with crenate, serrate, rarely entire leaves, has a number of forms — one in the Caucasus, P. Bayneri; one in Turkestan (var. farinosa) ; ^loorcroftiana, in E. Siberia, which there attains its largest development ; the variety pimiila Ledebour, which has been raised to specific rank ; and finally, P. purpurea Eoyle. P. Stuartii is retained as a distinct species, and Moorcroftiana, x>^^n^urea, lineariloha, and macrocarpa are transferred from varieties of this species to P. nivalis, which seems a very intelligible conclusion. The chief diflerence between P. nivalis and P. Stuartii is in the colour of the flowers ; all these varieties have purple flowers, and, although they form connecting links between the two species, the difficulty seems to have been surmounted on the most reasonable grounds.
The European species have been well done, but with such a mixture of hybrids as to confuse the minds of all ordinary mortals tryiug to unravel them. The practice by nurserymen on the Continent seems to have been for a long time past to assign the parentage to a plant on msufficient grounds, without in the first instance testing its truth. The plant known in English gardens as P. nivea here has been defined ; Dr. Pax places it under hirsuta, but with this we cannot agree. P. nivea as grown in our gardens is more robust than hirsuta, and the scapes and calyx, and some- times the leaves, are always covered with farina, which points to P. pubescens ; and this is certainly where it belongs, as anyone can test for himself by raising pubescens as cultivated in gardens from seed.
On the whole we have much pleasure in adding our testimony to the value of Dr. Pax's monograph ; it has been a labour of love,
MANUAL OF ORCHTDACEOUS PLANTS. 61
and the thorough way in which every detail has been verified will readily appeal to those best acquainted with the difficulties he has had to contend with. It is the best and most comprehensive work of its kind, is thoroughly trustworthy, and, as a ready reference, should be in the hands of every lover of these popular plants.
D. Dewae.
A Manual of Orchidaceous Plants cultivated under Glass in Great
Britain. Part IV. Cypripedium. James Veitch & Sons,
Eoyal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W. 8vo, pp. 108. Price 10s. Qd.
The fourth part of this excellent work, which has recently been issued, is devoted to the cultivated forms of Cypripedium, now so popular in gardens. Preceding parts of the work have already been noticed in these pages, and it will be remembered that each part is complete in itself, as a monograph of the cultivated species and varieties of some important genus, or group of genera. The ground covered by the present instalment is stated as follows : —
" The species, varieties, and hybrids described in the following pages will come under the following heads : —
"I. Eucypripedia, including only the East Indian and Malayan species that constitute Bentham's (subsection) Coriacea.
" II. Seleiiipedia, coinciding with Eeichenbach's Selenipedium^ and including the anomalous TJropedium Liyidenii of Lindley.
"III. Garden hybrids, in two divisions: (a) Eucypripedium hybrids; (b) Seleiiijyediiim hyhrids/'
Lookmg through the text, we find, of Encypripedium, thirty- three species and sixty-six hybrids ; and of Selenipediim, eight species and twelve hybrids. Several supposed species are reduced as varieties or synonyms ; while two or three others are only admitted as species somewhat doubtfully. The garden hybrids strike one as a very numerous group, and what they are liiiely to become in the near future may be inferred from the following note : — " So generally is muling among Cypripedes now practised, not only in Great Britain, but also on the Continent of Europe, and in the United States of America, that there is scarcely an orchid collection of note in which a batch of seedlings may not be found." So numerous indeed are they already, that it was found impracticable to include all the hybrids that have been obtained up to the present. It is evident that hybrid Cypripediums are fast becoming florists' flowers; and we read with interest that " the pseudo- Latin names so much in vogue, together with the cumbrous Greek compounds, intelligible to none but the initiated, are as much out of place when applied to hybrid Cypripedes as they would be if ap^Dlied to hybrid roses."
On one point we are inclined to differ from the author, namely, as to the desirability of merging the genus Selenipediurn in Cypripedium. The grounds for this course aj)pear to be as follows : — [a) That Selenipediiim, though proposed by Prof. Eeichenbach, was afterwards abandoned by the author in his subsequent articles in the * Gar- deners' Chronicle'; (6) that the two will hybridise together; and
62 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS.
(c) that the discovery of the Malayan Cypripedium Sanderianum brings the relationship of the two groups morphologically nearer than its previously -known allies. As regards the first of these points, see the 'Gardeners' Chronicle' of July 7th, 1888, where a plant is described as Cypripedium. nitidissimum and as Selenipedium nitidissimum, a repetition of a most unfortunate practice of giving two names, one for gardens, the other for science. On the second point it may be urged that hybrids between distinct genera are already in existence. The third point we fear is illusory. Cypri- pedium Sanderianum is a typical Cypripedium. with a 1-celled ovary; true, its petals are remarkably attenuated, like those of Selenipedium caudatum, one of those curious analogies, of which numerous examples could be cited, where a species of one genus bears a closer external resemblance to one of another genus than to others of its own. But in this case, if the staminode, lip, and upper sepal be compared, the resemblance vanishes, or. is not more marked than the resemblance between Cypripedium philippinense and Selenipedium lonyifolium, or between C. Parishii and S. Boissierianum. The crucial point is this, that SelenipediiDii has the 3-celled ovary of the ApostasiciB, while Cypripedium agrees with all other orchids in having a 1-celled ovary — a difference of greater importance than that which separates many admitted genera of orchids. A glance at the two excellent maps furnished in the work strongly emphasises this point. We can only add, in conclusion, that, beyond its value to cultivators, it is a highly-creditable production as a botanical w^ork, and supplies a want that has long been felt, owing to the widely-scattered literature of the subject. The woodcuts, nearly forty in number, are excellent and faithful portraits.
E. A. KOLFE.
Articles in Journals.
Annals of Botany (dated Nov., pub. Jan.). — D. H. Campbell, ' Development of Pilularia' (3 plates). — G. Murray & L. A. Boodle, 'Structural and systematic account of Struvea' (1 plate). — S. Schonland, ' Morphology of Visciim album' (1 plate). — T. Johnson, ^ Spharococeus corona pifolius' (1 plate). — H. N. Kidley, 'Foliar organs of Utricularia bryopJdla, sp. n.' (1 plate). — M. M. Hartog, * Floral Organogeny and Anatomy of Brownea and Saraca.' — H. M. Ward, 'A lily-disease' (5 plates). — W. G. Farlow, ' Apospory in Pteris aquilina.' — S. H. Vines, ' Tubercles on roots of Leyiiminosce.' — J. B. Farmer, ' Development of endocarp in Sambucus nigra.'
Bot. Centralblatt (No. 1). — F. G. Kohl, ' Wachstum und Eiweissgehalt vegctabili seller zellhante' (1 plate). — J. J. Kieffer, ' Neue Mittheilungen liber lothringische Milbengallen.'— (No. 2). A. Hansgirg, ' Noch einmal liber Bacillus muralis und uber einige neue Formen von Grotten-Schizophyten.' — C. 0. Harz, ' Ueber den Dysodil.' — (No. 3). M. Kronfeld, ' Bemerkungen liber Coni- feren.' — J. Amenm, ' Leptotrickum ylaucescens.' — C. 0. Harz, 'Ueber eine zweckmiissige konser virungsmethode getrockneter Pflanzen.' — Id., ' Die Sporen der Hymenomyceten auf Papier zu fixiren.' — (No. 4). O.Burchard, ' Bryologische Eeiseskizzen aus Nordland.'
Botanical Gazette (Dec). — W. K. Dudley, * Strassburg and its
ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 63
botanical laboratory.' — E. L. Gregory, 'Development of cork-wings on certain trees' (1 plate). — L. N. Johnson, ' A tramp in N. Carolina mountains.'
Bot. Zeitimg (Jan. 4, 11). — J. Wiesner, * Der absteigende Wasserstrom mid dessen pliysiologische Bedeutung.' — (Jan. 11). H. Molisch, * Ueber den Farbenwechsel antliokyanbaltiger Blatter bei rasch eintretendem Tode.' — (Jan. 18). H. Solms-Laubacb, ♦ Anton de Bary.'— (Jan. 25). W. Zopf, ' Ueber Pilzfarbstoffe.'
Bull. Torreij Bot. Club (Jan.). — W. G. Farlow, 'New or im- perfectly known Alg^ of United States ' (2 plates). — N. L. Britton, ' Plants collected by H. H. Eusby in S. America ' (Duguetia ? glabra, Trigyneia bolivieusis, Cardamine speciosa, Sisymbrium? Patsbyi, Crema- lobus bolivianus, Morisonia oblongifolia, Viola boliviana, V. Bridgesii, V. thymifolia, Alsodeia ovalifolia, spp. nn., all of Britton: Polygala andijia, F.J'ormosa, Monnina boliviensis, spp. nn., of A. W. Bennett). — E. E. Sterns, ' Bulblets of Lycopodium lucidiiliim.'
Garde7iers' Chronicle (Dec. 29). — Aloe longijiora Baker, Pleuro- thallis punctidata Eolfe, spp. nn. — (Jan. 5). Peristeria Fiossiana Echb. f., sp. n. — 'Monstrous Ivy Flowers' (fig. 2). — (Jan. 19). Schomburghkia lepidissima Echb. f., sp. n.
Journal de Botaiiiqiie [J &n. 1). — J. Costantin, ' Eecherches sur Cladosporium herbarum.' — C. Sauvageau, ' Sur la racine du Xajas.' • — A. Franchet, ' Note sur le Ranunculus chcerophyllos.' — P. A. Dangeard, ' Notice biographique sur J. Moriere.'
Magyar ^ovenyiani Lapok (Nos. 134, 135). — J. B. Keller. ' Fragmenta rhodologica ad floram hungaricam spectantia.'
Sotarisia (Jan.). — G. B. de Toni, ' Pilinia and Acroblaste.' — A, Hansgirg, ' Addenda in Synopsis Generum subgenerumque Myxo- phycearum.' — M. Eaciborski, ' Su alcune Desmidiacee Lituane.' — A. Piccone, 'Noterelle Ficologiche.'
Nuovo Giornale Bot. Ital. (Jan. 10). — G. Arcangeli, ' Sopra alcune mostruosita osservate nei fiori del Narcissus Tazzetta ' (1 plate). • — F. Poggi & C. Eossetti, ' Contribuzione alia Flora Toscana.' — P. Gennari, ' Florula di Palabanda.' — J. Mueller, ' Lichenes Spegazziniani in Staten Island lecti.' — E. de Toni, 'Flora del Bellunese.' — A. Mori, ' Funghi di Modena.' — L. Nicotra, 'Flora Siciliana.' — G. Arcangeli, ' Sulla struttura dei semi della NyviphcBa alba.' — Id., ' N^qjJiar luteum.' — G. B. de Toni, ' Prima contribuzione diatomologica del Lago di Alleghe (Veneto).' — T. Caruel, ' Con- spectus familiarum Phanerogamarum.' — G. Cuboni, ' Sulla Erinosi nei grappoli della Vite.' — Id., ' Sulla Cosidetta Uva infavata dei Colli Laziali.'
Revue Generale de Botanique (Jan. 15). — E. Bonnet, ' Note sur VEctocarijusfulvescens' (1 plate). — L. Guignand, ' Developpement et constitution des antherozciides. I. Characees ' (1 plate). — G. Bonnier, ' Etudes sur la Vegetation de la Vallee de Chamonix et de la cliaine du Mont Blanc' (map). — H. Junelle, 'Assimilation et transpiration chlorophylliennes.' — L. du Sablon, ' Eevue des travaux d'anatomie publics en 1888. I. Anatomic cellulaire.'
Scottish Naturcdist (Jan.). — H. Macmillan, 'Lichens of Inverary.' —J. W. H. Trail, ' Peronosponw of Orkney.' -- W. H. Beeby, ' On
64 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
the Flora of Shetland ' (Glyceria distcms, var. j^rostrata, n. var.). — J. F. Grant & Arthur Bennett, * Flora of Caithness.' — G. C. Druce, * Plants of Peebleshh-e.'
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
January 17, 1889. — Mr. W. Carruthers, F.K.S., President, in the chair. — The following were elected Fellows : J. E. Green, M.A., Prof. Botany, Pharmaceutical Society; E. J. Harvey Gibson, M.A., Lecturer Botany, Univ. Coll., Liverpool; James W. White, of Chfton, Bristol ; and Herbert Stone, of Handsworth, Bu'mingham. — On behalf of M. Buysman, of Middleburg, Mr. B. D. Jackson exhibited a series of careful dissections of Nymphaa carulea collected by Dr. Schweinfurth in Egypt. — Mr. D. Morris exhibited specimens of drift fruit from Jamaica, where he had collected no less than thirty-five different kinds brought by the Gulf Stream from the mouths of the Orinoco and Amazon. Although the species exhibited had not been determined with certainty, it was believed to be probably Humiria bahamifera (the flower of which is figured by Eichler, 'Flora Brasiliensis,' vol. xii. pt. 2, 430, pi. xcii. fig. 1), but the fruit undescribed. It was commonly known in French Guiana as Bois rouge, and from it was obtained a gum used medicinally and burnt as incense. — Mr. T. Christy exhibited a material felted from Manilla hemp, and waterproofed, very strong and light, and particularly useful for surgical bandages, for which purpose it was highly recommended by army surgeons. — Mr. F. Crisp exhibited some specimens of agate so curiously marked as to lead to the erroneous supposition that they enclosed fossil insects and Crustacea. — A paper was then read by Mr. J. G. Tepper, *' On the Natural History of the Kangaroo Island Grass Tree, Xanthor- rhcea Tateana.'" This tree grows abundantly in Kangaroo Island, South Australia, in poor, gravelly and sandy soil, intermixed with ferruginous concretions, and attains a height of from six to fourteen feet, with a diameter of six to eighteen inches, and a floral spike of from ten to nineteen feet. It is thus a most conspicuous plant, and lends a peculiarly weird aspect to the country it occupies. Its rate of growth is described as very slow, old settlers having remarked but little change in individual trees after thirty years' observation. The most remark- able feature in the structure of the stem is the formation of a dense ligneous central core immediately above and connected with the roots, exhibiting numerous annular zones, traversed by transverse (medullary) fibres. The flowers are borne in a dense spike upon a smooth peduncle. Individually they are inconspicuous, of a whitish colour, and develop a strong odour and abundant nectar during the warmer part of the day, when they are visited and fertilised by hymeuopterous insects, the most remarkable being a large metallic- green Carpenter Bee (Xylocapa), which tunnels out cells m the dead flower-stalks.
:a.b,286.
H Morgan lith.
Po tamo ge ton falcatus.Frye^
WestNe'/vrrLSun 5^ Co.irap.
65
NOTES ON PONDWEEDS.
By Alfhed Fryer.
(Plates 286 & 287.)
Potamogeton falcatus Diihi. — Stem rouucl, slender, springing from a tuberous rootstock ; branched from near the base with distant alternate ascending branches, the lower of which are permanently submerged, the upper ultimately rising to the surface. Lower leaves alternate, amplexicfdd, flat, or slightly undulated at the margin, e)itire, rarely longitudinally folded and recurved; elliptical strap-shaped, gradually contracted from above the middle to the somewhat rounded base ; apex acute or acuminate ; the midrib is curved, and not quite central, so that many of the leaves are straight on one margin and curved on the other : with one or two rows of elongate cancellate areolations along the midrib, on each side of which are three lateral ribs connected by a few indistinct transverse veins. Upper leaves similar to the lower, amplexicaul, even when opposite and subtending the peduncles, or rarely (on the fruiting branches) stalked, floating, coriaceous, elliptical, with 12 opaque lateral ribs. Stijjules herbaceous, persistent, lower usually small and narrow, ultimately not clasping the stem ; upper larger, those at the base of the peduncles broad, stout, cymbiform. Peduncles usually shorter than the subtending foliage, equal, or only slightly swollen upwards in fruit, 1-1^ in. long. Fruiting spike f-l in. long, cylindrical, dense ; drupelets small, dark green ; imier margin rounded, terminated by the prominent subcentral beak ; outer margin almost semicircular, acutelg keeled; lateral ridges dis- tinct, distant from the central keel. Colour of the whole plant dark green, or reddish green when young, drying darker, or blackish green.
When growing, P. falcatus in its early state has the habit and appearance of the serratus-state of P. crispus ; later on, it resembles long-leaved forms of P. heterophyllus, or luxuriant plants may readily be mistaken for P. Zizii. When gathered, the young plants are so exactly like certain forms of P. nitens that it is difficult to find any specific difference. The difficulty of ranging it under any already-defined segregate will, however, be best explained by the following conflicting opinions I have been favoured with by botanists who have made a special study of the genus: — "Looks like crispus x rufescens"; "like an American form of P. Zizii''; "Your plant is certainly a form of P. gramineus" ; "^ heteropligllus form'' ; " ^-i nitens form " ; "■horealis ?" ; " Your plant deserves a name." One more elaborate opinion I quote at length, because it seems to me of great value as a clear statement of the main difficulty to be overcome in establishing P. falcatus as a species : —
" I should not feel inclined to refer it to P. Zizii, nor do I see anything which suggests to me hybridity ; I could not place it under heterophyllus ; but I could, and feel disposed at present so to do, place it under nitens. Unless the early and autumnal states of
Journal of Botany. — Vol. 27 March, 1889.] f
66 NOTES ON PONDWEEDS.
P. nitens reveal something antagonistic, I do not truly see how your plant is to be separated therefrom, further than as a var. or sub- species Your plant may quite likely be distinct, and if you
can really show that it is as distinct from jiitens as it is from hetero- plnjUus (always speaking of our ordinary British forms), then, to my ideas, it should take equal rank with those two forms — but at present it seems to me too near nitens; this is, I think, the point to be worked out" (W. H. Beeby, in litt., Jan. 1, 1888; see footnote at end).
To this point, then, I address myself: I may as well say plainly in the outset that I cannot place P.fakatus under nitens, because I regard the latter plant, as presented in the ordinary British and continental forms, as a barren hybrid. I have never seen a fruiting specimen, and I do not know any botanist who has. It is remark- able that, although all authors describe the fruit of P. nitens, I have never been able to meet with a single fertile spike in any herbarium which I have looked through. Surely the absence of fruiting specimens from such collections as those of Mr. Arthur Bennett, and Mr. Charles Bailey, and from the British part of the National Herbarium at the British Museum, and from the fine collection of British Potamogetous in Prof. Babington's herbarium, is somewhat significant ! Mr. Beeby, too, failed to procure a single fruiting spike of P. nitens from the Surrey stations he so carefully examined throughout the past summer. From a great quantity of fresh specimens he furnished me with from time to time I formed the opinion that, although the drupelets of P. nitens grow up to a certain size, like those of P. decipiens, they are all abortive, and decay as the season advances. This is but negative evidence I admit, but it is of a very strong nature. The leaf-characters of the two plants afi'ord more direct evidence of specific distinctness : in P. nitens the leaves are usually longitudinally folded and recurved, and 12-ribbed ; in P.falcatus they are 6-ribbed, flat, and ascending. The coriaceous floating leaves are more frequently produced in the latter species, and resemble those of P. heteropJujUus rather than those of P. nitens; and, above all, they essentially belong to the barren state of the plant, although sometimes present on the flowering branches. In P. nitens, as far as I have seen, these coriaceous leaves belong to the flowering branches, and are rarely present on those which produce no flower-spikes. P. falcatus never produces the broad perfoliate leaves so commonly present in luxuriant states of P. nitens (var. lati/olius of Tiselius), and the stipules differ con- siderably, approaching those of heterophyllus. Finally, the peduncles are more equal, being very slightly swollen upwards.
Turning to other allied forms: — P.falcatus is sufficiently dis- tinguished from P. heterophytliis by its amplexicaul leaves ; from /'. Zizii by the same character, and by the opaque ribs of the coriaceous tioating leaves, those of Zizii being translucent. The entire leaves without denticulations at once show that the resemblance to P. crispns is only superficial, although when growing and in the young state the two plants are not readily distinguished at a glance, even by the most accustomed eye.
alD.287.
B Moi-g SLTi 'iitia.
West Ncw-man ^ Cc irrqc
PotaTnogeton varians.Moron^.
A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AVRAINVILLEA. 67
The land-form is very robust, and differs in some degree from that of any of its congeners. With a general resemblance to that of P. varians, it has very thick coriaceous leaves, which vary in shape from broadly ligulate to elliptical ovate or orbicular. The rosettes of clustered leaves are sometimes formed at the end of a short erect stem, as in P. Zizii, and these stems occasionally produce lateral branches. When forsaken by the water, the already-formed stems continue to produce fresh leaves, which are coriaceous, and enable the plant to grow so freely that I have seen it in flower on the mud of a perfectly dry ditch. It seems as much at home under such circumstances as Utricularia vidr/aris, which flowers freely out of water, and assumes the appearance of a land plant.
At present I can give only a single locality for P. falcatus, near Kamsey, in Huntingdonshire, where its distribution over one or two miles of fenland suggests that it was formerly an inhabitant of the boggy margins of the chain of meres which connected Whittlesea Mere with the old River Nene. But I think it hkely that some other remarkable Huntingdonshire forms are varieties of this species, and I have seen plants from other British and Irish localities which probably belong to it.*
Explanation of Plates.
Plate 286. — Potamogeton falcatus. 1, Upper part of flowering stem ; 2, sub- merged nitens-like leaves ; 3, lanci-form with tuberous stolon ; 4, fruit-spike ; 5, drupelet, nat. size and mag. N.B. — The submerged leaves have only three lateral ribs on each side of the midrib.
Plate 287 .—Potamogeton varians Morong ined. 1, Upper part of flowering stem with ripe fruit- spike ; 2, autumnal barren shoot ; 3, tuberous rootstock ; ■4, land-form ; 5, drupelet, nat. size and mag.
A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF THE GENUS AVRAINVILLEA Decne.
By George Murray, F.L.S., and Leonard A. Boodle, F.L.S.
I. — Systematic.
The genus Avrainvillea was founded by Decaisne, in 1842, in
his 'Memoire sur les Corallines' (Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 2, Tom. xviii.),
on an Alga found by d'Avrainville at the lies des Saintes, near
Guadeloupe. The only species described was A. nigricans Decne.
* Since the above note was written, T have had a further communication from Mr. Beeby, which, in justice to him, I append, and Avhich strongly supports my views on the hybridity of P. nitens : — "With regard to your P. falcatus, I should not now place it under nitens; after examining quantities of the latter plant in Surrey last year, in various stages of growth, and several gatherings in Shetland, I have found it to be absolutely sterile — a point in favour of the view held by some botanists, that it is a hybrid, I should accord- ingly be disposed to keep your plant distinct ' (W. H. Beeby, in litt., Feb. 15, I8b9). I should be thankful to any botanist who would send me specimens of P. nitens — or supjwsed nitens — in fruit, and would gla'Uy send in return examples of the fenland critical forms, such as P. coriaceus, P. varians, and P. falcatus. My address is — Alfred Fryer, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire.
F 2
(J8 A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AVEAINVILLEA.
Ill the same year M. Cbauviii described the genus FradeJia [F. fuliilinosit) in his ' Eechcrches sur rorganisatiou, &c., de plusieiirs genres d'Algues,' Caen, on an Alga found by M. Fradel at Peruam- buco. We have the authority of the MM. Crouan for regarding these as the same plant, and the descriptions themselves bear ample evidence of it. Nothing further is heard of the genus until 1858, when three more generic synonyms were added to it. These were Chlorojiln/ma of Zanardini (Plant, in mari rubro, &c., Enume- ratio, p. 290), llliijiilia of Kiitzing (Tab. Pliyc. Bd. viii.), and C/ilorodi'bViis of Jjailey & Harvey (Ner. Bor. Am. iii.). The abundance of this synonymy is not to be wondered at, since the descriptions of Arrai)irille(( and Fradelia (though, as has just been said, sufficient for proving their identity with each other) are by no means eloquent as to the appearance and structure of the genus. Moreover, there was no figure published of either. Zanardini's L'ldorojdiyma came from Eastern seas, Kiitzing's lihipUut from the Antilles (same region as AvrainviUea), and Bailey & Harvey's Lhloro- dcsnns from the Pacific ; all three have been figured. CJdoyoplcgnm was figured very poorly, and, except that Zanardini himself subsequently added another species to it, this genus also departed into the waste of synonymy. llJiiidlia of Kiitzing, on the other hand, was carefully figured in the ' Tabulae,' and thus became widely known to phy- cologists. He described two species of it, B. knujicaidis and Fi. tumcntosa. The latter, however, is a species of Udotea, as we have been able to satisfy ourselves from an examination of the type- specimen Idndly lent to us by M. Suringar. FJiipilia, however, gained a recognition in systematic phycology, and Prof. Dickie added to it iu ilausoni from Barbadoes (Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv.). The type is with his herbarium in the British Museum, and is identical with Avraiucillca nigricans Decne., according to specimens so named by MM. Crouan from Guadeloupe (Maze & Schramm), also in the British Museum. In 1886 Mr. Murray described (Trans. Liun. Soc.) aiiotlier species of FJiipilia [11. Andcrsonii), from the Mergui Archipelago, where it was collected by Dr. Anderson. This is, beyond doubt:, identical with the Chluroplet/ina papuanwii Zanard. collected by Beecari, since we have been able to examine the types of both in the British Museum, to which institution Dr. Beecari recently presented a specimen of C. papuanuni. It is now Aivain- villea jiapuana.
MM. Crouan, in Maze et Schramm's ' Algues de la Guadeloupe,' first pointed out the identity of FJiipilia with ArrainviUea, though it is only fair to claim for one of us that he had independently come to the same conclusion. As for Chlowdesniis of Bailey & Harvey, its identity with Arraincillca has never been suspected until now. The abundant authentic material from Harvey in the British Museum, as well as the specimens of Cldorudesmis i>aclii/])us Kjellin., and the rich material collected by Ferguson in Ceylon (No. 290), leave no doubt ill our minds ; fir.sdi/, that CJilorodcsinis comosa is merely an Anainiillea with the filaments free, instead of interwoven, and the rhizoid mass piobably broken ofi' short ; and, secondhj, that other forms exactly resembling ('hlurodisniis (Ferguson's No. 290) are
A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AYRAINYILLEA. 69
young-growth forms conuected by an unbroken series with mature forms of AvrtiinvUlea — in this case A. papmma. The C. pachypus of Kjellman, from Labuan, is a hnk in the chain, having its counterpart, however, in the Ferguson series. Tlie other species of Avrainvillea which do not affect in any way the generic synonymy will be found described in their proper place.
The distribution of the genus is of some interest. It occurs throughout tropical seas ; the West Indies and Brazil represent its occurrence in the Atlantic ; the Eed Sea and Indian Ocean possess forms of it, whence its distribution extends through the East Indian Islands to the Pacific. The main point of interest lies in the fact that the Atlantic forms (A. nigncans Decne., A. Iu7i(/icaulis nob., A. sordida Crn. (excl. syn.), A. Mazei nob.) are confined to the Atlantic, so far as is known; and the Eastern and Pacific forms (A. pajmana nob., A. lacerata J. Ag., A. obscura J. Ag., A. comosa nob., and A. caspitosa nob.) are also a group by themselves, not only geographically, but fi'om the botanical point of view as well.
The specimens occur in the shallow seas ; from no depth beyond fifteen fathoms, so far as is known. In the practically speaking tideless sea of the Antilles, Mr. Murray found A. lon/ji- caulis and A. sordida Crn. most frequently at depths varying from two to fifteen fathoms, but M. Maze records specimens from the depth of 0)16 metre at Guadeloupe. Dr. Anderson found Aj.. papuana at low-water mark in the Mergui Archipelago. According to Harvey, A. cumosa occurs on coral reefs, but all the other species appear to resemble the West Indian forms in preferring mud and coral-sand. MM. Maze & Schramm say that specimens sometimes occur on the shell of Strornhus <ji(jas. Mr. Murray founds. loiKji- caulis occurring in great beds, the plants connected with each other by a rhizome-like structure under the surface of the mud. It grows most frequently in company with Zostera and species of Udotea. Dredging for it was not a particularly successful operation, since even a dredge specially designed for ploughing up mud-inhabiting organisms (kindly lent him by the Scottish Marine Biological Association) frequently broke oft' the fronds, and left the deeper rhizoids behind. The best specimens were obtained by a skilful negro diver (accustomed to dive for sponges, &c.), who was taught without difficulty to distinguish Avrawvillea from Udotea (among other matters) in situ, a performance which has not been equalled by certain phycologists under far happier circumstances !
The systematic position of the genus is certainly next Penicillus, and very near Udotea, to which it bears a strong resemblance as seen with the naked eye. Unlike these genera, no species of Avrainvillea has been found with an incrustation of carbonate of lime, but it may be pointed out here that the amount of this incrustation varies with the species in both Penicillus and Udotea.
The following is a systematic disposition of the genus : —
AVRAINVILLEA Decne. (Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 2, Tom. xviii. p. 108, et Acad, de Paris Faculte d. Sci. 1842, p. 96). Alga marina viridi-fuscescens, sessilis vel stipitata, ex fills non-septatis, cylin- dricis vel moniliformibus, dichotomis, plus minusve intertextis
70 A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AVRATNVILLEA.
interdum liberis, sursum in frondem flabelliformem inferne in plexum rliizinarum implicatis, composiia.
Syn. Fraddia Chauv. (' Reclierclies sur Torganisation, &c., de plusieurs genres d'Algues,' Caen, 1842) ; Chhroplegma Zanard. (Plant, in mari riibro, &c., Eniimeratio p. 290, tab. 13) ; Ehipilia Kiitz. (Tab. Pliyc. Bd, viii. p. 12, tab. 28, 1858); Chlorodesmis Bail, et Harv. (Ner. Bor. Amer. iii. p. 29, et in Wilkes, Ex]plor. Exped. vol. 17 (Botany), p. 172).
1. A. NIGRICANS Decne [loc.cit.). Sessilis vel brevistipitata, fusco-nigrescens, fronde flabellata, irregulariter lobata, lobis obtusis, coriacea, ex filis dicbotomis intertextis, torulosis, apicibus obtusis, composita ; stipite simpliciusculo tereti crasso.
Syn. Fradelia fuUginosa Chauv. (loc. cit. p. 124, Jide Crouan) ; RMpilia Baicsoni Dickie (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xiv. p. 151, pi. 11).
Hab. In Antillis, lies des Saintes prope la Guadeloupe, d' Avrainville ; Guadeloupe, Maze et Schramml (Nos. 490, 1200); Barbadoes, Eaivson ! et in oris Brasiliae ad Pernanibuco, Fradel.
2. A. LONGicAULis iiob. Flabclliformis, viridi-fusca, lacerata, coacta, stipite elongato, e rliizomate subterraneo surgente, ex filis, dicbotomis, intertextis, regulariter moniliformibus, apicibus obtusis, composita.
Syn. Ehipilia longicaidis Kiitz. (Tab. Phyc. Bd. viii. p. 18, t. 28, fig. 2) ; Avrainvillea sordida var. longipes Crn. (in Maz^ et Schramm, Algues de la Guadeloupe, p. 90).
Hab. In Antilles, Sonder; ad ins. Guadeloupe, Maze et Schramm ! (No. 1126,nonNo. 1234); St. Thomas, ' Challenger' \ Grenada,. VwTrt?/!
8. A. soRDiDA Crn., excl. syn. (in Maz6 et Schramm, loc.cit., p. 89). Flabelliformis, zonata, viridi-fusca, textura coriacea, stipitata, ex filis dicbotomis, cylindricis, intertextis, liinc illinc moniliformibus, apicibus obtusis, inferne viridibus sursum fusces- centibus, composita.
Hab. Ad ins. Guadeloupe, Maze et Schrajnm I (Nos. 30, 174 bis) ; Grenada, Murray !
Directly above the bifurcation the filaments are frequently moniliform for some distance. This species is distinctly inter- mediate between A. longicaulis and A. Mazei.
MM. Crouan derived the name sordida from the Vdotea sordida Mont., with which they took this form to be identical. They also cite Chloroj^legma sordidum Zan. Both these species are identical with the Vdotea lacerata Harv., and will be found cited here under Avrainvillea lacerata J. Ag. Crouan also quotes under this species Ehipilia tomentosa Kiitz., which is identical with Avrainvillea hcte- virens Cm., and both of these forms are to be found among our species exclusae, since they obviously belong to Udotea. Moreover, the Avrainvillea sordida var. longipes Crn. is, as has been seen, another species, viz., our A. longicaulis.
4. A. Mazei nob. Flabelliformis, sordide fusca, textura cori- acea, stipite elongato, ex filis dicbotomis, cylindricis, intertextis, fulvis, apicibus obtusis, composita ; rhizinre diametro irregulares, sed haud torulosae.
A SYSTEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ACCOUNT OF AYRAINVILLEA. 71
Hab. Ad ins. Guadeloupe, Maze et Schramm ! (sub nominibus Flahellarim fimbriata (No. 65) et AvrainviUem sordid cb ysly. longipedis Cm. (No. 1234), ad ins. Marie Galante prope la Guadeloupe).
5. A. PAPUANA nob. Sessilis vel brevistipitata, integro- flabelliformis, interdum paulisper lacerata, textura coacta, ex fills dicliotomis, cylindricis, intertextis, viridibus tandem inferne fulvis sursum fulvo-aurantiacis, irregulariter et longis intervallis constrictis, apicibus obtusis subclavatis, composita ; rbizinse inae- qualiter torulosae.
Syn. Chloroplegma papuanum Zanard. (Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. X. 1878, p. 37) ; Chlorodesmis pachijjms Kjellm. (in Wittr. et Nordst. Alg. Exsicc. No. 343] ; Wdpilia Andersonii G. Murr. (Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. Ser. 2, vol. ii. (1886), p. 225, tab. 31).
Hab. Ad Sorong, Nova Guinea, Beccari ! Labuan, Borneo, Kjellmanl Mergui Archipelago, Anderson \ Ceylon, Ferguson \ (Nos. 290, 313); (Philippines?), Cumingl Nova Caledonia, Uh. Le Jolis ! (sub nomine Chloroplegmatis sordidi Zan.).
6. A. LACERATA J. Ag. (Till. Alg. Syst. viii. p. 54). Cuneato- flabelliformis, fusco-olivacea, sordida, obsolete zonata, ex fills dichotomis, intertextis inferne viridibus sursum fusco-succineis, torulosis, apicibus obtusis composita.
Syn. Udotea sordida Mont. (Plant. Cellul. in ins. Philipp. Hooker's Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. iii. p. 659) ; Chloroplegma sordidum Zanard. (Plant, in mari rubro, &c., Enumeratio, p. 291, tab. 13) ; Udotea lacerata Harv. (Friendly Islands Algse, No. 86).
Hab. Ad ins. Philippines, Cuming, No. 2233 ; in mari rubro, Portier (Hb. higari) ; ad ins. Amicorum (Friendly Islands), Harvey \ Mauritius, Pike !
7. A. OBScuRA J. Ag. (Till. Alg. Syst. viii. p. 53). ''Fronde supra imam basem dilatatam surgente stipite brevi complanato, apice in flabellum terminale latius cuneatum crassum luridum, margine erosum abeunte."
Syn. Anadyomene? ohscura C. Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 401. Hab. In oceano pacifico calidiore; ad Guham in insulis Moluccis a Gaudichaud lecta. Specimen nullum vidimus.
8. A. coMosA nob. Sessilis, laxe filamentosa, viridis, ex fills dichotomis, cylindricis, liberis, penicillatis, apicibus obtusis, com- posita ; rhizinae torulosae densissime intertextas.
Syn. Chlorodesmis comosa Bail, et Harv. (Ner. Bor. Am. iii. p. 29 (1858), et in Wilkes, Explor. Exped. xvii. (Botany), p. 172 (1862-74).)
Hab. Ad ins. Feejee, Harvey, ' Challenger' ! Amicorum (Friendly Islands), Vavau et Lifuka, Harvey ! (No. 90), et Tongatabu, Hh. Mus. Brit. ! Upolu, Samoa, FJb. Mus. Brit. ! Nova Caledonia, Hb Le Jolisl Loo Choo, Wright; Noukahiva, Jardin ; Port Denison, Sonder.
Specimen ad ins. Guadeloupe a Maze et Schramm lecta {loc. cit. sub nomine Chlorodesmidis comosa, p. 98, No. 338) forsan Vaucherim sp. est.
This very interesting form (the original generic type of Chloro- desmis) differs from the other species in the mature state in having
72 TWO NEW ATHYRIUMS FR():M THE N.W. HIMALAYAS.
free frond-filaments. The young frond-filaments of A. pap)ia7in are (as has been pointed out) also quite free. TJje Chlorodesmis-iovm in fact seems to stand in much the same relation to Avrahivillea as the Espera-fovm. does to Penicilbis, according to the interesting research of M. Woronin. In many specimens the characteristic constriction of the filaments is situated a short distance above their bifurcation, and one is often a little higher than the other.
Species inquiremUc.
9. A. CiESPiTOSA nob. Specimina immatura ex filis crassis, dichotomis, cylindricis, plus minusve liberie, inferne decumbentibus, radicantibus, sursum adscendentibns, terminalibus erectis,composita.
Syn. Chl(>ro(Je,Hi)iis C(cspitosa J. Ag. (Till. Alg. Syst. viii. p. 49). Hab. Ad Ceylonam, Fen/uson ! (No. 110), et ad ins. Comoro, Hildebrmidt ! (No. 1895, sub nomine Chlorodesmidis comosm Harv.).
10. Chlorodesmis major Zanard. (Flora, 1874, p. 504). Hab. Ad ins. Lord Howe, Fullciger et Lind.
Specimen nullum vidimus. Forsan status immaturus Avrain- villecB comoscB vel A. cccspituscB.
Species exchiscB. Bhipilia tomentosa Kiitz. (Tab. Phyc. Bd. viii. p. 12, tab. 28, fig. 1) et AvrainviUea Jcete-virens Crn. (in Maze et Schramm, hoc. cit.f p. 89) UdotccB species eadem sunt.
Chlorodesmis vaiicheriaformis Harv. (Ner. Bor. Am. iii. p. 30, pi. xI.d), a Farlow ('Marine Algae of New England,' p. 60) ad Derbesiam tenuissimain Crn. relata est.
(To be fnntinued.)
/
TWO NEW ATHYEIUMS FROM THE N.W. HIMALAYAS. By Col. R. H. Beddome, F.L.S.
Asplenium (Athyrium) Duthiei, n. sp. — Rhizome wide- creeping, black, nearly naked ; stipe 3-4 in. long, furnished with a few ovate or lanceolate deciduous scales, glabrous, pinkish ; fronds narrow, ovate-lanceolate, about 12 in. long by 3-4 in. broad ; pinnaB lanceolate, alternate, about 20 on each side ; lower ones gradually reduced, the central ones 1^-2 in. long, i-f in. broad, piunatifid nearly or quite to the rachis into sharply-toothed obovate or lanceolate lobes about 2 lines broad; texture herbaceous ; rachises glabrous, pinkish, furnished with a few deciduous large lanceolate scales ; both surfaces glabrous ; veiulets forked ; sori asplenioid or hippocrepiform, G-8